scholarly journals BODY WEIGHT AS A DETERMINANT OF CLINICAL EVOLUTION IN HAMSTERS (Mesocricetus auratus) INFECTED WITH Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 357-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Maria Gomez-Galindo ◽  
Lucy Gabriela Delgado-Murcia
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Species ◽  
Mesocricetus Auratus ◽  
Clinical Parameter ◽  
Additional Parameter ◽  
Hamster Model ◽  
Clinical Evolution ◽  
Infected Adult

SUMMARY The clinical outcome of infection with Leishmania species of the subgenus Viannia in hamster model (Mesocricetus auratus) has shown to be different depending on experimental protocol. Body weight has been a relevant determinant of the clinical outcome of the infection in hamsters with visceral leishmaniasis but its importance as a clinical parameter in hamsters with cutaneous leishmaniasis is not known. In this study, the clinical evolution of infection with L. (V) panamensis was evaluated in juvenile and adult male hamsters during 11 weeks by comparing clinical parameters such as attitude, temperature, respiratory rate, appearance of the stool, and body weight between infected and non-infected groups. Results showed that body weight decreased in adult hamsters after infection by L. (V) panamensis; this observation supports the use of body weight as an additional parameter to define the management or treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis in infected adult hamsters used as an animal experimental model for leishmaniasis.

The Role of CD1a expression in the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis, its relationship with Leishmania species and clinicopathological features

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasemin Yuyucu Karabulut ◽  
Funda KuŞ Bozkurt ◽  
Ümit Türsen ◽  
Gül Bayram ◽  
Gülhan Örekeci Temel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Species ◽  
Clinicopathological Features

scholarly journals Film-Forming Systems for the Delivery of DNDI-0690 to Treat Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 516
Author(s):  
Katrien Van Bocxlaer ◽  
Kerri-Nicola McArthur ◽  
Andy Harris ◽  
Mo Alavijeh ◽  
Stéphanie Braillard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Mouse Skin ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Leishmania Species ◽  
Lesion Size ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Sustained Drug Delivery ◽  
Film Forming ◽  
The Impact

In cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), parasites reside in the dermis, creating an opportunity for local drug administration potentially reducing adverse effects and improving treatment adherence compared to current therapies. Polymeric film-forming systems (FFSs) are directly applied to the skin and form a thin film as the solvent evaporates. In contrast to conventional topical dosage forms, FFSs strongly adhere to the skin, favouring sustained drug delivery to the affected site, reducing the need for frequent applications, and enhancing patient compliance. This study reports the first investigation of the use of film-forming systems for the delivery of DNDI-0690, a nitroimidazole compound with potent activity against CL-causing Leishmania species. A total of seven polymers with or without plasticiser were evaluated for drying time, stickiness, film-flexibility, and cosmetic attributes; three FFSs yielded a positive evaluation for all test parameters. The impact of each of these FFSs on the permeation of the model skin permeant hydrocortisone (hydrocortisone, 1% (w/v) across the Strat-M membrane was evaluated, and the formulations resulting in the highest and lowest permeation flux (Klucel LF with triethyl citrate and Eudragit RS with dibutyl sebacate, respectively) were selected as the FFS vehicle for DNDI-0690. The release and skin distribution of the drug upon application to Leishmania-infected and uninfected BALB/c mouse skin were examined using Franz diffusion cells followed by an evaluation of the efficacy of both DNDI-0690 FFSs (1% (w/v)) in an experimental CL model. Whereas the Eudragit film resulted in a higher permeation of DNDI-0690, the Klucel film was able to deposit four times more drug into the skin, where the parasite resides. Of the FFSs formulations, only the Eudragit system resulted in a reduced parasite load, but not reduced lesion size, when compared to the vehicle only control. Whereas drug delivery into the skin was successfully modulated using different FFS systems, the FFS systems selected were not effective for the topical application of DNDI-0690. The convenience and aesthetic of FFS systems alongside their ability to modulate drug delivery to and into the skin merit further investigation using other promising antileishmanial drugs.

scholarly journals Topical treatment of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis in golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) with formulations containing pentamidine

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Dantas COMANDOLLI-WYREPKOWSKI ◽  
Iryna GRAFOVA ◽  
Maricleide de Farias NAIFF ◽  
Maurizio AVELLA ◽  
Gennaro GENTILE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Topical Treatment ◽  
Usnic Acid ◽  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Mesocricetus Auratus ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Golden Hamsters ◽  
Pentamidine Isethionate

ABSTRACT Current treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) relies mainly on pentavalent antimonials salts and second-line drugs include pentamidine and amphotericin B, but these therapies have side effects and require parenteral administration. The aim of this work was to evaluate the topical formulations containing pentamidine isethionate (PI) in the experimental treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) were infected in the nose with Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. Six treatment groups received different topical treatments of anhydrous or hydrating emulsions, for a maximum of 10 days, with an application of 50 mg day-1. After treatment tissue samples of lesions were evaluated by histology, transmission electron microscopy and biopsy cultivation. Compared with untreated group, topical treatment with hydrating emulsion with 10% PI and usnic acid (ACE5AU) showed significantly decrease in volume lesion (P= 0.028) on 20th day after the end of the treatment with reduction of 27.37%. Topical treatment with anhydrous emulsion with 10% PI and usnic acid (ACPU) reduces parasite burden in Golden hamsters. This study demonstrated the potential of topical treatment to reduce the number of parasites that could be combined with others drugs and to have a faster and more effective treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

scholarly journals Macrophage Polarization in the Skin Lesion Caused by Neotropical Species of Leishmania sp

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Carmen M. Sandoval Pacheco ◽  
Gabriela V. Araujo Flores ◽  
Kadir Gonzalez ◽  
Claudia M. de Castro Gomes ◽  
Luiz F. D. Passero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Leishmania Species ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
M2 Macrophage ◽  
M2 Macrophages ◽  
Intracellular Parasites ◽  
Skin Biopsies ◽  
Acquired Immune Responses

Macrophages play important roles in the innate and acquired immune responses against Leishmania parasites. Depending on the subset and activation status, macrophages may eliminate intracellular parasites; however, these host cells also can offer a safe environment for Leishmania replication. In this sense, the fate of the parasite may be influenced by the phenotype of the infected macrophage, linked to the subtype of classically activated (M1) or alternatively activated (M2) macrophages. In the present study, M1 and M2 macrophage subsets were analyzed by double-staining immunohistochemistry in skin biopsies from patients with American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) caused by L. (L.) amazonensis, L. (V.) braziliensis, L. (V.) panamensis ,and L. (L.) infantum chagasi. High number of M1 macrophages was detected in nonulcerated cutaneous leishmaniasis (NUCL) caused by L. (L.) infantum chagasi ( M 1 = 112 ± 12 , M 2 = 43 ± 12 cells/mm2). On the other side, high density of M2 macrophages was observed in the skin lesions of patients with anergic diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (ADCL) ( M 1 = 195 ± 25 , M 2 = 616 ± 114 ), followed by cases of localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) caused by L. (L.) amazonensis ( M 1 = 97 ± 24 , M 2 = 219 ± 29 ), L. (V.) panamensis ( M 1 = 71 ± 14 , M 2 = 164 ± 14 ), and L. (V.) braziliensis ( M 1 = 50 ± 13 , M 2 = 53 ± 10 ); however, low density of M2 macrophages was observed in NUCL. The data presented herein show the polarization of macrophages in skin lesions caused by different Leishmania species that may be related with the outcome of the disease.

scholarly journals The influence of extreme body weight on clinical outcome of patients with venous thromboembolism: findings from a prospective registry (RIETE)

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 856-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. BARBA ◽  
J. MARCO ◽  
H. MARTIN-ALVAREZ ◽  
P. RONDON ◽  
C. FERNANDEZ-CAPITAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Clinical Outcome

Effects of Patient Demographics, Risperidone Dosage, and Clinical Outcome on Body Weight in Acutely Exacerbated Schizophrenia

2003 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsien-Yuan Lane ◽  
Yue-Cune Chang ◽  
Yiao-Cheung Cheng ◽  
Guang-Chyi Liu ◽  
Xing-Ru Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Patient Demographics

scholarly journals Phlebotomine sand flies and Leishmania species in a focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Algeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. e0008024
Author(s):  
Roumaissa Gherbi ◽  
Mustapha Bounechada ◽  
Maria Stefania Latrofa ◽  
Giada Annoscia ◽  
Viviana Domenica Tarallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Leishmania Species ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Phlebotomine Sand Flies

scholarly journals OX40+ T lymphocytes and IFN-γ are associated with American tegumentary leishmaniasis pathogenesis

2012 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 851-855
Author(s):  
Patrícia Luciana Batista Domingos ◽  
Agostinho Gonçalves Viana ◽  
Carlos Alberto de Carvalho Fraga ◽  
Paulo Rogério Ferreti Bonan
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Leishmania Species ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Skin Ulcers ◽  
American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis ◽  
Ifn Γ

BACKGROUND: Leishmaniases are zoonoses considered a public health problem, representing a complex group of diseases with a broad clinical spectrum and epidemiological diversity. Leishmaniasis is caused by several species of protozoa of the genus Leishmania. The evolution of the pathology and the resolution of the leishmaniasis are dependent mainly on the Leishmania species involved, although the cytokine profile plays an important role in the development of the immune response. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the immune response of patients affected by lesions of cutaneous leishmaniasis by immunostaining of the OX40, CD20, IFN-γ and IL-4 proteins. METHODS: The tissue samples were collected from indolent skin ulcers confirmed as cutaneous leishmaniasis of 41 patients aged between six and 90 years. The lesions were submitted to OX40, CD20, INF-γ and IL-4 immunolabeling. RESULTS: We observed a statistically significant higher expression of IFN-γ compared with IL-4 (p=0.009). Besides, OX40 had higher expression when compared with CD20 (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The present study indicates that the immune response in lesions of cutaneous leishmaniasis is associated with a healing process, which can be explained by the higher expression of IFN-γ when compared with IL4 protein levels.

scholarly journals Thrombolysis related symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage in estimated versus measured body weight

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
T Truc My Nguyen ◽  
Stephanie IW van de Stadt ◽  
Adrien E Groot ◽  
Marieke JH Wermer ◽  
Heleen M den Hertog ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Intracranial Hemorrhage ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Intravenous Thrombolysis ◽  
Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Tissue Plasminogen ◽  
Symptomatic Intracranial Hemorrhage

Background and aim In acute ischemic stroke, under- or overestimation of body weight can lead to dosing errors of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator with consequent reduced efficacy or increased risk of hemorrhagic complications. Measurement of body weight is more accurate than estimation of body weight but potentially leads to longer door-to-needle times. Our aim was to assess if weight modality (estimation of body weight versus measurement of body weight) is associated with (i) symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage rate, (ii) clinical outcome, and (iii) door-to-needle times. Methods Consecutive patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis between 2009 and 2016 from 14 hospitals were included. Baseline characteristics and outcome parameters were retrieved from medical records. We defined symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage according to the European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study (ECASS)-III definition and clinical outcome was assessed with the modified Rankin Scale. The association of weight modality and outcome parameters was estimated with regression analyses. Results A total of 4801 patients were included. Five hospitals used measurement of body weight (n = 1753), six hospitals used estimation of body weight (n = 2325), and three hospitals (n = 723) changed from estimation of body weight to measurement of body weight during the study period. In 2048 of the patients (43%), measurement of body weight was used and in 2753 (57%), estimation of body weight. In the measurement of body weight group, an inbuilt weighing bed was used in 1094 patients (53%) and a patient lift scale in 954 patients (47%). In the estimation of body weight group, policy regarding estimation was similar. Estimation of body weight was not associated with increased symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage risk (adjusted odds ratio = 1.16; 95% confidence interval 0.83–1.62) or favorable outcome (adjusted odds ratio = 0.99; 95% confidence interval 0.82–1.21), but it was significantly associated with longer door-to-needle times compared to measurement of body weight using an inbuilt weighing bed (adjusted B = 3.57; 95% confidence interval 1.33–5.80) and shorter door-to-needle times compared to measurement of body weight using a patient lift scale (−3.96; 95% confidence interval −6.38 to −1.53). Conclusion We did not find evidence that weight modality (estimation of body weight versus measurement of body weight) to determine recombinant tissue plasminogen activator dose in intravenous thrombolysis eligible patients is associated with symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage or clinical outcome. We did find that estimation of body weight leads to longer door-to-needle times compared to measurement of body weight using an inbuilt weighing bed and to shorter door-to-needle times compared to measurement of body weight using a patient lift scale.

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