IL-6 and IL-10 levels in the umbilical cord blood of newborns with a history of crack/cocaine exposure in utero: a comparative study

Introduction Prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) is associated with neurobehavioral problems during childhood and adolescence. Early activation of the inflammatory response may contribute to such changes. Our aim was to compare inflammatory markers (IL-6 and IL-10) both in umbilical cord blood and in maternal peripheral blood at delivery between newborns with history of crack/cocaine exposure in utero and non-exposed newborns. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 57 newborns with a history of crack/cocaine exposure in utero (EN) and 99 non-exposed newborns (NEN) were compared for IL-6 and IL-10 levels. Sociodemographic and perinatal data, maternal psychopathology, consumption of nicotine and other substances were systematically collected in cases and controls. Results After adjusting for potential confounders, mean IL-6 was significantly higher in EN than in NEN (10,208.54, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1,328.54-19,088.55 vs. 2,323.03, 95%CI 1,484.64-3,161.21; p = 0.007; generalized linear model [GLM]). Mean IL-10 was also significantly higher in EN than in NEN (432.22, 95%CI 51.44-812.88 vs. 75.52, 95%CI 5.64-145.39, p = 0.014; GLM). Adjusted postpartum measures of IL-6 were significantly higher in mothers with a history of crack/cocaine use (25,160.05, 95%CI 10,958.15-39,361.99 vs. 8,902.14, 95%CI 5,774.97-12,029.32; p = 0.007; GLM), with no significant differences for IL-10. There was no correlation between maternal and neonatal cytokine levels (Spearman test, p ≥ 0.28 for all measures). Conclusions IL-6 and IL-10 might be early biomarkers of PCE in newborns. These findings could help to elucidate neurobiological pathways underlying neurodevelopmental changes and broaden the range of possibilities for early intervention.

Download Full-text

Oxytocin Receptor Exon III Methylation in the Umbilical Cord Blood of Newborns With Prenatal Exposure to Crack Cocaine

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology ◽

10.3389/fcell.2021.639287 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Talita Baptista ◽

Lucas Araújo de Azeredo ◽

Aline Zaparte ◽

Thiago Wendt Viola ◽

Sayra Catalina Coral ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Methylation ◽

Cord Blood ◽

Umbilical Cord ◽

Umbilical Cord Blood ◽

Crack Cocaine ◽

Oxytocin Receptor ◽

Cocaine Exposure ◽

Cocaine Use ◽

Addiction Severity ◽

History Of

BackgroundPrenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) is associated with behavioral, cognitive, and social consequences in children that might persist into later development. However, there are still few data concerning epigenetic mechanisms associated with the effects of gestational cocaine exposure, particularly in human newborns.AimsWe investigated the effects of PCE on DNA methylation patterns of the Oxytocin Receptor (OXTR) gene in the umbilical cord blood (UCB). The relationship between UCB DNA methylation levels and the severity of the mother’s cocaine use during pregnancy was also evaluated.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 28 UCB samples of newborns with a history of crack cocaine exposure in utero and 30 UCB samples of non-exposed newborns (NEC) were compared for DNA methylation levels at two genomic loci located in exon III of the OXTR gene (OXTR1 and OXTR2) through pyrosequencing. Maternal psychopathology was investigated using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, and substance use characteristics and addiction severity were assessed using the Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST).ResultsNo differences between newborns with a history of PCE and NEC were observed in OXTR1 or OXTR2 DNA methylation levels. However, regression analyses showed that maternal addiction severity for crack cocaine use predicted OXTR1 DNA methylation in newborns.ConclusionThese data suggest that OXTR methylation levels in the UCB of children are affected by the severity of maternal crack cocaine usage. Larger studies are likely to detect specific changes in DNA methylation relevant to the consequences of PCE.

Download Full-text

Transcriptional Activity of Human Endogenous Retroviruses in Response to Prenatal Exposure of Maternal Cigarette Smoking

American Journal of Perinatology ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1675768 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (10) ◽

pp. 1060-1065 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Massimiliano Bergallo ◽

Ilaria Galliano ◽

Valentina Daprà ◽

Alice Pirra ◽

Paola Montanari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Methylation ◽

Cord Blood ◽

Umbilical Cord ◽

Umbilical Cord Blood ◽

Tobacco Smoke ◽

Transcriptional Activity ◽

In Utero ◽

Endogenous Retroviruses ◽

Human Endogenous Retrovirus ◽

Human Umbilical Cord

Objective Transcription of human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) elements is usually suppressed by epigenetic factors such as DNA methylation and heterochromatin silencing by histone modifications. There is an association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and DNA methylation levels in placental tissue and in DNA from cord blood. Study Design We assessed the transcriptional activity of HERV-H, HERV-K, and HERV-W in umbilical cord blood from 47 term babies unexposed to tobacco smoke in utero and 23 term babies exposed to tobacco smoke in utero. Results In our population, the HERV-H, HERV-K, and HERV-W families were always transcriptionally active, and the levels of all HERVs (H, K, W) were significantly higher in unexposed than smoke-exposed babies. Conclusion This study provides preliminary information about the transcriptional activity of HERV-H, HERV-K, and HERV-W families in human umbilical cord blood.

Download Full-text

The vitamin D level in umbilical cord blood in premature infants with or without intra-ventricular hemorrhage: A cross-sectional study

International Journal of Reproductive BioMedicine ◽

10.29252/ijrm.16.7.429 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (7) ◽

pp. 429-434 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hassan Boskabadi ◽

Maryam Zakerihamidi ◽

Raheleh Faramarzi ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Cord Blood ◽

Umbilical Cord ◽

Premature Infants ◽

Umbilical Cord Blood ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Ventricular Hemorrhage

Download Full-text

Correlation between maternal and umbilical cord blood in pregnant women of Pokhara Valley: a cross sectional study

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/s12884-018-1697-1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sameer Timilsina ◽

Sirisa Karki ◽

Aajeevan Gautam ◽

Pujan Bhusal ◽

Gita Paudel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cord Blood ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Umbilical Cord ◽

Umbilical Cord Blood ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pokhara Valley

Download Full-text

Maternal and umbilical cord blood levels of mercury, manganese, iron, and copper in southern Taiwan: A cross-sectional study

Journal of the Chinese Medical Association ◽

10.1016/j.jcma.2016.06.007 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 80 (7) ◽

pp. 442-451 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Shih-Hui Huang ◽

Ken-Pen Weng ◽

Ching-Chiang Lin ◽

Chung-Cheng Wang ◽

Charles Tzu-Chi Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cord Blood ◽

Umbilical Cord ◽

Umbilical Cord Blood ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Blood Levels ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Southern Taiwan

Download Full-text

Factors affecting umbilical cord blood stem cell suitability for transplantation in an in utero collection program

Transfusion ◽

10.1111/trf.12340 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 54 (3) ◽

pp. 545-549 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Christine L. Keersmaekers ◽

Brian A. Mason ◽

Jan Keersmaekers ◽

Matthew Ponzini ◽

Ryan A. Mlynarek

Keyword(s):

Stem Cell ◽

Cord Blood ◽

Umbilical Cord ◽

Umbilical Cord Blood ◽

In Utero ◽

Blood Stem Cell ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Cord Blood Stem Cell ◽

Collection Program

Download Full-text

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnancy Increased Erythropoietin Level Affecting Differentiation Potency of Haematopoietic Stem Cell of Umbilical Cord Blood

Frontiers in Medicine ◽

10.3389/fmed.2021.727179 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Mohd Razif Mohd Idris ◽

Fazlina Nordin ◽

Zaleha Abdullah Mahdy ◽

S. Fadilah Abd Wahid

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Cord Blood ◽

Umbilical Cord ◽

Umbilical Cord Blood ◽

In Utero ◽

Haematopoietic Stem Cell ◽

Control Group

Background: The in utero environment has many factors that can support cell differentiation. Cytokines, chemokines and growth factors play big roles in haematopoietic mechanisms. Some diseases like gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) might affect the environment and haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) quality. The aim of this study is to investigate the adverse effects of GDM on umbilical cord blood (UCB) HSC in terms of differentiation potency including the UCB parameters used for banking and transplantation purposes.Methods: UCB-HSC was collected from 42 GDM and 38 normal pregnancies. UCB-HSC was isolated and further enriched using immuno-magnetic separation beads (MACS). The UCB-HSC were cultured in methylcellulose media to investigate the differentiation potency. The level of erythropoietin (EPO) and insulin in the UCB plasma was measured using enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) technique.Result: The UCB parameters; volume, total nucleated count (TNC) and total CD34+ cells were significantly reduced in the GDM group compared to the control group. The number of HSC progenitors' colonies were significantly reduced in the GDM group except for progenitor BFU-E, which was significantly increased (GDM = 94.19 ± 6.21, Control = 73.61 ± 2.73, p = 0.010). This data was associated with higher EPO level in GDM group. However, the insulin level in the GDM group was comparable to the Control group.Conclusion: Our results suggest that the changes in the in utero environment due to abnormalities during pregnancy such as GDM might affect the differentiation potency of UCB-HSC. These findings can be considered as an additional parameter for the inclusion and exclusion criteria for UCB banking, particularly for mothers with GDM.

Download Full-text

Gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnancy increased erythropoietin level affecting differentiation potency of haematopoietic stem cell of umbilical cord blood

10.21203/rs.3.rs-40849/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mohd Razif Mohd Idris ◽

Fazlina Nordin ◽

Zaleha Abdullah Mahdy ◽

S Fadilah Abd Wahid

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Cord Blood ◽

Umbilical Cord ◽

Umbilical Cord Blood ◽

In Utero ◽

Haematopoietic Stem Cell ◽

Control Group

Abstract Background The in utero environment has many factors that can support cell differentiation. Cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors play big roles in haematopoietic mechanisms. Some diseases like gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) might affect the environment and quality of haematopoietic stem cell (HSC). This study aims to investigate the adverse effects of GDM on umbilical cord blood (UCB) HSC regarding its differentiation potency, including the UCB parameters used for banking and transplantation purposes. Methods UCB-HSC was collected from 42 GDM and 38 normal pregnancies. UCB-HSC was isolated and further enriched using immuno-magnetic separation beads (MACS). The UCB-HSC were cultured in methylcellulose media to investigate the differentiation potency. The level of erythropoietin (EPO) and insulin in the UCB plasma was measured using enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) technique. Results The UCB parameters, i.e., volume, total nucleated count (TNC), and total CD34+ cells, were significantly reduced in the GDM group compared to the control group. The number of HSC progenitor colonies was significantly reduced in the GDM group, except for progenitor BFU-E, which was significantly increased (GDM = 94.19 ± 6.21, Control = 73.61 ± 2.73, p = 0.010). This data was associated with a higher EPO level in the GDM group. However, the insulin level in the GDM group was comparable to the control group. Conclusion Our results suggest that the changes in the in utero environment due to abnormalities during pregnancy, such as GDM might affect the differentiation potency of UCB-HSC. These findings can be considered as an additional parameter for the inclusion and exclusion criteria for UCB banking, particularly for mothers with GDM.

Download Full-text