scholarly journals Subsistence hunting of Cuniculus pacain the middle of the Solimões River, Amazonas, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 560-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Valsecchi ◽  
HR El Bizri ◽  
JEC Figueira
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Lunar Cycle ◽  
Illumination Level ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Subsistence Hunting ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Preferred Species ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Solimões River

Ungulates, large primates and caviomorfs are cited by Amazonian hunters as preferred species. In this research, paca (Cuniculus paca) hunting was investigated in relation to water levels and the lunar cycle. In eight years of monitoring in the Amanã Sustainable Development Reserve, the killing of 625 pacas was registered in five monitored communities. Paca hunting took place mainly at night and the most commonly used method is “spotlighting”. A positive correlation between the number of pacas killed and water level (rs=0.890; p<0.0001) was found. At least 37% of the pacas were hunted when moon illumination level was less than 10%, before moonrise or after moonset. In the Boa Esperança community, capture of paca tended to decrease on nights with high moon illumination (rs= −0.663; p=0.067). At the same time, an expressive catch-per-unity-effort decrease was also observed in this community (r2= −0.881; p<0.001), allowing us to predict unsustainable hunting levels for the next decade. The stock of animals in these areas could be continuously replaced if surrounding areas consisted of continuous forests. However, continuous hunting and deforestation force local hunters to travel longer distances to kill prey such as pacas. The confirmation of the relation between paca habits and lunar illumination and water level, a pattern described by local hunters, demonstrates the potential value of participatory research and the possibility of integrating traditional knowledge into scientific knowledge.

AUTOMATIC WATER LEVEL MONITORING WITH IOT AND LPWAN

2019 ◽  
pp. 95-103
Author(s):  
Krum Videnov ◽  
Vanya Stoykova
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Water Level Fluctuations ◽  
Level Monitoring ◽  
Water Level Monitoring

Monitoring water levels of lakes, streams, rivers and other water basins is of essential importance and is a popular measurement for a number of different industries and organisations. Remote water level monitoring helps to provide an early warning feature by sending advance alerts when the water level is increased (reaches a certain threshold). The purpose of this report is to present an affordable solution for measuring water levels in water sources using IoT and LPWAN. The assembled system enables recording of water level fluctuations in real time and storing the collected data on a remote database through LoRaWAN for further processing and analysis.

HISTÓRICO DO COMPRIMENTO TOTAL DE TAMBAQUI (Colossoma macropomum, CHARACIFORMES: CHARACIDAE, CUVIER, 1818) DESEMBARCADO NO MERCADO DE TEFÉ, AMAZONAS, BRASIL, COM NOVE RECOMENDAÇÕES PARA O MANEJO PESQUEIRO DA ESPÉCIE

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Iván Sánchez-Botero ◽  
Danielle Sequeira Garcez ◽  
Wesllen Chaves Cortezão
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Colossoma Macropomum ◽  
Pressure Diffusion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Efficient Mechanisms ◽  
Solimões River

This study evaluates the total length of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum ) captured in the middle Solimões river and traded during seven years (1993, 1997 and 2000 to 2005) in the Tefé market, Amazon, Brazil. The Mamirauá Institute of Sustainable Development obtained measurements of the total lengths from 42207 individuals. The length average was 45.23 ± 6.29 cm (minim um of 13 cm and maximum of 105.5 cm ) and the mode was 45 cm . From the total tambaquis, 92.86% were smaller than 55 cm and 7.14% measured 58.24 ± 5.41 cm on average. Medium and standard deviation of the lengths recorded in all years showed sizes below the established by the environmental federal agency. The Kruskal Wallis test showed that there is no significant difference between the abundances and medium sizes of the captures during all months of the year. The historical data of the tambaqui fisheries for the middle Solimões region indicate that individuals of this species have been constantly captured at sizes below the minim um length of reproduction. Nine recommendations for tambaquis fisheries management in the region related to more efficient mechanisms of inspection, auto-ecology studies of the species, environmental protection, reduction of fishery pressure, diffusion and educational cam paigns that aim to correct exploitation of this resource are presented in this manuscript.

FRUGIVORIA E DISPERSÃO DE SEMENTES POR PEIXES

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-18
Author(s):  
Luciane Lopes de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Main Species ◽  
Fishing Gears ◽  
Solimões River

Biotic or abiotic processes of seed dispersal are important for the maintenance of the diversity, and for the natural regeneration in tropical forests. Ichthyochory is one of the fundamental mechanisms for seed dispersal in flooded environments, as the “igapó” forests. A study on the ichthyochory of the igapós was conducted at Amanã Sustainable Development Reserve, in the middle Solimões river, from June 2002 to September 2004. Monthly samples of frugivorous fish were taken, with the main fishing gears used locally. Guts of 1,688 fish caught were examined. The main species were Myloplus rubripinnis (29.21%), Hemiodus immaculatus (18.96%),Colossoma macropom um (16.23%) and Mylossoma duriventre (16.05%). The diet was made of vegetables (fruits, leave and flowers), and animals (arthropods). 53.02% of all fish caught ingested fruits. The total number of intact seeds in the stomachs and intestines were 8,069 and 5,763 respectively. About 61.9% of the Brycon melanopterus (matrinchão), 46.34% of the Brycon amazonicus (mamuri) and 30.22% of M . rubripinnis (parum ) analysed had intact seeds in their guts. Seeds of Nectandra amazonum and Genipa spruceana ingested proved to be more viable than those non-ingested by fish. The high rates of frugivory, the presence of intact seeds in the guts of fish and the greater viability of ingested seeds all suggest that these animals are important seed dispersors in the “igapó” forests of Amanã Reserve.

ACERVO ETNOGRÁFICO: ASPECTOS DA CULTURA MATERIAL DAS COMUNIDADES RIBEIRINHAS DAS RESERVAS MAMIRAUÁ E AMANÃ

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Marília de Jesus Silva e Sousa ◽  
Rita de Cássia Domingues-Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Development Institute ◽  
River Region ◽  
New Models ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Solimões River

The ethnographical collection of Mamirauá Sustainable Development Institute under the responsibility of the Handcraft Program and formed by an assortment of artifacts and handcrafts from the Medium Solimões River region coming from the communities living inside Mamirauá and Amanã Sustainable Development Reserves and neighboring municipalities. The creation of this collection is relevant because the artifacts and handcrafts collect are identity marks of its producers, their regions, and are also used by the craftsmen themselves as reference in their assessments which aim to detect changes occurred in the objects after a certain period of time, specially in the processing of raw material and the comparison with new models relative to size and the different weaving types. The collection consists of 300 pieces organized as follow: pottery, weavers, strings, fabrics, wood implements and other materials. The objectives of this paper are:(i) Discuss the importance of the formation of an Ethnographical Collection in the Medium Solimões River; (ii) Present the methodology used to form and organize the assortment which integrates the collection; and (iii) Present the results of the work developed until now inside the Technical Reserve.

Interaction between water pressure in the basal drainage system and discharge from an Alpine glacier before and during a rainfall-induced subglacial hydrological event

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 288-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Barrett ◽  
David N. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Drainage Network ◽  
Alpine Glacier ◽  
Hydraulic Conditions ◽  
Borehole Water ◽  
Progressive Growth ◽  
Resultant Increase

Combined measurements of meltwater discharge from the portal and of water level in a borehole drilled to the bed of Findelengletscher, Switzerland, were obtained during the later part of the 1993 ablation season. A severe storm, lasting from 22 through 24 September, produced at least 130 mm of precipitation over the glacier, largely as rain. The combined hydrological records indicate periods during which the basal drainage system became constricted and water storage in the glacier increased, as well as phases of channel growth. During the storm, water pressure generally increased as water backed up in the drainage network. Abrupt, temporary falls in borehole water level were accompanied by pulses in portal discharge. On 24 September, whilst borehole water level continued to rise, water started to escape under pressure with a resultant increase in discharge. As the drainage network expanded, a large amount of debris was flushed from a wide area of the bed. Progressive growth in channel capacity as discharge increased enabled stored water to drain and borehole water level to fall rapidly. Possible relationships between observed borehole water levels and water pressures in subglacial channels are influenced by hydraulic conditions at the base of the hole, distance between the hole and a channel, and the nature of the substrate.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution of water level impact to back-barrier bays

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo L. Aretxabaleta ◽  
Neil K. Ganju ◽  
Zafer Defne ◽  
Richard P. Signell
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Barnegat Bay ◽  
Sea Level Fluctuations ◽  
Flooding Hazard ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Inlet Geometry ◽  
Spatial Estimates

Abstract. Water level in semi-enclosed bays, landward of barrier islands, is mainly driven by offshore sea level fluctuations that are modulated by bay geometry and bathymetry, causing spatial variability in the ensuing response (transfer). Local wind setup can have a secondary role that depends on wind speed, fetch, and relative orientation of the wind direction and the bay. Inlet geometry and bathymetry primarily regulate the magnitude of the transfer between open ocean and bay. Tides and short-period offshore oscillations are more damped in the bays than longer-lasting offshore fluctuations, such as storm surge and sea level rise. We compare observed and modeled water levels at stations in a mid-Atlantic bay (Barnegat Bay) with offshore water level proxies. Observed water levels in Barnegat Bay are compared and combined with model results from the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere–Wave–Sediment Transport (COAWST) modeling system to evaluate the spatial structure of the water level transfer. Analytical models based on the dimensional characteristics of the bay are used to combine the observed data and the numerical model results in a physically consistent approach. Model water level transfers match observed values at locations inside the Bay in the storm frequency band (transfers ranging from 70–100 %) and tidal frequencies (10–55 %). The contribution of frequency-dependent local setup caused by wind acting along the bay is also considered. The approach provides transfer estimates for locations inside the Bay where observations were not available resulting in a complete spatial characterization. The approach allows for the study of the Bay response to alternative forcing scenarios (landscape changes, future storms, and rising sea level). Detailed spatial estimates of water level transfer can inform decisions on inlet management and contribute to the assessment of current and future flooding hazard in back-barrier bays and along mainland shorelines.

scholarly journals The effects of ENSO, climate change and human activities on the water level of Lake Toba, Indonesia: a critical literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendri Irwandi ◽  
Mohammad Syamsu Rosid ◽  
Terry Mart
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
The Future

AbstractThis research quantitatively and qualitatively analyzes the factors responsible for the water level variations in Lake Toba, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. According to several studies carried out from 1993 to 2020, changes in the water level were associated with climate variability, climate change, and human activities. Furthermore, these studies stated that reduced rainfall during the rainy season due to the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the continuous increase in the maximum and average temperatures were some of the effects of climate change in the Lake Toba catchment area. Additionally, human interventions such as industrial activities, population growth, and damage to the surrounding environment of the Lake Toba watershed had significant impacts in terms of decreasing the water level. However, these studies were unable to determine the factor that had the most significant effect, although studies on other lakes worldwide have shown these factors are the main causes of fluctuations or decreases in water levels. A simulation study of Lake Toba's water balance showed the possibility of having a water surplus until the mid-twenty-first century. The input discharge was predicted to be greater than the output; therefore, Lake Toba could be optimized without affecting the future water level. However, the climate projections depicted a different situation, with scenarios predicting the possibility of extreme climate anomalies, demonstrating drier climatic conditions in the future. This review concludes that it is necessary to conduct an in-depth, comprehensive, and systematic study to identify the most dominant factor among the three that is causing the decrease in the Lake Toba water level and to describe the future projected water level.

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