Influence of Different Fertility Management Practices on Productivity and Economics of Forage Soybean

Background: Quality and higher fodder production is one of the important aspects to get higher productivity from live stock. India suffer a net deficiency of 35.6% green fodder, 10.95% dry crop residues and Jammu and Kashmir faces a net deficit of 19% in fodder. The choice to grow cultivated fodder crops during kharif season in Kashmir is limited and are grown generally under rainfed conditions. The major kharif season fodder cereal crops are maize and sorghum and the legume fodder crops are cowpea and soybean. To improve the quality and yield of fodder crops, it is important to standardise production technology for legume fodder crops. Methods: A field experiment was undertaken at Agronomy Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Wadura of Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir during kharif 2019 and 2020 to study the impact of different fertility management practices on productivity and economics of forage soybean. The experiment comprising of seven treatments laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Result: Application of N, P2O5, K2O (30, 90, 45 kg/ha) along with 0.1 tons/ha vermicompost recoded higher green fodder productivity and growth characters of soybean. However application of N, P2O5, K2O (20, 60, 30 kg/ha) was found economically viable option.

Bovine Anti-leukemic Measures for Improving Live-Stock Farms in Belgorod and Kemerovo Regions of Russia

Bovine leukemia remains one of the most urgent viral diseases in veterinary medicine, and potentially dangerous for humans. The strategy of combating it is aimed at improving the existing measures and full recovery of agricultural enterprises. The quality of animal products is a priority in the field of food safety. The aim of the research was to develop effective antileukemic measures for the improvement of livestock farms in the Belgorod and Kemerovo regions. The proposed antileukemic measures are to increase the frequency of serological studies from 6-th months to the 2-3th months among animals in areas with poor leukemia in cattle, as well as to increase the sensitivity of immunodiffusion test (AGID) due to highly centrifigation of the tested samples and an increase in the temperature of incubation samples close to the physiological norm for animals. The improved technique of staging an immunodiffusion reaction (AGID) allows detecting an average of 12% more infected animals with BLV in comparison with the approved method of staging a serological reaction AGID. Intensive introduction of PCR diagnostics to identify the causative agent of bovine leukemia in young calves, after the neonatal age period, will allow detecting early infection of animals and adjusting the program of antileukemia measures in disadvantaged farms. The introduction of PCR diagnostics in calves in the postnatal period of development in permanently dysfunctional livestock farms will contribute to the recovery of young animals from cattle leukemia in dysfunctional farms. The proposed antileukemia measures for the improvement of livestock farms in the Belgorod and Kemerovo regions made it possible to develop effective preventive measures for disadvantaged farms, improving the epizootic situation in the regions. So, in 2021, it was possible to completely improve the permanently dysfunctional economy of the LLC « Pobeda» in the Belgorod region.

QUALITY CONTROL OF TROBOS LIVESTOCK MAGAZINE PRODUCTION AT PT AKSARA GRAFIKA PRATAMA

Quality control is an important factor for the industry because continuously control process in production will be able to detect abnormalities results quickly, so that it can be anticipated immediately. This study aims to determine how the quality control process has been implemented, what printing problems often occur, and what activities have been carried out to control the production quality of Trobos Live Stock magazine at PT Aksara Grafika Pratama. This research method is descriptive with direct observation of the production process at PT Aksara Grafika Pratama. Descriptive method has been used by direct observation of the production process at PT Aksara Grafika Pratama. Data analysis was carried out using the p-chart control chart analysis method of the production quantity and misprint of Trobos Live Stock Magazine in January - December 2019. The results showed that the total production of Trobos Live Stock Magazine by PT Aksara Grafika Pratama in 2019 was 225,521 sheets with 7,178 misprints, and the average proportion of damaged products was 0.030. The proportion of damaged production in April and May occupied the highest position, namely 0.045 and 0.049, exceeding the UCL (Upper Control Limit) control limit. However, in the production process the following month the damage to production is within control limits, which indicates that the production department has carried out the maximum evaluation and repair. Misprints that occur in the production process of Trobos Live Stock Magazine include Scumming, Ghosting, and no images or text appearing in certain parts. Quality control activities carried out by PT Aksara Grafika Pratama to reduce the level of damage to production include implementing a layered system such as directly monitoring the production process, always carrying out maintenance on machines and assigning special experts to repair machines, as well as placing experienced workers to minimize possible error rate during the production process.Keywords — Quality Control, Diagrams Control p-chart, Statistical Assistance Tools

Factors Influencing Economic Viability of Small and Marginal Farms in Rayalaseema Region of Andhra Pradesh, India

This study was conducted to estimate the factors influencing the viability of small and marginal farms in Rayalaseema region of Andhra Pradesh. Multistage sampling technique was employed for selection of samples at different levels (districts, mandals and villages) in the present study. A sample of 120 farmers was selected from two districts, six mandals and six villages. The farmers were categorized according to their land holding size into marginal (<1 ha) and small (1-2 ha) category. On the basis of economic surplus left, the sample farmers were grouped as viable and nonviable farmers. The farmers having positive economic surplus are viable farmers and the farmers with negative economic surplus are non-viable farmers. Out of 120 sample farmer’s only 37 farmers were viable and 83 remained non-viable. It is found that net income from live stock and dairy and net income from crops were the major significant discriminating factors that discriminate viable and non-viable farmers. Other significant factors were off farm income, farm size and family expenditure.

Copper-Silver Nanohybrids: SARS-CoV-2 Inhibitory Surfaces

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains a severe health threat. The COVID-19 infections occurring in humans and animals render human-animal interfaces hot spots for spreading the pandemic. Lessons from the past point towards the antiviral properties of copper formulations; however, data showing the “contact-time limit” surface inhibitory efficacy of copper formulations to contain SARS-CoV-2 are limited. Here, we show the rapid inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 after only 1 and 5 min on two different surfaces containing copper-silver (Cu-Ag) nanohybrids. We characterized the nanohybrids’ powder and surfaces using a series of sophisticated microscopy tools, including transmission and scanning electron microscopes (TEM and SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). We used culturing methods to demonstrate that Cu-Ag nanohybrids with high amounts of Cu (~65 and 78 wt%) and lower amounts of Ag (~7 and 9 wt%) inhibited SARS-CoV-2 efficiently. Collectively, the present work reveals the rapid SARS-CoV-2 surface inhibition and the promising application of such surfaces to break the SARS-CoV-2 transmission chain. For example, such applications could be invaluable within a hospital or live-stock settings, or any public place with surfaces that people frequently touch (i.e., public transportation, shopping malls, elevators, and door handles) after the precise control of different parameters and toxicity evaluations.

The Ghanaian Flora as a Potential Source of Anthelmintic and Anti-Schistosomal Agents

Parasitic infections including schistosomiasis and soil transmitted helminthiasis are the most commonly encountered Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) in the world. These diseases remain a major public health concern affecting millions of people especially those living in poor regions where access to effective conventional health care is a challenge. Interventions to control these infections in endemic areas have not been successful due to the high cost of drugs, limited availability as well as inequity of access to preventive chemotherapies. Another problem is the development resistance to the limited number of recommended medications due to their intensive use in both human and live-stock. There is an increasing awareness of the potential of natural products as chemotherapeutic agents to combat parasitic infections. Natural products may offer an unlimited source of chemically diverse drug molecules which may be safe, efficient, less toxic, less expensive and readily available for use especially in low-income countries. The Ghanaian flora provides such a ready source for new therapeutic interventions for the local population. Several researches have provided evidence of the anti-parasitic activity of Ghanaian medicinal plants. This chapter provides a review with special focus on medicinal plants collected from Ghana with anthelmintic and anti-schistosomal activity. Evidence of pharmacological activities of crude extracts, fractions and bioactive phytoconstituents as well as possible mechanisms of action where investigated are discussed.

Stock Market Prediction Using LSTM

This paper aims to develop an innovative neural network approach to achieve better stock market predictions. Data were obtained from the live stock market for real-time and off-line analysis and results of visualizations and analytics to demonstrate Internet of Multimedia of Things for stock analysis. To study the influence of market characteristics on stock prices, traditional neural network algorithms may incorrectly predict the stock market, since the initial weight of the random selection problem can be easily prone to incorrect predictions. Based on the development of word vector in deep learning, we demonstrate the concept of “stock vector.” The input is no longer a single index or single stock index, but multi-stock high-dimensional historical data. We propose the deep long short-term memory neural network (LSTM) with embedded layer and the long short-term memory neural network with automatic encoder to predict the stock market. In these two models, we use the embedded layer and the automatic encoder, respectively, to vectorize the data, in a bid to forecast the stock via long short-term memory neural network. The experimental results show that the deep LSTM with embedded layer is better.

SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL BASES OF INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF LIVESTOCK IN THE CONDITIONS OF CENTRAL KAZAKHSTAN

The analysis demonstrates that the growth of animal products is provided, mainly by the private subsidiary farmings and households (PSF and HH), where is concentrated more than 80% of cattle and poultry. Meanwhile, small-scale seasonal production prevails in this sector, which, as practice shows, sometimes does not meet the requirements of the processing industry, and the output products cannot be competitive domestically, especially on the foreign markets. Consequently, the purpose of these scientific and production researches were the development of the conceptual framework for the improvement of the efficiency of live-stock animal breeding in the rural regions of Central Kazakhstan, which have lion shares of pasture land and underground minerals of the country. A distinctive feature of the operating system of the small economy management forms in rural regions of Akmola, Karaganda, North-Kazakhstani, and South-Kazakhstani areas has been studied. The modern abstract-logical, economic-mathematical and statistical methods, common research methods in the area of livestock section are applied in the scientific researches, experiments: All-Russia Research and Development Institute of Livestock Breeding, VIZH, VASKHNIL, and also data on the development of cattle breeding of the region before and post-privatization periods of the rural reform was used. On the basis of long-term research work, the author having identified the main problems, is developing a comprehensive program for the development of animal husbandry in four areas, that is, to improve systems: economy management, fodder production, subsidies and breeding. According to the research, the principles and conceptual foundations of improving the efficiency of breeding domestic farm animals have been developed. At the same time, the principles of a systematic approach, feedback, the need to describe the regulatory impacts of the state, the functional composition and structure of the system of economic models at the level of rural regions are distinguished and justified.

DYNAMICS OF NUMBER AND PRODUCTIVITY OF DAIRY AND MEAT-DAIRY COWS IN RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Представлен анализ изменения численности пробонитированного поголовья молочного и молочно-мясного скота и уровня его продуктивности в разрезе пород в РФ за 1999—2019 гг. Изучены данные ежегодной зоотехнической отчетности подконтрольных стад. В настоящее время все подконтрольное поголовье сосредоточенно в 2564 стадах, в том числе 1074 племенных. Доминирующее положение по численности животных сохраняется за популяцией скота черно-пестрой породы (49%). Отмечается стабильный рост поголовья голштинской породы. Заметно снижается численность комбинированных пород. Маточное поголовье симментальской породы сократилось более чем в 7 раз, холмогорской — в 3,5, красной степной — в 4,8, ярославской — в 2,8, бестужевской — в 14,1, сычевской — в 7,5 и костромской породы — в 4,5 раза. Молочная продуктивность по всем породам за 20 лет в среднем увеличилась на 4487 кг, или в 2,6 раза при незначительном изменении массовой доли жира и белка в молоке. Analysis of changing the number of valuated dairy and meat-dairy live stock and its productivity in Russia for the period of 1999—2019 is presented. The data of annual zootechnic reports of controlled herds is studied. At present all the controlled population is in 2564 herds including 1074 pedigree ones. Number supremacy of animals is for the black-and-white breed (49%). Consistent growth of the Holstein breed is on the rise. The number of combined breeds is decreasing. Nuclear herd of Simmental breed has been decreased about more than 7 times, Kholmogorskaya — about 3,5, Red Steppe — about 4,8, Yaroslavskaya — about 2,8, Bestuzhevskaya — about 14,1, Suchevskaya — about 7,5, Kostromskaya — about 4,5. Milk production of all the breeds for the last 20 years has been increased by 4487 kg or by 2,6 times while insignificant changes in weight content of fat and protein in milk are observed.