Physiological responses of Rhamdia quelen (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) to anesthesia with essential oils from two different chemotypes of Lippia alba

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate if Lippia alba has different chemotypes according to the chemical composition of the essential oil (EO) considering collection site, and if the EO may have different effects on blood and plasma parameters in silver catfish, Rhamdia quelen, during and immediately after anesthesia. The citral (EO-C) and linalool (EO-L) chemotypes were identified, and both presented similar anesthetic effects for silver catfish. Fish were exposed to two concentrations of each EO, which induced slow and fast anesthesia (100 and 300 µL L-1, respectively). Blood ions did not change at any time of anesthesia induction and recovery and, therefore, the electrolyte balance was not altered. Blood gases oscillated through all exposure and recovery times, but there was an increase in pO2 after 10 min recovery in fish anesthetized with EO-C. Glucose increased in fish exposed to both EOs when compared with the control group. Overall, exposure to both EOs (except 100 µL L-1 EO-L at most times) reduced plasma cortisol levels compared to the control and/or ethanol groups. However, as plasma creatinine levels in fish anesthetized with EO-C were higher than control fish, the use of EO-L is preferable.

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Essential oils from Citrus x aurantium and Citrus x latifolia (Rutaceae) have anesthetic activity and are effective in reducing ion loss in silver catfish ( Rhamdia quelen )

Neotropical Ichthyology ◽

10.1590/1982-0224-20170152 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jane Mello Lopes ◽

Carine de Freitas Souza ◽

Bianca Schindler ◽

Carlos Garrido Pinheiro ◽

Joseânia Salbego ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Ammonia Excretion ◽

Fish Mortality ◽

Control Fish ◽

Control Group ◽

Anesthesia Induction ◽

Anesthetic Activity ◽

Silver Catfish ◽

Anesthetic Effect ◽

Rhamdia Quelen

ABSTRACT This study investigated the anesthetic effect of the essential oils (EOs) from the peel of Citrus x aurantium (EOCA) and Citrus x latifolia (EOCL) on silver catfish Rhamdia quelen. Fish were exposed to different concentrations of EOCA and EOCL to determine time of anesthesia induction and recovery. Induction of anesthesia was observed in all fish exposed to 400, 600 or 800 μL L−1 EOCA and 300, 400 or 500 μL L−1 EOCL. Another group of fish were exposed for 8 h to 50, 100, or 200 μL L−1 of either EOs. Overall, fish exposed to ethanol and both EOs presented higher ventilatory frequencies (VF) than the control group throughout the 8 h of exposure. Net ion (Na+, K+ and Cl−) effluxes and ammonia excretion were significantly lower in fish exposed to 50, 100 or 200 μL L−1 of either EOs compared to control fish. Mortality was 37% in fish exposed to 200 μL L−1 of either EOs after 8 h. These findings suggest that EOCA and EOCL are useful anesthetics and sedatives for Rhamdia quelen, but their usefulness as alternatives to reduce stress in fish transportation at the lower concentrations tested (50-100 µL L−1) deserves further study.

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Biochemical parameters of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) after transport with eugenol or essential oil of Lippia alba added to the water

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/1519-6984.16515 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 77 (4) ◽

pp. 696-702 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

J. Salbego ◽

C. Toni ◽

A. G. Becker ◽

C. C. Zeppenfeld ◽

C. C. Menezes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽

Protein Carbonyl ◽

Control Group ◽

Routine Practice ◽

Silver Catfish ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Lippia Alba ◽

Rhamdia Quelen

Abstract The transport of live fish is a routine practice in aquaculture and constitutes a considerable source of stress to the animals. The addition of anesthetic to the water used for fish transport can prevent or mitigate the deleterious effects of transport stress. This study investigated the effects of the addition of eugenol (EUG) (1.5 or 3.0 µL L–1) and essential oil of Lippia alba (EOL) (10 or 20 µL L–1) on metabolic parameters (glycogen, lactate and total protein levels) in liver and muscle, acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) in muscle and brain, and the levels of protein carbonyl (PC), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and nonprotein thiol groups (NPSH) and activity of glutathione-S-transferase in the liver of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen; Quoy and Gaimard, 1824) transported for four hours in plastic bags (loading density of 169.2 g L–1). The addition of various concentrations of EUG (1.5 or 3.0 µL L–1) and EOL (10 or 20 µL L–1) to the transport water is advisable for the transportation of silver catfish, since both concentrations of these substances increased the levels of NPSH antioxidant and decreased the TBARS levels in the liver. In addition, the lower liver levels of glycogen and lactate in these groups and lower AChE activity in the brain (EOL 10 or 20 µL L–1) compared to the control group indicate that the energetic metabolism and neurotransmission were lower after administration of anesthetics, contributing to the maintenance of homeostasis and sedation status.

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The essential oil from Lippia alba induces biochemical stress in the silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) after transportation

Neotropical Ichthyology ◽

10.1590/1982-0224-20130178 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 811-818 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Joseânia Salbego ◽

Alexssandro G. Becker ◽

Jamile F. Gonçalves ◽

Charlene C. Menezes ◽

Clarissa G. Heldwein ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Glutathione Peroxidase ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Nucleoside Triphosphate ◽

Control Group ◽

Silver Catfish ◽

Lippia Alba ◽

Rhamdia Quelen ◽

The Brain

This study investigated the effects of the essential oil (EO) from Lippia alba on biochemical parameters related to oxidative stress in the brain and liver of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) after six hours of transport. Fish were transported in plastic bags and divided into three treatments groups: control, 30 µL L- 1 EO from L.alba and 40 µL L-1 EO from L.alba. Prior to transport, the fish were treated with the EO from L. alba (200 µL L -1 for three minutes), except for the control group. Fish transported in bags containing the EO did not have any alterations in acetylcholinesterase, ecto -nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase and 5'nucleotidase activity in the brain or superoxide dismutase activity in the liver. The hepatic catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), nonprotein thiol and ascorbic acid levels were significantly lower compared to the control group. However, the hepatic thiobarbituric acid- reactive substances, protein oxidation levels and the lipid peroxidation/catalase+glutathione peroxidase (LPO/CAT+GPx) ratio were significantly higher in fish transported with both concentrations of the EO, indicating oxidative stress in the liver. In conclusion, considering the hepatic oxidative stress parameters analyzed in the present experiment, the transport of previously sedated silver catfish in water containing 30 or 40 µL L-1 of EO from L. alba is less effective than the use of lower concentrations.

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S -(+)-Linalool from Lippia alba : sedative and anesthetic for silver catfish ( Rhamdia quelen )

Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia ◽

10.1111/vaa.12146 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 41 (6) ◽

pp. 621-629 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Clarissa G Heldwein ◽

Lenise de L Silva ◽

Eduarda Z Gai ◽

Cassiela Roman ◽

Thaylise V Parodi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Silver Catfish ◽

Lippia Alba ◽

Rhamdia Quelen

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Transportation of silver catfish, Rhamdia quelen, in water with eugenol and the essential oil of Lippia alba

Fish Physiology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1007/s10695-011-9562-4 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 789-796 ◽

Cited By ~ 77

Author(s):

Alexssandro G. Becker ◽

Thaylise V. Parodi ◽

Clarissa G. Heldwein ◽

Carla C. Zeppenfeld ◽

Berta M. Heinzmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Silver Catfish ◽

Lippia Alba ◽

Rhamdia Quelen

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Fish anesthesia: effects of the essential oils of Hesperozygis ringens and Lippia alba on the biochemistry and physiology of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen)

Fish Physiology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1007/s10695-013-9877-4 ◽

2013 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Cândida Toni ◽

Alexssandro Geferson Becker ◽

Larissa Novaes Simões ◽

Carlos Garrido Pinheiro ◽

Lenise de Lima Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Silver Catfish ◽

Lippia Alba ◽

Rhamdia Quelen

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Effects of anesthetic tricaine on stress and reproductive aspects of South American silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) male

10.1101/759340 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Nathalia dos Santos Teixeira ◽

Lis Santos Marques ◽

Rômulo Batista Rodrigues ◽

Darlan Gusso ◽

Ana Amélia Nunes Fossati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Induction Time ◽

Plasma Cortisol ◽

Sperm Quality ◽

Reproductive Hormones ◽

Anesthesia Induction ◽

South American ◽

Silver Catfish ◽

Rhamdia Quelen ◽

Cortisol Levels ◽

Motility Rate

AbstractAnesthesia is a common practice used in fish research and aquaculture. For both applications, it is important to understand anesthetics effects on the animal and tissues of interest to ensure the validity of data and to improve animal welfare. Captive fish production is only possible with artificial reproduction, and it is known that manipulation is a stressor stimulus in fish. The most common method of determining fish stress responses is measuring the circulating level of cortisol. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of different concentrations (100, 200, and 300 mg L-1) of the anesthetic tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) on cortisol levels and their influence on the sperm quality maintenance in Rhamdia quelen. After hormonal induction, 28 sexually mature males (average weight = 363.00 ± 71.24 g) were randomly distributed among treatments, and their semen and blood samples were collected. Anesthesia induction time, motility rate, sperm concentration and morphology, plasma cortisol levels, and reproductive hormones concentrations (testosterone, 17-α-hydroxyprogesterone, and estradiol) were evaluated. Anesthesia with 100 mg L-1 MS-222 presented a longer induction time than that with 200 and 300 mg L-1 MS-222. Sperm motility rate was significantly higher in the control than in the 300 mg L-1 treatment but did not differ among the control, 100, and 200 mg L-1 treatments. Estradiol level was significantly higher in non-anesthetized than in anesthetized fish, but plasma cortisol levels did not differ significantly between treatments (182.50 ± 42.03 ng mL-1). MS-222 anesthetizes fish by blocking the sodium channels, preventing the development of nerve action potentials. However, MS222 at concentrations of 100, 200, and 300 mg L-1 did not prevent stress in South American silver catfish males. In addition, its use did not maintain sperm quality, as it impaired motility and decreased levels of plasma estradiol.

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Chemical, microbiological, and sensory parameters during the refrigerated storage of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) exposed in vivo to the essential oil of Lippia alba

Journal of Food Science and Technology ◽

10.1007/s13197-018-3056-7 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 55 (4) ◽

pp. 1416-1425 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ana Paula de Lima Veeck ◽

Ana Paula Daniel ◽

Bruna Klein ◽

Andréia Quatrin ◽

Ana Paula de Souza Rezer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Refrigerated Storage ◽

Silver Catfish ◽

Lippia Alba ◽

Rhamdia Quelen ◽

Sensory Parameters

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Effects of surgically implanted dummy transmitters on the South American catfish Jundiá (Rhamdia quelen)

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/s1519-69842003000200019 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 345-348 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

U. H. Schulz

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Body Wall ◽

High Water ◽

Control Fish ◽

Control Group ◽

Rhamdia Quelen ◽

Group Water ◽

Radio Transmitters ◽

And Control ◽

Experimental Group

High water temperatures and low water quality may negatively influence wound healing, growth and transmitter retention in radio-tagged fish of tropical and subtropical water bodies which in turn may hamper radio tracking studies. For a period of 90 days, we compared growth of an experimental group of ten Rhamdia quelen, which were submitted to intraperitoneal dummy transmitter implantation, with that of a control group. Additionally, wound healing and transmitter expulsion were observed in the experimental group. Water temperature varied between 24°C and 30°C during the study. Experimental group and control fish decreased in body weight during the investigation period, but the differences between the mean individual weight loss in both groups were not significant (Student t-test, p = 0.64). Wound healing in experiment group fish was advanced after 14 days, while after 70 days eight out of ten incision wounds were closed and cicatrized. One fish had its dummy transmitter expulsed through the ventral body wall. After 90 days two more fish had the dummies expulsed, one through the ventral body wall and the other through the antenna exit. One experimental group fish died with visible signs of infection. The results encourage the use of surgically implanted radio transmitters for long-term tagging studies at high water temperatures.

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