scholarly journals Essential oils from Citrus x aurantium and Citrus x latifolia (Rutaceae) have anesthetic activity and are effective in reducing ion loss in silver catfish ( Rhamdia quelen )

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Mello Lopes ◽  
Carine de Freitas Souza ◽  
Bianca Schindler ◽  
Carlos Garrido Pinheiro ◽  
Joseânia Salbego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Fish Mortality ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anesthesia Induction ◽  
Anesthetic Activity ◽  
Silver Catfish ◽  
Anesthetic Effect ◽  
Rhamdia Quelen

ABSTRACT This study investigated the anesthetic effect of the essential oils (EOs) from the peel of Citrus x aurantium (EOCA) and Citrus x latifolia (EOCL) on silver catfish Rhamdia quelen. Fish were exposed to different concentrations of EOCA and EOCL to determine time of anesthesia induction and recovery. Induction of anesthesia was observed in all fish exposed to 400, 600 or 800 μL L−1 EOCA and 300, 400 or 500 μL L−1 EOCL. Another group of fish were exposed for 8 h to 50, 100, or 200 μL L−1 of either EOs. Overall, fish exposed to ethanol and both EOs presented higher ventilatory frequencies (VF) than the control group throughout the 8 h of exposure. Net ion (Na+, K+ and Cl−) effluxes and ammonia excretion were significantly lower in fish exposed to 50, 100 or 200 μL L−1 of either EOs compared to control fish. Mortality was 37% in fish exposed to 200 μL L−1 of either EOs after 8 h. These findings suggest that EOCA and EOCL are useful anesthetics and sedatives for Rhamdia quelen, but their usefulness as alternatives to reduce stress in fish transportation at the lower concentrations tested (50-100 µL L−1) deserves further study.

scholarly journals Physiological responses of Rhamdia quelen (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) to anesthesia with essential oils from two different chemotypes of Lippia alba

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carine de Freitas Souza ◽  
Matheus Dellaméa Baldissera ◽  
Joseânia Salbego ◽  
Jane Mello Lopes ◽  
Rodrigo de Almeida Vaucher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Gases ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anesthesia Induction ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Plasma Parameters ◽  
Silver Catfish ◽  
Lippia Alba ◽  
Rhamdia Quelen ◽  
Recovery Times

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate if Lippia alba has different chemotypes according to the chemical composition of the essential oil (EO) considering collection site, and if the EO may have different effects on blood and plasma parameters in silver catfish, Rhamdia quelen, during and immediately after anesthesia. The citral (EO-C) and linalool (EO-L) chemotypes were identified, and both presented similar anesthetic effects for silver catfish. Fish were exposed to two concentrations of each EO, which induced slow and fast anesthesia (100 and 300 µL L-1, respectively). Blood ions did not change at any time of anesthesia induction and recovery and, therefore, the electrolyte balance was not altered. Blood gases oscillated through all exposure and recovery times, but there was an increase in pO2 after 10 min recovery in fish anesthetized with EO-C. Glucose increased in fish exposed to both EOs when compared with the control group. Overall, exposure to both EOs (except 100 µL L-1 EO-L at most times) reduced plasma cortisol levels compared to the control and/or ethanol groups. However, as plasma creatinine levels in fish anesthetized with EO-C were higher than control fish, the use of EO-L is preferable.

scholarly journals Efficacy of eugenol and the methanolic extract of Condalia buxifolia during the transport of the silver catfish Rhamdia quelen

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 675-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexssandro Geferson Becker ◽  
Mauro Alves da Cunha ◽  
Luciano de Oliveira Garcia ◽  
Carla Cristina Zeppenfeld ◽  
Thaylise Vey Parodi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Fish Mortality ◽  
Silver Catfish ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Rhamdia Quelen ◽  
Light Sedation

This study evaluated extracts of Condalia buxifolia as anesthetics for the silver catfish Rhamdia quelen. The effectiveness of eugenol and of the methanolic extract (ME) of C. buxifolia during the transport of this species was also assessed. Fish of two different weights (1.50±0.02 g and 165.70±22.50 g) were transferred to aquaria containing water with the C. buxifolia ME or with fractions obtained from the ME, such as the n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, n-butane and aqueous fractions, at concentrations from 0-300 °L L-1. The C. buxifolia ME in the 0.5-120 °L L-1range caused only light sedation, and the fractions did not have an effect on the fish. In the second experiment, another group of fish was transported for 12 h in 15 plastic bags. The fish were divided into five groups: control, 1 or 2.5 °L L-1 eugenol and 25 or 50 °L L-1C. buxifolia ME. The non-ionized ammonia levels were lower at the end of transport in the groups with the compounds than in that with water alone. Moreover, both compounds decreased the Na+, Cl-, and K+ net effluxes; therefore, their addition to the water during transport is advisable because they reduce fish mortality and ion loss.

Fish anesthesia: effects of the essential oils of Hesperozygis ringens and Lippia alba on the biochemistry and physiology of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen)

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cândida Toni ◽  
Alexssandro Geferson Becker ◽  
Larissa Novaes Simões ◽  
Carlos Garrido Pinheiro ◽  
Lenise de Lima Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Silver Catfish ◽  
Lippia Alba ◽  
Rhamdia Quelen

scholarly journals Effects of anesthetic tricaine on stress and reproductive aspects of South American silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) male

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalia dos Santos Teixeira ◽  
Lis Santos Marques ◽  
Rômulo Batista Rodrigues ◽  
Darlan Gusso ◽  
Ana Amélia Nunes Fossati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Induction Time ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Anesthesia Induction ◽  
South American ◽  
Silver Catfish ◽  
Rhamdia Quelen ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Motility Rate

AbstractAnesthesia is a common practice used in fish research and aquaculture. For both applications, it is important to understand anesthetics effects on the animal and tissues of interest to ensure the validity of data and to improve animal welfare. Captive fish production is only possible with artificial reproduction, and it is known that manipulation is a stressor stimulus in fish. The most common method of determining fish stress responses is measuring the circulating level of cortisol. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of different concentrations (100, 200, and 300 mg L-1) of the anesthetic tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) on cortisol levels and their influence on the sperm quality maintenance in Rhamdia quelen. After hormonal induction, 28 sexually mature males (average weight = 363.00 ± 71.24 g) were randomly distributed among treatments, and their semen and blood samples were collected. Anesthesia induction time, motility rate, sperm concentration and morphology, plasma cortisol levels, and reproductive hormones concentrations (testosterone, 17-α-hydroxyprogesterone, and estradiol) were evaluated. Anesthesia with 100 mg L-1 MS-222 presented a longer induction time than that with 200 and 300 mg L-1 MS-222. Sperm motility rate was significantly higher in the control than in the 300 mg L-1 treatment but did not differ among the control, 100, and 200 mg L-1 treatments. Estradiol level was significantly higher in non-anesthetized than in anesthetized fish, but plasma cortisol levels did not differ significantly between treatments (182.50 ± 42.03 ng mL-1). MS-222 anesthetizes fish by blocking the sodium channels, preventing the development of nerve action potentials. However, MS222 at concentrations of 100, 200, and 300 mg L-1 did not prevent stress in South American silver catfish males. In addition, its use did not maintain sperm quality, as it impaired motility and decreased levels of plasma estradiol.

scholarly journals Ion fluxes in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) juveniles exposed to different dissolved oxygen levels

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Link de Rosso ◽  
Keidi C. S. Bolner ◽  
Bernardo Baldisserotto
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Ion Fluxes ◽  
Phytoplankton Blooms ◽  
Silver Catfish ◽  
Oxygen Levels ◽  
Rhamdia Quelen ◽  
Series Of Experiments

Low dissolved oxygen levels in the water (hypoxia) can be provoked by oxygen consumption by fish and other organisms, organic matter decomposition, phytoplankton blooms, and temperature increase. The objective of the present study was to investigate Na+, Cl-, K+, and ammonia fluxes in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) exposed to different dissolved oxygen levels. Juveniles (9 ± 1g) maintained at 6.0 mg.L-1 dissolved oxygen were transferred to four 40 L aquaria with different dissolved oxygen levels (in mg.L-1): 6.0, 4.5, 3.5, and 2.5. In another series of experiments, juveniles were acclimated at 6.0 or 2.5 mg.L-1 dissolved oxygen levels, and then placed in two 40 L aquaria with 6.0 mg.L-1 dissolved oxygen. For both series of experiments, 1, 24, 48 or 120 h after transference juveniles were placed in individual chambers of 200 mL (with the same dissolved oxygen levels of their respective aquaria) for 3 h. Water samples were collected for analysis of Na+, Cl-, K+, and ammonia levels. The obtained results allow concluding that exposure to 2.5 mg.L-1 dissolved oxygen levels promotes loss of ions and lower ammonia excretion in silver catfish juveniles, but these losses are rapidly stabilized for Na+ and Cl-. Exposure to less hypoxic levels also changes ion fluxes and ammonia excretion, but there is no clear relationship between both parameters in this species. Therefore, silver catfish osmoregulation seems to be affected when this species is transferred from normoxic to hypoxic waters and vice-versa.

scholarly journals Net ion fluxes and ammonia excretion during transport of Rhamdia quelen juveniles

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1854-1858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano de Oliveira Garcia ◽  
Leonardo José Gil Barcellos ◽  
Bernardo Baldisserotto
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Ion Fluxes ◽  
Water Parameters ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Silver Catfish ◽  
Ammonia Accumulation ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Rhamdia Quelen

The objective of this study was to verify net ion fluxes and ammonia excretion in silver catfish transported in plastic bags at three different loading densities: 221, 286 and 365g L-1 for 5h. A water sample was collected at the beginning and at the end of the transport for analysis of water parameters. There was a significant positive relationship between net ion effluxes and negative relationship between ammonia excretion and loading density, demonstrated by the following equations: Na+: y-24.5-0.27x, r2=0.99, Cl-: y=40.2-0.61x, r2=0.98, K+: y=8.0-27.6x, r2=0.94; ammonia excretion: y=-11.43+0.017x, r2=0.95, where y: net ion flux (mmol kg-1 h-1) or ammonia excretion (mg kg-1 h-1) and x: loading density (g). Therefore, the increase of loading density increases net ion loss, but reduces ammonia excretion during the transport of silver catfish, indicating the possibility of ammonia accumulation

scholarly journals Anesthetic activity of Brazilian native plants in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen)

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenise de Lima Silva ◽  
Daniela Thomas da Silva ◽  
Quelen Iane Garlet ◽  
Mauro Alves Cunha ◽  
Carlos Augusto Mallmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Anesthetic Activity ◽  
Caryophyllene Oxide ◽  
Silver Catfish ◽  
Rhamdia Quelen ◽  
Increasing Demand

There is an increasing demand for inexpensive and safe anesthetics that can reduce fish stress caused by some procedures such as capture and handling. In this context, the present study evaluated the potential of essential oils (EO) of three Brazilian native plants (Hesperozygis ringens, Lippia sidoides and Ocotea acutifolia) as anesthetics for the silver catfish - Rhamdia quelen. Moreover, an analysis was made of the chemical composition of these oils and their influence on stress parameter. EO of H. ringens and O. acutifolia were effective as anesthetics, without behavioral side effects. EO of O. acutifolia (150 µL L-1) promoted an increase in blood glucose level. Regarding to the composition, pulegone accounts for 96.63% of the EO of H. ringens, and caryophyllene oxide amounts to 56.90% of the EO of O. acutifolia. Two chemotypes, thymol and carvacrol (68.40% and 67.89%, respectively) were verified for EO of L. sidoides. Both samples of EO of L. sidoides showed anesthetic activity in silver catfish, but exposure also caused loss of mucus and mortality. Thus, only the EO of H. ringens and O. acutifolia are advised for anesthetic use

scholarly journals Biochemical parameters of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) after transport with eugenol or essential oil of Lippia alba added to the water

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 696-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Salbego ◽  
C. Toni ◽  
A. G. Becker ◽  
C. C. Zeppenfeld ◽  
C. C. Menezes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Silver Catfish ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Lippia Alba ◽  
Rhamdia Quelen

Abstract The transport of live fish is a routine practice in aquaculture and constitutes a considerable source of stress to the animals. The addition of anesthetic to the water used for fish transport can prevent or mitigate the deleterious effects of transport stress. This study investigated the effects of the addition of eugenol (EUG) (1.5 or 3.0 µL L–1) and essential oil of Lippia alba (EOL) (10 or 20 µL L–1) on metabolic parameters (glycogen, lactate and total protein levels) in liver and muscle, acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) in muscle and brain, and the levels of protein carbonyl (PC), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and nonprotein thiol groups (NPSH) and activity of glutathione-S-transferase in the liver of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen; Quoy and Gaimard, 1824) transported for four hours in plastic bags (loading density of 169.2 g L–1). The addition of various concentrations of EUG (1.5 or 3.0 µL L–1) and EOL (10 or 20 µL L–1) to the transport water is advisable for the transportation of silver catfish, since both concentrations of these substances increased the levels of NPSH antioxidant and decreased the TBARS levels in the liver. In addition, the lower liver levels of glycogen and lactate in these groups and lower AChE activity in the brain (EOL 10 or 20 µL L–1) compared to the control group indicate that the energetic metabolism and neurotransmission were lower after administration of anesthetics, contributing to the maintenance of homeostasis and sedation status.

scholarly journals Ventilatory frequency and anesthetic efficacy in silver catfish, Rhamdia quelen: a comparative approach between different essential oils

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Janaína Becker ◽  
Carine de Oliveira Fogliarini ◽  
Carine de Freitas Souza ◽  
Alexssandro Geferson Becker ◽  
Rosa Helena Veras Mourão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Silver Catfish ◽  
Ventilatory Frequency ◽  
Rhamdia Quelen

scholarly journals Effects of surgically implanted dummy transmitters on the South American catfish Jundiá (Rhamdia quelen)

2003 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. H. Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
High Water ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rhamdia Quelen ◽  
Group Water ◽  
Radio Transmitters ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

High water temperatures and low water quality may negatively influence wound healing, growth and transmitter retention in radio-tagged fish of tropical and subtropical water bodies which in turn may hamper radio tracking studies. For a period of 90 days, we compared growth of an experimental group of ten Rhamdia quelen, which were submitted to intraperitoneal dummy transmitter implantation, with that of a control group. Additionally, wound healing and transmitter expulsion were observed in the experimental group. Water temperature varied between 24°C and 30°C during the study. Experimental group and control fish decreased in body weight during the investigation period, but the differences between the mean individual weight loss in both groups were not significant (Student t-test, p = 0.64). Wound healing in experiment group fish was advanced after 14 days, while after 70 days eight out of ten incision wounds were closed and cicatrized. One fish had its dummy transmitter expulsed through the ventral body wall. After 90 days two more fish had the dummies expulsed, one through the ventral body wall and the other through the antenna exit. One experimental group fish died with visible signs of infection. The results encourage the use of surgically implanted radio transmitters for long-term tagging studies at high water temperatures.

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