scholarly journals Ability of Allium cepa L. root tips and Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea in N-nitrosodiethylamine genotoxicity and mutagenicity evaluation

2010 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 925-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia R. de Rainho ◽  
Andréa Kaezer ◽  
Claudia A.F. Aiub ◽  
Israel Felzenszwalb
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Nitroso Compounds ◽  
Repair System ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Tradescantia Pallida ◽  
Mutation Assay ◽  
Dose Dependent

N-nitroso compounds, such as N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), can be formed by the reaction of secundary amines with nitrosating agents, and are suspected to be involved in tumors in humans. NDEA has been considered a weak carcinogen in genotoxic assays probably due to the inefficient nitrosamine activation system that is used and/or to the efficient repair system. In this work, we evaluated the sensibility of Allium cepa L. root tips and Tradescantia stamen hair mutation assay (Trad-SH) using Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea for NDEA (0.1; 0.5; 5 and 25mM) genotoxicity and mutagenicity induction. Allium cepa L. was treated with different NDEA concentrations for 3h, for 3 consecutive days, including negative control (distilled water) and positive control maleic hydrazide (MH 30mg/mL). After treatment, the roots were hydrolyzed, squashed, and the mitotic index (MI) and cytological abnormalities were scored. The results revealed a cytostatic effect of NDEA (0.5 and 5mM), showing a significant reduction in the MI. Chromosome stickiness suggests a NDEA toxic effect. T. pallida purpurea did not respond to mutagens with a dose-dependent pattern. In conclusion, our study indicates that the root tips of Allium cepa L. have sensibility to detect NDEA genotoxicity, but not for Trad-SH test.

Genotoxicity of Different tert-Butylcalix[4]crowns

2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 167-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Khalil ◽  
Ahmed Maslat ◽  
Abeer Hafiz ◽  
Shehadeh Mizyed ◽  
Muhammad Ashram
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Meristematic Cells ◽  
Chromosome Breaks ◽  
Root Meristematic Cells ◽  
Full Complement ◽  
Chromosome Bridges ◽  
Dose Dependent

The ability of two calix[4]arene derivatives, namely 25,27-p-tert-butylcalix[4]dithiooxabenzocrown (1) and 25,27-p-tert-butylcalix[4]trithiooxabenzocrown (2), to produce chromosomal aberrations in root meristematic cells of Allium cepa and micronuclei (MN) in normochromatic erythrocytes (NCE) of Balb/c mice was investigated. NCE are normal mature red blood cells with a full complement of hemoglobin but lack ribosomes. In the first test, the root tips were treated with a series of concentrations of the two test chemicals ranging from 10 - 7 to 10 - 4 M for 24 or 48 h. Both compounds caused concentration-dependent increases in the percentage of aberrant cells and reductions in the mitotic index. These effects depended, to some extent, on the duration of the treatment. The most conspicuous chromosomal abnormalities were c-mitosis, chromosome bridges, chromosome breaks, chromosome lags as well as micronuclei and multinuclei. In the second test, acridine orange fluorescent staining was applied to evaluate the incidence of MN in NCE of mice intraperitoneally injected with varying contents of the two test chemicals (0.02 - 0.08 mg/mouse). The two chemicals induced dose-dependent MN formation as compared to the negative control. The second compound had more pronounced cytogenetic influence than the first one. Mitomycin C (MMC, 14 mg/kg body weight), employed as positive control, produced more obvious effects on the parameters investigated.

scholarly journals Aktivitas Hepatoprotektor Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Bawang Merah (Allium cepa L. Corium) Terhadap Mencit Jantan Yang Diinduksi Parasetamol

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 001-006
Author(s):  
Janet Bardos ◽  
Aminah Dalimunthe ◽  
Urip Harahap
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Reactive Metabolite ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Hepatoprotective Agent

Metabolit reaktif N-acetyl-para-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI) akan dilepaskan setelah pemberian parasetamol dosis tinggi sehingga dapat merusak hati. Salah satu tumbuhan yang berpotensi sebagai hepatoproktektif adalah bawang merah (Allium cepa L.). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi aktivitas hepatoprotektor ekstrak etanol kulit bawang merah (EEKBM) terhadap mencit jantan yang diinduksi parasetamol. Enam kelompok perlakuan (n= 4) diberi Na CMC 0,5% sebagai kontrol negatif, EEKBM dosis 300, 450, dan 600 mg/kg bb, dan rutin 20 mg/kg bb sebagai kontrol positif selama 14 hari secara oral dan diikuti pemberian penginduksi hepatotoksik parasetamol 1 g/kg bb. Sampel darah dan hati dikumpulkan untuk pemeriksaan biokimia dan mikroskopik. Kelompok normal digunakan sebagai pembanding. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar AST dan ALT dihambat oleh EEKBM dosis 300, 450, dan 600 mg/kg bb dan berbeda signifikan dengan kontrol negatif (p < 0,05) dan melindungi sel hati dari kerusakan. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa EEKBM dosis 600 mg/kg bb menunjukkan aktivitas hepatoprotektor.   The reactive metabolite, N-acetyl-para-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI), could be released after administration of high dose paracetamol and induced liver damage. One of plant that has potential to be developed into hepatoprotective agent is Onion (Allium cepa L.). This research aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of onion ethanol extract (OEE) in paracetamol induced mice. There were six groups (n=4), consist of negative control which received Na CMC 0,5% , treatment group received OEE at doses of  300, 450, dan 600 mg/bw, and rutin at dose of 20 mg/bw was positive control for 14 days by oral adminitration and followed by paracetamol 1 g/bw to induce hepatotoxic. Blood sample and liver organ were collected for biochemistry and microscopic examinations. Normal control was served as comparison. The results showed that AST and ALT levels was inhibited by OEE at doses of 300, 450, dan 600 mg/kg bwand significantly different with negative control (p < 0,05) and prevented liver damage. It can be concluded that OEE at the dose of 600 mg/kg bwhas hepatoprotective activity.

scholarly journals Cytogenotoxic potential of Terminalia actinophylla (Mart.) bark in Allium cepa L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e353997322
Author(s):  
Francisca Mairana Silva de Sousa ◽  
José Rafael da Silva Araujo ◽  
Luciana Maria Fortes Castelo Branco Couto ◽  
Regina Maria Silva Sousa ◽  
Maria das Dores Alves Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Phytochemical Profile ◽  
Chromosomal Changes ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Total Average

Terminalia actinophylla (Mart), commonly known as "chapada", is used in folk medicine for the treatment of diarrhea, diabetes and anti-inflammatory. However, studies on its toxicity are still incipient. The present work was carried out with the objective of evaluating the phytochemical profile and the cytogenotoxic effect of the ethanolic extract of the T. actinophylla bark using the Allium cepa L. seed. Seeds of A. cepa were subjected to different extract concentrations (1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/mL), a negative control (NC - distilled water) as well as trifluralin (PC - positive control), during 24 h of exposure. The phytochemical profile of the extract was obtained to identify the main secondary metabolites. The cytotoxicity (mitotic index) and the genotoxicity (chromosomal alterations) were analyzed by means of the collection of 5,000 meristematic cells. The statistical analysis was carried out using the Kruskal-Wallis test (p<0.05). The phytochemicals present in the extract were tannins, saponins and reducing sugars. Only the lowest concentration (1.25 mg/ml) of T. actinophylla was cytotoxic in comparison with NC. There was a significant increase in the total average of chromosomal changes to lower concentrations (1.25 and 2.5 mg/ml) compared to NC. Probably, phytochemicals in the extract interfere with the cell cycle and cause DNA damage in A. cepa in lower concentrations. However, if bad studies must be carried out on mammals, since the extract with medicinal purpose can have harmful effects on the organism.

scholarly journals Integrative analysis in toxicological assessment of the insecticide Malathion in Allium cepa L. system

2023 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. C. Ghisi ◽  
V. B. Silva ◽  
A. A. Roque ◽  
E. C. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Integrative Analysis ◽  
Biological Assessment ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Toxicological Assessment ◽  
L System ◽  
Allium Cepa L

Abstract For many centuries human populations have been suffering and trying to fight with disease-bearing mosquitoes. Emerging and reemerging diseases such as Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya affect billions of people around the world and recently has been appealing to control with chemical pesticides. Malathion (MT) is one of the main pesticides used against mosquitoes, the vectors of these diseases. This study aimed to assess cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of the malathion for the bioindicator Allium cepa L. using a multivariate and integrative approach. Moreover, an appendix table was compiled with all available literature of insecticides assessed by the Allium cepa system to support our discussion. Exposures during 48h to 0.5 mg mL-1 and 1.0 mg mL-1 MT were compared to the negative control (distilled water) and positive control (MMS solution at 10 mg L-1). The presence of chromosomal aberrations, micronuclei frequency, and mitotic index abnormalities was evaluated. Anaphase bridges were the alterations with higher incidence and presented a significantly elevated rate in the concentration of 0.5 mg mL-1, including when compared to the positive control. The integrative discriminant analysis summarizes that MT in assessed concentrations presented effects like the positive control, corroborating its potential of toxicity to DNA. Therefore, it is concluded that MT in its pure composition and in realistic concentrations used, has genotoxic potential in the biological assessment of A. cepa cells. The multivariate integrative analysis was fundamental to show a whole response of all data, providing a global view of the effect of MT on DNA.

scholarly journals Influence of extract from shoots of Taxus baccata var. elegantissima on ultrastructure and tubulin cytoskeleton of meristematic cells of Allium cepa L. roots

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Majewska ◽  
Mirosława Furmanowa ◽  
Kazimierz Głowniak ◽  
Joanna Guzewska ◽  
Alicja Zobel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Chromatin Condensation ◽  
Preprophase Band ◽  
Taxus Baccata ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Meristematic Cells ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Interphase Cells ◽  
Average Size

We investigated the influence of extract from <em>Taxus baccata</em> var. Elegantissima (TbE) shoots in 1:8 dilution, containing paclitaxel in concentration of 81,6 µg/g fresh mass on ultrastructure and tubulin cytoskeleton of meristematic cells of <em>Allium cepa</em> L. root tips. Incubation time 3, 6, 12 and 24 h was followed with postincubation in water for 12 and 24 h. During shorter incubation (till 12 h) the surface of the cell nuclei decreased and chromatin became condensed (in comparison to control) but after 24 h the average surface increased and chromatin condensation decreased. In the course of incubation the average size of plastids and vacuoles increased. Moreover, after treatment mitochondria and plastids showed degradation of ultrastructure, which was reversed after 12 h of postincubation. Immunocytochemical assays demonstrated that in the course of incubation in the ThE extract, the tubulin cytoskeleton became partially disorganised. In most interphase cells, cortical microtubules (MTs) lost their oval transverse orientation. The preprophase band (PPB) position in the cell was often asymmetrical. The MTs array of the karyokinetic spindle and phragmoplast was also disturbed. These alterations were completely reversed during postincubation.

Cytotoxicity of the Fungicides Azoxystrobin and Difenoconazole in Root Tips of Allium cepa L.

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nithyameen ◽  
P.R. Jeyaramraja . ◽  
S. Manian .
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Allium Cepa L

scholarly journals Genotoxic Effects of Raxil on Root Tips and Anthers of Allium cepa L.

Caryologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaymak Fisun ◽  
Pinar Goc Rasgele
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Allium Cepa L

scholarly journals Effect of Ferrous Gluconate on Chromosomal Abnormality Index of Allium Cepa Root Tip

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 755-758
Author(s):  
Nergis Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Chromosomal Aberration ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormality ◽  
Genotoxic Effect ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Ferrous Gluconate ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Abnormality Index

In completed research, ferrous gluconate -a food additive- used to preserve black color to prevent discoloration during storage in ripe black olives, and Allium cepa L. species. A. cepa L. roots were treated with different doses of ferrous gluconate. The effective concentration EC50 (0.068 g/l) was determined. A. cepa root tips were treated with EC50/2 (0.034 g/l), EC50 (0.068 g/l), 2XEC50 (0.136 g/l) dose for 24, 48, 72 hours, and afterward, the root tips were prepared for observation under the light microscope according to the method of preparing mitotic preparation. Chromosomal abnormality index (CAI) and genotoxic effect of ferrous gluconate in A. cepa root tip cells were determined. Repeated measurement ANOVA and TUKEY multiple comparison tests were used to investigate the effect of time and dose together on genotoxicity. C-mitosis, polyploidy, polar shifting in anaphase, polar shifting in telophase, equatorial plate shifting, laggard chromosome was observed by microscope. The highest CAI (70.16±4.85) was observed at 72h for 2XEC50 dose. Chromosomal aberration is also observed in control group. While the most common chromosomal aberration is determined as C-mitosis; The least observed chromosomal aberration is determined as polyploidy. Research results revealed that ferrous gluconate has a genotoxic effect on the root tip of A. cepa.

scholarly journals The characterization of a humanized rabbit anti-TNFα monoclonal antibody

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Wang ◽  
Xianpu Ni ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Zheng Jin ◽  
Huanzhang Xia
Keyword(s):  
Specific Binding ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Neutralizing Activity ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Dose Dependent

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is now regarding as a key role in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated disease such as Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Crohn's Disease, Psoriatic arthritis and Plaque Psoriasis. HERE we have successfully developed an anti-hTNFα monoclonal rabbit antibody(HZ3M) with high binding and neutralizing activity based on RabMAbs platform. Rabbit hybridomas, immunized subcutanrously with 0.4 mg human TNFα, were generated from the rabbit splenocytes and a total of 142 hybridoma clones with specific binding to human TNFa were obtained. The anti-TNFa RabMAbs showed better neutralizing activity and higher antigen binding affinity compared to Humira and Remicade, the elimination phase half-life 58.2h respectively. In vivo efficay studies, normal mice or human TNF-alpha transgenic mice were injected with 1.0 mg/kg Humira (positive control), HZ3M at 0.33?1.0 or 3.0 mg/kg, or solvent (negative control), showed that HZ3M is able to bind and neutralize hTNFα in transgenic and normal mice as well as normal rabbits.Clearly dose-dependent response can be determined. Compared to marketed anti-TNFa drug Humira, the efficacy of HZ3M is seems to show significant longer holding time.Our observations indicate that the HZ3M derived from RabMAb preclinical safety study, and might have a therapeutic role in RA treatment.

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