scholarly journals Integrative analysis in toxicological assessment of the insecticide Malathion in Allium cepa L. system

2023 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. C. Ghisi ◽  
V. B. Silva ◽  
A. A. Roque ◽  
E. C. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Integrative Analysis ◽  
Biological Assessment ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Toxicological Assessment ◽  
L System ◽  
Allium Cepa L

Abstract For many centuries human populations have been suffering and trying to fight with disease-bearing mosquitoes. Emerging and reemerging diseases such as Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya affect billions of people around the world and recently has been appealing to control with chemical pesticides. Malathion (MT) is one of the main pesticides used against mosquitoes, the vectors of these diseases. This study aimed to assess cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of the malathion for the bioindicator Allium cepa L. using a multivariate and integrative approach. Moreover, an appendix table was compiled with all available literature of insecticides assessed by the Allium cepa system to support our discussion. Exposures during 48h to 0.5 mg mL-1 and 1.0 mg mL-1 MT were compared to the negative control (distilled water) and positive control (MMS solution at 10 mg L-1). The presence of chromosomal aberrations, micronuclei frequency, and mitotic index abnormalities was evaluated. Anaphase bridges were the alterations with higher incidence and presented a significantly elevated rate in the concentration of 0.5 mg mL-1, including when compared to the positive control. The integrative discriminant analysis summarizes that MT in assessed concentrations presented effects like the positive control, corroborating its potential of toxicity to DNA. Therefore, it is concluded that MT in its pure composition and in realistic concentrations used, has genotoxic potential in the biological assessment of A. cepa cells. The multivariate integrative analysis was fundamental to show a whole response of all data, providing a global view of the effect of MT on DNA.

scholarly journals Aktivitas Hepatoprotektor Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Bawang Merah (Allium cepa L. Corium) Terhadap Mencit Jantan Yang Diinduksi Parasetamol

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 001-006
Author(s):  
Janet Bardos ◽  
Aminah Dalimunthe ◽  
Urip Harahap
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Reactive Metabolite ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Hepatoprotective Agent

Metabolit reaktif N-acetyl-para-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI) akan dilepaskan setelah pemberian parasetamol dosis tinggi sehingga dapat merusak hati. Salah satu tumbuhan yang berpotensi sebagai hepatoproktektif adalah bawang merah (Allium cepa L.). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi aktivitas hepatoprotektor ekstrak etanol kulit bawang merah (EEKBM) terhadap mencit jantan yang diinduksi parasetamol. Enam kelompok perlakuan (n= 4) diberi Na CMC 0,5% sebagai kontrol negatif, EEKBM dosis 300, 450, dan 600 mg/kg bb, dan rutin 20 mg/kg bb sebagai kontrol positif selama 14 hari secara oral dan diikuti pemberian penginduksi hepatotoksik parasetamol 1 g/kg bb. Sampel darah dan hati dikumpulkan untuk pemeriksaan biokimia dan mikroskopik. Kelompok normal digunakan sebagai pembanding. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar AST dan ALT dihambat oleh EEKBM dosis 300, 450, dan 600 mg/kg bb dan berbeda signifikan dengan kontrol negatif (p < 0,05) dan melindungi sel hati dari kerusakan. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa EEKBM dosis 600 mg/kg bb menunjukkan aktivitas hepatoprotektor.   The reactive metabolite, N-acetyl-para-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI), could be released after administration of high dose paracetamol and induced liver damage. One of plant that has potential to be developed into hepatoprotective agent is Onion (Allium cepa L.). This research aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of onion ethanol extract (OEE) in paracetamol induced mice. There were six groups (n=4), consist of negative control which received Na CMC 0,5% , treatment group received OEE at doses of  300, 450, dan 600 mg/bw, and rutin at dose of 20 mg/bw was positive control for 14 days by oral adminitration and followed by paracetamol 1 g/bw to induce hepatotoxic. Blood sample and liver organ were collected for biochemistry and microscopic examinations. Normal control was served as comparison. The results showed that AST and ALT levels was inhibited by OEE at doses of 300, 450, dan 600 mg/kg bwand significantly different with negative control (p < 0,05) and prevented liver damage. It can be concluded that OEE at the dose of 600 mg/kg bwhas hepatoprotective activity.

scholarly journals Ability of Allium cepa L. root tips and Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea in N-nitrosodiethylamine genotoxicity and mutagenicity evaluation

2010 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 925-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia R. de Rainho ◽  
Andréa Kaezer ◽  
Claudia A.F. Aiub ◽  
Israel Felzenszwalb
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Nitroso Compounds ◽  
Repair System ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Tradescantia Pallida ◽  
Mutation Assay ◽  
Dose Dependent

N-nitroso compounds, such as N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), can be formed by the reaction of secundary amines with nitrosating agents, and are suspected to be involved in tumors in humans. NDEA has been considered a weak carcinogen in genotoxic assays probably due to the inefficient nitrosamine activation system that is used and/or to the efficient repair system. In this work, we evaluated the sensibility of Allium cepa L. root tips and Tradescantia stamen hair mutation assay (Trad-SH) using Tradescantia pallida var. purpurea for NDEA (0.1; 0.5; 5 and 25mM) genotoxicity and mutagenicity induction. Allium cepa L. was treated with different NDEA concentrations for 3h, for 3 consecutive days, including negative control (distilled water) and positive control maleic hydrazide (MH 30mg/mL). After treatment, the roots were hydrolyzed, squashed, and the mitotic index (MI) and cytological abnormalities were scored. The results revealed a cytostatic effect of NDEA (0.5 and 5mM), showing a significant reduction in the MI. Chromosome stickiness suggests a NDEA toxic effect. T. pallida purpurea did not respond to mutagens with a dose-dependent pattern. In conclusion, our study indicates that the root tips of Allium cepa L. have sensibility to detect NDEA genotoxicity, but not for Trad-SH test.

scholarly journals Cytogenotoxic potential of Terminalia actinophylla (Mart.) bark in Allium cepa L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e353997322
Author(s):  
Francisca Mairana Silva de Sousa ◽  
José Rafael da Silva Araujo ◽  
Luciana Maria Fortes Castelo Branco Couto ◽  
Regina Maria Silva Sousa ◽  
Maria das Dores Alves Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Phytochemical Profile ◽  
Chromosomal Changes ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Total Average

Terminalia actinophylla (Mart), commonly known as "chapada", is used in folk medicine for the treatment of diarrhea, diabetes and anti-inflammatory. However, studies on its toxicity are still incipient. The present work was carried out with the objective of evaluating the phytochemical profile and the cytogenotoxic effect of the ethanolic extract of the T. actinophylla bark using the Allium cepa L. seed. Seeds of A. cepa were subjected to different extract concentrations (1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/mL), a negative control (NC - distilled water) as well as trifluralin (PC - positive control), during 24 h of exposure. The phytochemical profile of the extract was obtained to identify the main secondary metabolites. The cytotoxicity (mitotic index) and the genotoxicity (chromosomal alterations) were analyzed by means of the collection of 5,000 meristematic cells. The statistical analysis was carried out using the Kruskal-Wallis test (p<0.05). The phytochemicals present in the extract were tannins, saponins and reducing sugars. Only the lowest concentration (1.25 mg/ml) of T. actinophylla was cytotoxic in comparison with NC. There was a significant increase in the total average of chromosomal changes to lower concentrations (1.25 and 2.5 mg/ml) compared to NC. Probably, phytochemicals in the extract interfere with the cell cycle and cause DNA damage in A. cepa in lower concentrations. However, if bad studies must be carried out on mammals, since the extract with medicinal purpose can have harmful effects on the organism.

scholarly journals Genotoxicity of aqueous extracts of Tulbaghia violacea as determined through an Allium cepa assay

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (1/2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lerato N. Madike ◽  
Samkeliso Takaidza ◽  
Cornelius Ssemakalu ◽  
Michael Pillay
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Allium Cepa Assay ◽  
Chromosome Bridges

Tulbaghia violacea (wild garlic) is commonly used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various ailments including fungal infections, gastrointestinal ailments, asthma, fever, colds and pulmonary tuberculosis. We assessed the potential genotoxic effects of water extracts from the leaves, stems and roots of T. violacea using the Allium cepa assay. Extracts at concentrations of 100, 250, 500 and 1000 μg/mL were tested on root meristems of A. cepa. Ethidium bromide was used as a positive control whereas distilled water acted as a negative control. The results reveal that as the concentrations of the water extracts of T. violacea increased, the mitotic indices decreased. Similarly, the percentage of chromosomal aberrations was dependent on the concentration as well as on which part of the plant was used. The six most common chromosome aberrations included laggard chromosomes, chromosome bridges, c-mitosis, sticky chromosomes, formation of binuclei and formation of trinuclei. The presence of micronucleated cells at interphase also increased as the concentration of the water extracts increased. The results confirm that water extracts of T. violacea exert significant genotoxic effects at higher concentrations, with the stem extracts being more toxic than the leaf and root extracts at similar concentrations. Significance: • Water extracts of T. violacea – a plant commonly used in traditional medicine – were found to have significant genotoxic effects at higher concentrations.

scholarly journals Evaluation of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of Hancornia speciosa latex in Allium cepa root model

2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. P. Ribeiro ◽  
T. R. Sousa ◽  
A. S. Arruda ◽  
N. Peixoto ◽  
P. J. Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Root Meristem ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Testing Conditions ◽  
Root Model ◽  
Chromosome Aberration Frequency ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Hancornia Speciosa

Abstract The latex obtained from Hancornia speciosa Gomes (Mangabeira tree) is widely used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of diseases, including diarrhea, ulcer, gastritis, tuberculosis, acne and warts. In this study, the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity effects of H. speciosa latex on the root meristem cells of Allium cepa were examined. Onion bulbs were exposed to different concentrations of latex and then submitted to microscopic analysis using Giemsa stain. Water was used as a negative control and sodium azide as a positive control. The results showed that, under the testing conditions, the mitotic index (MI) of the onion roots submitted to latex treatment did not differ significantly from the negative control, which suggests that the latex is not cytotoxic. Low incidence of chromosome aberrations in the cells treated with H. speciosa latex was also observed, indicating that the latex does not have genotoxic effect either. The MI and the chromosome aberration frequency responded to the latex concentration, requiring more studies to evaluate the dosage effect on genotoxicity. The results indicate that in tested concentrations H. speciosa latex is probably not harmful to human health and may be potentially used in medicine.

scholarly journals Aktivitas Immunodulator Ekstrak Etanol Umbi Bawang Merah (Allium cepa L.) terhadap Respon Imun Non Spesifik pada Mencit Jantan Galur BALB/C dengan Metode Carbon Clearance

Biosfera ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Diska Anggraeni Alfitasari ◽  
Anjar Mahardian Kusuma ◽  
Zainur Rahman Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Activity Effect ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Carbon Clearance ◽  
Carbon Injection ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The content of flavonoids on onion useful to maintain endurance. This research aims to know the activity of exstract immunodulator of onion bulb ethanol (Allium cepa L) on phagocytic activity in male mice balb/c with varian dose and campored immunodulator activity with positive control. This study is an experimental reseach with Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Preparation of extract ethanol onion roots done by maceration using 96% ethanol for 9 hours. The test performed on samples which consist of 25 mice with carbon clearance method, devided into 5 groups, which are : K – (without treatment), k+ (with imboos 13,3 ml/Kg Bw), P1 (dose 12%), P2 (dose 24%), and P3 (dose 48%). The test performed for 5 days, and on the 7th day injected carbon (pelicans) as much 0,1 ml/ 10 gr Weight intravenousty, their blood taken before carbon injection (minute 0) and minute 4, 8, 12, and 16. After their transmittance measure using spectrophotometer at 600,5 nm wavelength. This research shows that extract ethanol of onion balb has immunodulator activity effect on non-specific immune response on male mice balb/c with carbon clearance method. The dose of 12% (v/v), 24% (v/v) and 48% (v/v) dose have lower immunostimulatory capacity than positive control.

scholarly journals The protective effect of the aqueous extract of Sida acuta BURM.F on lead nitrate-induced genotoxicity

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-199
Author(s):  
Ifeoluwa Temitayo Oyeyemi
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Lead Nitrate ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metal ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Sida Acuta ◽  
Allium Cepa L

This study investigated the protective effective of Sida acuta leaf extracts against the genotoxic effect of lead nitrate, a toxic heavy metal that easily permeate the ecosystem. The genotoxic and anti-genotoxic effects of the aqueous extract of S. acuta on onion cells (Allium cepa L.) was evaluated using the Allium cepa L. assay. Onion bulbs were exposed to 0.25 – 2.5 mg.mL-1 concentrations of the plant extract for analyses of induction of cytogenetic damage. There was observeda concentration-dependent decrease in mitotic index of the A. cepa roots cells compared to the negative control. Lead nitrate significantly induced chromosomal aberration in A. cepa root cells. This effect, however, was significantly ameliorated by the S. acuta leaf extract. This effect was demonstrated by the lower frequency of chromosome aberrations in lead nitrate treated root cells after exposure to the extract. Furthermore, the extract restricted the extent of lead-induced cytological aberrations in A. cepa. The findings in this study suggested the mitodepressive, antiproliferative and anti-genotoxic potentials of the extract.

scholarly journals Evaluation of an antimalarial herbal mixture and each extract for DNA and chromosomal mutations in Swiss albino mice and Allium cepa cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-259
Author(s):  
Akinboro Akeem ◽  
Rufai Muhamed Akinlabi ◽  
Ogunbameru Aanuoluwapo Dorcas ◽  
Oladosu Bolaji Esther ◽  
Taiwo Modinat Opeyemi
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Sodium Azide ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Toxicological Evaluation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Individual

Toxicological evaluation of herbal medicines is necessary because of possible adverse effects that may be associated with their consumption. This study screened antimalarial herbal recipe (containing leaves of Azadirachta indica and stem-bark of Alstonia boonei) and its individual plant’s extract for DNA and chromosomes mutation potentials following the DNA fragmentation and Allium cepa assays. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) activity of the recipe and each extract was determined. The kinds of phytochemicals present in them were determined using the FTIR technique. Water extracts of A. indica, and A.boonei at all the tested doses caused significantly lower DNA fragmentations than those of the controls. However, at 25.0% and 50.0% recipe, there was no significant difference in the percentage fragmented DNA compared to the positive control (0.05% sodium azide). Cell division was significantly inhibited by the extracts and recipe, chromosomal aberrations were not dose dependently induced and were significantly lowered than that caused by sodium azide (positive control). The individual extracts and their recipe significantly inhibited Root growth. However, 12.5% recipe promoted root growth that was not significantly different from that of distilled water (negative control). SOD and CAT activities of each of the extracts and their recipe were dose dependent and significantly higher than those of the controls. Water extract of A. indica significantly suppressed generation of malondialdehyde compared to water extract of A. boonei and recipe as well as the control. The individual extracts and their recipe contained phenolic phytochemicals. The obtained results show that extract of A. indica, A. boonei and their recipe have good antioxidant properties with strong mitodepressive and root growth inhibitory effects except at 12.5% recipe. However, A. indica extract seems to have least cyto-muta-genotoxic effects than water extract of A. boonei and the recipe in mice and A. cepa cells. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2021, 7 (3), 249-259

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