scholarly journals Is West Nile virus a potential cause of central nervous system infection in Brazil?

2010 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 761-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiane N Soares ◽  
Mauro J. Cabral Castro ◽  
José M Peralta ◽  
Marcos R.G. de Freitas ◽  
Marzia Puccioni-Sohler
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Viral Encephalitis ◽  
Neutralization Test ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Central Nervous System Infection ◽  
Viral Meningitis ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
West Nile ◽  
The City

Meningitis and encephalitis are complications of West Nile virus (WNV) infection. Although WNV is endemic in North America, the virus has recently been reported in Colombia and Argentina. Investigation of WNV in Brazil is important since this virus has never been studied previously in this country. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the presence of WNV infection in viral encephalitis/meningitis cases of unknown etiology in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. METHOD: Thirty-seven adults with viral meningitis/encephalitis had their serum and CSF tested for WNV antibodies using the ELISA method. RESULTS: Only one case was WNV-positive, but this case was also positive for dengue. The plaque reduction neutralization test distinguished infections, and was negative for WNV. CONCLUSION: WNV can be confused with dengue infection. Their symptoms and neurological picture are similar. We did not find WNV in any patients with encephalitis and meningitis in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Up to now, it has not been detected in Brazil

scholarly journals Screening of Mosquitoes for West Nile Virus and Usutu Virus in Croatia, 2015–2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Ana Klobucar ◽  
Vladimir Savic ◽  
Marcela Curman Posavec ◽  
Suncica Petrinic ◽  
Urska Kuhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Usutu Virus ◽  
Culex Pipiens Complex ◽  
Mammalian Origin ◽  
Mosquito Pool ◽  
The City ◽  
Generation Sequencing

In the period from 2015 to 2020, an entomological survey for the presence of West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV) in mosquitoes was performed in northwestern Croatia. A total of 20,363 mosquitoes were sampled in the City of Zagreb and Međimurje county, grouped in 899 pools and tested by real-time RT-PCR for WNV and USUV RNA. All pools were negative for WNV while one pool each from 2016 (Aedes albopictus), 2017 (Culex pipiens complex), 2018 (Cx. pipiens complex), and 2019 (Cx. pipiens complex), respectively, was positive for USUV. The 2018 and 2019 positive pools shared 99.31% nucleotide homology within the USUV NS5 gene and both clustered within USUV Europe 2 lineage. The next-generation sequencing of one mosquito pool (Cx. pipiens complex) collected in 2018 in Zagreb confirmed the presence of USUV and revealed several dsDNA and ssRNA viruses of insect, bacterial and mammalian origin.

scholarly journals West Nile Fever in the Tula region, Russian Federation

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
A. M. Butenko ◽  
A. A. Kozlova ◽  
V. F. Larichev ◽  
T. K. Dzagurova ◽  
R. A Pantykhova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Neutralization Test ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Serological Testing ◽  
West Nile Fever ◽  
Febrile Disease ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Duration Of Hospitalization ◽  
Duration Of Disease ◽  
First Time

As a result of serological testing (MAC-ELISA, ELISA-IgG and neutralization test) 143 sera from 132 patients with acute febrile disease of unknown etiology hospitalized in summer 2012 in the hospitals of Tula, the first time in Tula and the Tula region were diagnosed 4 cases of West Nile fever. The age ofpatients was 42, 60, 62 and 64. They all got sick in August 2012. The temperature reached 39-40°C. Duration of disease from 13 to 20 days, the duration of hospitalization from 8 to17 days. Neurological symptoms were observed in two patients in the form of meningeal syndrome and encephalopathy with asthenic symptoms (in one case) and faint meningeal syndrome (in another).

scholarly journals A Case of Central Nervous System Infection Due to West Nile Virus Lineage-1 in Ankara Province, Turkey

2013 ◽  
pp. 164-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat ÖCAL ◽  
Halil ÖNDER ◽  
Ethem M. ARSAVA ◽  
Şehnaz ALP ◽  
Aykut ÖZKUL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Central Nervous System Infection ◽  
West Nile

scholarly journals WEST NILE FEVER IN THE SARATOV REGION IN 2013-2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 219-226
Author(s):  
E. V. Kazorina ◽  
T. Yu. Krasovskaya ◽  
A. V. Kazantsev ◽  
E. V. Naydenova ◽  
I. N. Sharova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
West Nile Fever ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Saratov Region ◽  
Stable Domain ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Live Stock ◽  
Regional Population ◽  
The City

West Nile virus (WNV) circulation in the territory of Saratov region and its role in the infectious pathology were investigated. For this purpose, in studies conducted in 2013-2015, suspensions of bloodsucking arthropods, organs of birds and small mammals were analyzed for the presence of WNV markers (antigens and/or RNA). The seroprevalence level in live-stock animals and population of the region was evaluated; clinical samples from patients with symptoms compatible with West Nile fever (WNF) were analyzed. As a result of the investigations, WNV markers were detected in field samples gathered in natural biotopes and in the city of Saratov. Immunity to WNV was detected in horses. A stable domain of persons with immunity to this agent was revealed among regional population. Patients with WNF have been annually registered in the region since 2012. The obtained results confirm active circulation of WNF in the Saratov region, as well as formation of stable natural and anthropourgic foci.

scholarly journals West Nile Virus Central Nervous System Infection in Patients Treated With Rituximab: Implications for Diagnosis and Prognosis, With a Review of Literature

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sejal Morjaria ◽  
Esther Arguello ◽  
Ying Taur ◽  
Kent Sepkowitz ◽  
Vaios Hatzoglou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Central Nervous System Infection ◽  
Central Nervous System Disease ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
System Disease

Abstract The spectrum of West Nile virus (WNV) infection continues to be elucidated. Many cases of WNV are asymptomatic; however, in immunocompromised patients, symptoms are more likely to be severe. We describe fatal WNV central nervous system disease in lymphoma patients who received rituximab, blunting the inflammatory response and complicating diagnosis.

scholarly journals Key Factors Influencing the Incidence of West Nile Virus in Burleigh County, North Dakota

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroko Mori ◽  
Joshua Wu ◽  
Motomu Ibaraki ◽  
Franklin Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
North Dakota ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Mosquito Abundance ◽  
River Flooding ◽  
Disease Case ◽  
The City

The city of Bismarck, North Dakota has one of the highest numbers of West Nile Virus (WNV) cases per population in the U.S. Although the city conducts extensive mosquito surveillance, the mosquito abundance alone may not fully explain the occurrence of WNV. Here, we developed models to predict mosquito abundance and the number of WNV cases, independently, by statistically analyzing the most important climate and virus transmission factors. An analysis with the mosquito model indicated that the mosquito numbers increase during a warm and humid summer or after a severely cold winter. In addition, river flooding decreased the mosquito numbers. The number of WNV cases was best predicted by including the virus transmission rate, the mosquito numbers, and the mosquito feeding pattern. This virus transmission rate is a function of temperature and increases significantly above 20 °C. The correlation coefficients (r) were 0.910 with the mosquito-population model and 0.620 with the disease case model. Our findings confirmed the conclusions of other work on the importance of climatic variables in controlling the mosquito numbers and contributed new insights into disease dynamics, especially in relation to extreme flooding. It also suggested a new prevention strategy of initiating insecticides not only based on mosquito numbers but also 10-day forecasts of unusually hot weather.

scholarly journals Serum Neutralization Assay Can Efficiently Replace Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test for Detection and Quantitation of West Nile Virus Antibodies in Human and Animal Serum Samples

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 1460-1462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annapia Di Gennaro ◽  
Alessio Lorusso ◽  
Claudia Casaccia ◽  
Annamaria Conte ◽  
Federica Monaco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Neutralization Test ◽  
Neutralization Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test ◽  
Serum Neutralization ◽  
Human Sera

ABSTRACTA serum neutralization assay (SN) was compared with the official plaque reduction neutralization test for the quantitation of West Nile virus antibodies. A total of 1,348 samples from equid sera and 38 from human sera were tested by these two methods. Statistically significant differences were not observed, thus supporting the use of SN for routine purposes.

scholarly journals Persistence of Antibodies to West Nile Virus in Naturally Infected Rock Pigeons (Columba livia)

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 665-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha E. J. Gibbs ◽  
Douglas M. Hoffman ◽  
Lillian M. Stark ◽  
Nicole L. Marlenee ◽  
Bradley J. Blitvich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Neutralization Test ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Maternal Antibodies ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test ◽  
Antibody Persistence

ABSTRACT Wild caught rock pigeons (Columba livia) with antibodies to West Nile virus were monitored for 15 months to determine antibody persistence and compare results of three serologic techniques. Antibodies persisted for the entire study as detected by epitope-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and plaque reduction neutralization test. Maternal antibodies in squabs derived from seropositive birds persisted for an average of 27 days.

scholarly journals First serological evidence of West Nile virus among equines and birds in Kosovo, 2018-2019

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agim Rexhepi ◽  
Kurtesh Sherifi ◽  
Kristaq Berxholi ◽  
Betim Xhekaj ◽  
Nesade Muja-Bajraktari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Neutralization Test ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Domestic Bird ◽  
Domestic Birds ◽  
Public Health Authorities

Abstract Background: This study was conducted to survey the presence of the West Nile virus (WNV) in Kosovo by serological testing of the healthy autochthonous equine population and virus detection in birds and mosquitoes. Between January 2018 and June 2019, 260 equine serum samples, 626 mosquitoes (60 pools), 50 domestic birds and 51 wild birds were collected from different regions of Kosovo. Equine and domestic bird serum samples were tested by IgG ELISA while mosquitoes and bird viscera were tested for WNV RNA by RT-PCR. Positive ELISA samples were confirmed by Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test (PRNT) and eight by Virus Neutralization Test (VNT). Results: This is the first report providing evidence of WNV antibodies among animals in Kosovo. WNV antibodies were present in 27 out of 260 equine sera (10.38%) and one out of 50 samples in domestic birds by ELISA and PRNT. Eight of 27 positive equine serum samples were confirmed by VNT. No WNV RNA was detected in birds or mosquitoes.Conclusions: The occurrence of WNV antibodies in autochthonous equines from all regions of Kosovo indicates that the virus is circulating within the country. Public health authorities should therefore plan a risk assessment and disease control program.

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