scholarly journals AGRONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS AND GRAIN YIELD OF SORGHUM AND MAIZE HYBRIDS GROWN WITH DIFFERENT SOWING TIMES1

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 780-790
Author(s):  
PAULO VINICIUS DEMENECK VIEIRA ◽  
PAULO SÉRGIO LOURENÇO DE FREITAS ◽  
ANDRÉ LUIZ BISCAIA RIBEIRO DA SILVA ◽  
ANA CLAUDIA SOSSAI SOUZA ◽  
JULIANA MARQUES VORONIAK
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Agronomic Characteristics ◽  
West Region ◽  
Spikelets Per Panicle ◽  
Grown Plant

ABSTRACT Sorghum is a commonly grown plant in the Central-West region of Brazil as a second crop; however, it is grown almost exclusively as a second crop after maize in the state of Paraná (South region). The growth of sorghum crops is an option for areas or times in which the growth of maize crops can be risky. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic characteristics of eight sorghum hybrids (ADV-123, ADV-114, 1G100, 50A10, 1G244, 50A40, 50A50, and 1G282) grown in three sowing times in two agricultural years: 2014 (February 20, March 02, and March 03) and 2015 (February 09, February 19, and March 01), and four maize hybrids in 2014 (DKB-330-Pro, P-3431-HX, Formula-TL, and AG-9010-Pro) and five maize hybrids in 2015 (DKB-330-Pro, P-3431-HX, Formula-TL, DKB-275-Pro, and DKB-290-Pro), in the same sowing times used for sorghum. A randomized complete block experimental design with a split-plot factorial arrangement was used, with the sowing times in the plots and the hybrids in the sub-plots. The variables evaluated were: number of days from sowing to flowering, leaf area index, 1,000-grain weight, grain yield, number of spikelets per panicle, for the sorghum crop; and number of rows per ear and number of grains per row, for the maize crop. The comparison between the two crops showed that the sorghum maintained higher production stability in the different sowing times.

IMPLANTATION SYSTEMS AND SURFACE IRRIGATION FOR MAIZE CROP IN LOWLAND AREAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
ELISA DE ALMEIDA GOLLO ◽  
ADROALDO DIAS ROBAINA ◽  
MARCIA XAVIER PEITER ◽  
ENIO MARCHESAN ◽  
ROBSON GIACOMELI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Surface Irrigation ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Lowland Area ◽  
Santa Maria

The raised seedbed implantation system and the use of surfaceirrigation can be important practices to enable rotation with rice and ensure theexpression of the productive potential of maize in lowland areas. The purpose ofthis work was to evaluate the use of implantation systems and surface irrigationon agronomic characteristics and grain yield of maize crop in lowland areas.Two experiments were conducted in the experimental lowland area of theFederal University of Santa Maria – UFSM, during the 2014/15 crop season.The experiments consisted in the use of implantation systems with and withoutraised seedbeds and surface irrigation. The evaluated characteristics were plantheight, shoot dry mass, leaf area index, yield components and grain yield. Plantheight, leaf area index and shoot dry mass are higher when maize is grown inraised seedbeds in lowland areas. The raised seedbed system can be consideredan efficient way to improve drainage in the cultivation area, resulting in a highergrain yield. The use of irrigation during periods of water deficit, in the criticalperiod of crop growth, increases the grain yield of maize grown in lowland areas.

scholarly journals IMPLANTATION SYSTEMS AND SURFACE IRRIGATION FOR MAIZE CROP IN LOWLAND AREAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
ELISA DE ALMEIDA GOLLO ◽  
ADROALDO DIAS ROBAINA ◽  
MARCIA XAVIER PEITER ◽  
ENIO MARCHESAN ◽  
ROBSON GIACOMELI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Surface Irrigation ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Lowland Area

The raised seedbed implantation system and the use of surfaceirrigation can be important practices to enable rotation with rice and ensure the expression of the productive potential of maize in lowland areas. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the use of implantation systems and surface irrigation on agronomic characteristics and grain yield of maize crop in lowland areas. Two experiments were conducted in the experimental lowland area of the Federal University of Santa Maria – UFSM, during the 2014/15 crop season. The experiments consisted in the use of implantation systems with and without raised seedbeds and surface irrigation. The evaluated characteristics were plant height, shoot dry mass, leaf area index, yield components and grain yield. Plant height, leaf area index and shoot dry mass are higher when maize is grown in raised seedbeds in lowland areas. The raised seedbed system can be considered an efficient way to improve drainage in the cultivation area, resulting in a higher grain yield. The use of irrigation during periods of water deficit, in the critical period of crop growth, increases the grain yield of maize grown in lowland areas.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF CERES-MAIZE MODEL FOR HYBRID MAIZE (Zea mays L.) PRODUCTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-110
Author(s):  
Amied Ali ◽  
Bashrat Ali
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Hybrid Maize ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Plot Design

The trial was conducted at Agronomic Research farm, University of Sargodha during spring growing season, 2015, to calibrate and evaluate CERES-Maize model for simulating the impact of different sowing time on maize crop. The experiment was laid out in split plot design having three replications, keeping planting dates (25th Feb, 6thMar and 14thMar) in main plots and hybrids i.e. (DK-9108, DK-6525 and DK-6142) in the sub plots. The Calibration of CSM-CERES-Maize model showed the best possible closeness between simulated and observed days to flowering and physiological maturity, leaf area index (LAI), Total dry matter (TDM), and grain yield with % error of 4.0, -1.5, 0.41, 0.07, 0.14 and 0.3% , respectively, when maize hybrid H1 (DK- 6142) was sown at firstsowing date (25th Feb). DSSAT,CERES- Maize model predicted the phenological traits like anthesis and maturity phase. Number of days to anthesis and maturity simulated by model were lesser to the observed values, where as, simulated grain yield was higher as compared to observed data for all the three cultivars. Model calculated the close similarity between experimental and computer-generated values for leaf area index.

scholarly journals Lodging Resistance and Yield Performance of Two Traditional Rice Varieties Applied with Nitrogen and Paclobutrazol

2016 ◽  
pp. 106-129
Author(s):  
Ariel Mactal ◽  
Justo Canare
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Spikelets Per Panicle ◽  
Traditional Rice

Vulnerability of rice growing areas to strong typhoons coupled by the susceptibility of traditional rice varieties to lodging lead to low yield and poor quality of harvested rice. To address these problems, two experiments using factorial in Randomized Complete Block Design were conducted during the wet season to determine the effects of paclobutrazol and nitrogen on the lodging resistance, agro-morphological characteristics and yield performance of two traditional rice varieties Elon-elon and Palawan Red. Application of increasing concentration of paclobutrazol did not significantly affect the percentage filled spikelets per panicle, number of spikelets per panicle, weight of 1000 grains, dry matter yield, harvest index and grain yield. At all concentrations of paclobutrazol, Palawan red had the longest first and fourth internodes, more unfilled spikelets per panicle, heavier 1000 grains weight and higher leaf area index than Elonelon. On the other hand, smaller stem diameter, more productive tillers per hill and longer panicles were obtained from Elon-elon than Palawan red. Elon-elon applied with increasing rates of nitrogen in combination with 500 ppm paclobutrazol had bigger stem diameter, higher productive tillers per hill, higher number of filled spikelets per panicle, higher percentage filled spikelets per panicle, longer panicles, higher harvest index and higher grain yield than Palawan red. Apparently, Palawan red had longer first, second and third internodes, more unfilled spikelets per panicle, heavier 1000 grain weight and higher leaf area index than Elon-elon. Applications of 30 and 60 kg N per ha had significantly higher lodging index than the untreated plants. Harvest index and grain yield were lowest in plants applied with 30 and 60 kg N per ha, attributable to high lodging index. Paclobutrazol is effective in shortening the length of the lower internodes and inhibits stem elongation resulting to shorter plants with increased lodging resistance. This ultimately produced higher yield than those plants that lodged. Culm strength was reduced by high rates of nitrogen causing significant increase in lodging index. The time of lodging is crucial in predicting the yield performance of the plants. Early lodging resulted to huge reduction in yield while it has little or no effect on yield when it occurs at later stages of the rice crop.

scholarly journals Single-cross performance in off-season in function of urea sources on side-dressing fertilization

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
GABRIEL WIEST ◽  
CASSIANO SPAZIANI PEREIRA ◽  
IVAN VILELA ANDRADE FIORINI ◽  
MATEUS EMANUEL SCHOFFEN ◽  
HELCIO DUARTE PEREIRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Urease Inhibitor ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Single Cross

Nitrogen is the most required element by the maize crop and suffers the greatest losses due to its inappropriate management, mainly when the urea is used as a source of nitrogen. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of urea sources, with or without urease inhibitor, in sidedress fertilization of commercial single-cross in off-season in Sinop/MT. The experimental design was completely randomized blocks, in factorial scheme 3 x 5, with 3 replications. The first factorwas three side-dress fertilization: witness (without fertilizer); fertilization with 250 kg ha-1 of urea and fertilization with 250 kg ha-1 of urea in the presence of urease inhibitor (UREMAX®) NBPT. The second factor was five single-crosses: 2B433, DKB255, DKB335, NS45, and SYN522. Vegetative development and yield characteristics were evaluated. The Nitrogen sources did not affect the plant height, stem diameter, and foliar area index, only the chlorophyll content in the leaves. For the yieldcomponents, there is an effect of fertilization on the number of grain rows and grain yield. The singlecrosses differ among them in vegetative development and yield characteristics. The Nitrogen in sidedress, in the conditions of this study, using the urea with urease inhibitor, increased the fertilization efficiency and raised the grain yield. The single-crosses DKB 255, 2B433, and SYN 522, with the treatment based on UREMAX®, reached the highest yield.

scholarly journals Optimizing Grain Yield and Water Use Efficiency Based on the Relationship between Leaf Area Index and Evapotranspiration

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 313
Author(s):  
Guoqiang Zhang ◽  
Bo Ming ◽  
Dongping Shen ◽  
Ruizhi Xie ◽  
Peng Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Irrigation Level ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Relationship

Achieving optimal balance between maize yield and water use efficiency is an important challenge for irrigation maize production in arid areas. In this study, we conducted an experiment in Xinjiang China in 2016 and 2017 to quantify the response of maize yield and water use to plant density and irrigation schedules. The treatments included four irrigation levels: 360 (W1), 480 (W2), 600 (W3), and 720 mm (W4), and five plant densities: 7.5 (D1), 9.0 (D2), 10.5 (D3), 12.0 (D4), and 13.5 plants m−2 (D5). The results showed that increasing the plant density and the irrigation level could both significantly increase the leaf area index (LAI). However, LAI expansion significantly increased evapotranspiration (ETa) under irrigation. The combination of irrigation level 600 mm (W3) and plant density 12.0 plants m−2 (D4) produced the highest maize yield (21.0–21.2 t ha−1), ETa (784.1–797.8 mm), and water use efficiency (WUE) (2.64–2.70 kg m−3), with an LAI of 8.5–8.7 at the silking stage. The relationship between LAI and grain yield and evapotranspiration were quantified, and, based on this, the relationship between water use and maize productivity was analyzed. Moreover, the optimal LAI was established to determine the reasonable irrigation level and coordinate the relationship between the increase in grain yield and the decrease in water use efficiency.

scholarly journals Effect of sowing time on growth and yield attributes of three mustard cultivars grown in Tidal Floodplain of Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
MAR Sharif ◽  
MZ Haque ◽  
MHK Howlader ◽  
MJ Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Index Number ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

The experiment was conducted at the field laboratory of the Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh during the period from November, 2011 to March 2012 under the tidal Floodplain region to find out optimum sowing time for the selected three cultivars (BARI Sharisha-15, BINA Sharisha-5 and BARI Sharisha-9). There were four sowing dates viz. 30 November, 15 December, 30 December and 15 January. Significant variations due to different sowing dates were observed in plant height, total dry matter, leaf area index, number of siliqua plant-1, seeds silique-1, 1000-grain weight, grain yield and HI. Results showed that the highest grain yield (1.73 t ha-1) was obtained from the first sowing (30 November) with BINA Sharisha-5 and it was significantly different from the yields of all other combination.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 14(2): 155-160, December 2016

Effects of Planting Density on Leaf Area and Productivity of Two Maize Cultivars in Nigeria

1982 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. U. Remison ◽  
E. O. Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Maize Cultivars

SUMMARYTwo maize cvs, FARZ 23 and FARZ 25, were grown at three densities (37,000, 53,000 and 80,000 plants/ha) in 1979 and 1980. Leaf area index (LAI) increased with increase in plant population and was at a maximum at mid-silk. Grain yield was highest at 53,000 plants/ha. There was no relation between LAI and grain yield but there was a positive correlation between LAI and total dry matter yield.

scholarly journals Agronomic parameters and morpho-agronomic characteristics of genetically modified maize hybrids compared to conventional maize hybrids

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Nogueira Ramos ◽  
Nara Oliveira Silva Souza ◽  
Michelle Souza Vilela
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Central Lines ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Agronomic Characteristics ◽  
Bt Genes ◽  
Midwest Region ◽  
Bt Gene

The objectives were to study the behavior of fifteen pre-commercial upland maize hybrids, analyze their agronomic performance regarding grain yield, and evaluate productivity components, as well as morpho-agronomic characteristics, in the Midwest Region of Brazil. Two experiments were conducted in the municipalities of Formosa-GO and Planaltina-DF, 2016/17 crop year. Both consisted of five pre-commercial maize hybrid platforms (HPA252, HPB262, HPB621, HPB646, and HPD354). Each platform consisted of three different versions: conventional, transgenic with a Bt gene that expresses the protein Cry1F, and transgenic with two Bt genes that express the proteins Cry1F and Cry1AB. The experiment was randomized blocks with four replications. The experimental plot was four lines five meters long considering the two central lines as useful. The lines were spaced 0.75 meters apart, and the final density was five plants per linear meter. To estimate grain yield, the plots were harvested, and the weight was extrapolated to kg.ha-1. The moisture was standardized at 14%. Data were submitted to analysis of variance, and the means were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability using the Sisvar software. Grain yield between treatments ranged from 8,381 to 12,908 kg.ha-1, and the average yield was 11,234 kg.ha-1. The parameters evaluated were divided into two groups. The first group contained parameters determining grain yield: grain depth, thousand grains weight, number of rows of grains, number of grains per row, and grain yield. The second group contained morpho-agronomic parameters that directly interfere with resistance to lodging and plant breaking: plant height, ear insertion height, and mean stem diameter. There was no direct effect of the transgenes on the evaluated hybrids since the classification of productivity was not divided into conventional and transgenic classes. It is suggested that the HPA252YH, HP621H and HP646H versions be discarded because grain yield performance was unsatisfactory compared to their respective conventional and transgenic counterparts. The parameters GD and W1000 are more effective for grain yield estimation than NR and NG. It was observed for HP621H that, in addition to a lower grain yield, there was a significant reduction in stem diameter, indicating a possible reduction in lodging tolerance and/or plant breaking when exposed to adverse climatic conditions such as windstorms. For the HPD354H version, the release of the transgenic counterpart HPD354YH is preferentially indicated since the H version had a significant reduction in stem diameter and a possible greater tolerance to lodging and/or plant breaking under the same conditions.  

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