scholarly journals Human parvovirus B19 infection in HIV-positive patients

2001 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio S. Aguiar ◽  
Daniella P. Lopes ◽  
Anna Ricordi Bazin ◽  
Sérgio Setúbal ◽  
Bernard J. Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Parvovirus B19 ◽  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Parvovirus B19 Infection ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Parvovirus B19 infects predominantly erythroid cells, leading to transient inhibition of erythropoiesis. Immunocompromised patients may be unable to produce neutralizing antibodies and may develop severe chronic anemia. Epidemiological studies done on Niterói population showed that B19 infection occurs periodically in late spring and summer. We report a study from 55 HIV infected patients attending an infectious diseases outpatient clinic in this city during a 5-month period in which B19 circulation was well documented. All patients were under anti-retroviral therapy. No anti-B19 IgM was found, but a high prevalence of IgG anti-B19 (91%) was observed. In six patients, B19 DNA was found by dot-blot hybridization techniques, but this was not confirmed by PCR. None of these 6 patients manifested anemia and only one had CD4 cell count below 200 x 10(7)/L. We conclude that persistent infection causing anemia is an infrequent finding in our HIV positive patients under drug therapy.

Homelessness among an inpatient HIV-positive cohort at a tertiary care hospital in central London

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 705-707
Author(s):  
Venkateshwaran Sivaraj ◽  
Rudiger Pittrof ◽  
Olubanke Davies ◽  
Ranjababu Kulasegaram
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Hiv Viral Load ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell

A cohort review was conducted at a central London tertiary care hospital trust on the prevalence of homelessness among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive inpatients over a year. Data were collected on the duration of inpatient stay, co-morbidities including acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining illnesses, co-infections, initiation of antiretroviral therapy, CD4 cell count, HIV viral load and substance misuse. Homeless people were found to be at high risk for hepatitis C, mental health illness, substance misuse including injecting drug use, recurrent bacterial infections, AIDS-associated illnesses, lower CD4 cell counts and HIV viremia. They also had more missed HIV outpatient appointments. It was highlighted that a multidisciplinary approach in their care was necessary to address their needs and reduce the morbidity burden in this cohort.

scholarly journals Exogenous Isolation of Antibiotic Resistance Plasmids from Piggery Manure Slurries Reveals a High Prevalence and Diversity of IncQ-Like Plasmids

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 4854-4862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kornelia Smalla ◽  
Holger Heuer ◽  
Antje Götz ◽  
Dagmar Niemeyer ◽  
Ellen Krögerrecklenfort ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Ralstonia Eutropha ◽  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
Restriction Pattern ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Resistance Plasmids ◽  
Incq Plasmids ◽  
K 12

ABSTRACT Antibiotic resistance plasmids were exogenously isolated in biparental matings with piggery manure bacteria as plasmid donors inEscherichia coli CV601 and Pseudomonas putidaUWC1 recipients. Surprisingly, IncQ-like plasmids were detected by dot blot hybridization with an IncQ oriV probe in severalP. putida UWC1 transconjugants. The capture of IncQ-like plasmids in biparental matings indicates not only their high prevalence in manure slurries but also the presence of efficiently mobilizing plasmids. In order to elucidate unusual hybridization data (weak or no hybridization with IncQ repB or IncQ oriTprobes) four IncQ-like plasmids (pIE1107, pIE1115, pIE1120, and pIE1130), each representing a different EcoRV restriction pattern, were selected for a more thorough plasmid characterization after transfer into E. coli K-12 strain DH5α by transformation. The characterization of the IncQ-like plasmids revealed an astonishingly high diversity with regard to phenotypic and genotypic properties. Four different multiple antibiotic resistance patterns were found to be conferred by the IncQ-like plasmids. The plasmids could be mobilized by the RP4 derivative pTH10 into Acinetobactersp., Ralstonia eutropha, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and P. putida, but they showed diverse patterns of stability under nonselective growth conditions in different host backgrounds. Incompatibility testing and PCR analysis clearly revealed at least two different types of IncQ-like plasmids. PCR amplification of total DNA extracted directly from different manure samples and other environments indicated the prevalence of both types of IncQ plasmids in manure, sewage, and farm soil. These findings suggest that IncQ plasmids play an important role in disseminating antibiotic resistance genes.

scholarly journals Assessment of Markers of Depression and CD4 Cell Count among Adult HIV-Positive Patients on Anti-Retroviral at a Nigerian University Teaching Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-290
Author(s):  
A. Amoko ◽  
P.O. Ajiboye ◽  
F.A. Olagunju ◽  
R.O. Shittu
Keyword(s):  
Family Medicine ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
P Value ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Objective: Depression is a common mental health problem among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA); because low count of lymphocytes with  cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4 cell count) is associated with severe symptoms of HIV infection, there are thoughts that low CD4 cells count can provoke depressive illness. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between CD4 count and depression among adult HIV positivepatients attending Family Medicine clinics at University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH), Ilorin, Nigeria.Method: A hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study was done over a period of 6 months among 350 systematically randomly selected adult HIV-positive patients. PHQ-9 was used to obtain information on depression and the CD4 count was determined using a flow-cytometric method. Data were obtained and analyzed using SPSS-17. Chi-square was used to determine degree of association between the depression and the level of CD4 count. P-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: The prevalence of depression among the respondents was 33.4%. The prevalence of depression was highest among respondents with low CD4 count (≤349cells/ul), 37.0%, and least among those with high CD4 count (≥500cells/ul), 28.3%. This relationship was however not statistically significant.Conclusion: The overall prevalence of depression was high among the respondents (33.4%) suggesting the need for routine depression screening among HIV positive patients. There was no statistically significant association between presence of depression and level of CD4 count (p-value=0.302). Keywords: Depression, CD4count, PLWHA, Family Medicine, UITH.

scholarly journals The correlation of tuberculosis smear results and immuno-suppression with CD4+ counts as a surrogate marker among HIV infected patients.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kingsley Kamvuma ◽  
Yusuf ademola ◽  
Warren Chanda ◽  
Christopher Newton Phiri ◽  
Sam Bezza Phiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Cd4 Counts ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Abstract Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and M.tuberculosis are two intracellular pathogens that interact at the cellular, clinical and population levels. Since the recognition of AIDS in 1981, the number of reported cases of TB in the has increased substantially, especially in regions with high incidence of AIDS. The main aim of this study was to establish weather there is a relationship between sputum smear positives and low CD4 cell counts among HIV infected patients.Materials and methods: This was a retrospective study involving 473 participants. The patients recruited in this study were those who tested HIV positive and smear positive for TB. Their HIV status was determined by performing an HIV blood test, if they were HIV positive their CD4 cell count were then made.Results: This study examined the relation between smear positivity and low CD4 (below 200cells/µl) together with CD8 and CD3 markers as a measure of immune function among patients infected with HIV. The study participants’ constituted males 67% and females 33%. The overall mean age was 33.2 (SD 6.9) with the youngest and oldest participants being 18 and 60 respectively. It was found that smear positive results negatively (r=-0.13; p=0.021) correlated with CD4+ below 200 cells/µl. No correlation was observed between smear positives and CD8+ or CD3+ since the calculated correlation coefficient was not significant 0.007 (p=0.9) and 0.03 (p=0.6) respectively. There are more 3+ smear results below 200 cells/µl than the others while above 200 cells/µl 1+ was the most commonly reported smear result. The scanty smear positives were the least commonly reported result in the low and high CD4 counts. Conclusion: The smear positive result negatively correlated with a low CD4+ (r=-0.13; p=0.021) but no correlation with low CD+8 and CD+3 results was observed. The long held theory that low bacillary counts in patients with low CD4+ counts needs to be revisited. The reduction of CD4+ cell count parallels' that of the total lymphocyte count and is more marked in patients with high bacillary counts. Further, studies are required to confirm these findings

Tyramide signal amplification of biotinylated probe in dot-blot hybridization assay for the detection of parvovirus B19 DNA in serum samples

2000 ◽  
Vol 302 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 79-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marialuisa Zerbini ◽  
Monica Cricca ◽  
Giovanna Gentilomi ◽  
Simona Venturoli ◽  
Giorgio Gallinella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Amplification ◽  
Parvovirus B19 ◽  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
Hybridization Assay ◽  
Tyramide Signal Amplification ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Dot Blot Hybridization

scholarly journals Human Parvovirus B19

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik D. Heegaard ◽  
Kevin E. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Parvovirus B19 ◽  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
Immunocompromised Host ◽  
Pure Red Cell Aplasia ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
Erythema Infectiosum ◽  
Erythroid Progenitor ◽  
Erythroid Progenitor Cells ◽  
Transient Aplastic Crisis

SUMMARY Parvovirus B19 (B19) was discovered in 1974 and is the only member of the family Parvoviridae known to be pathogenic in humans. Despite the inability to propagate the virus in cell cultures, much has been learned about the pathophysiology of this virus, including the identification of the cellular receptor (P antigen), and the control of the virus by the immune system. B19 is widespread, and manifestations of infection vary with the immunologic and hematologic status of the host. In healthy immunocompetent individuals B19 is the cause of erythema infectiosum and, particularly in adults, acute symmetric polyarthropathy. Due to the tropism of B19 to erythroid progenitor cells, infection in individuals with an underlying hemolytic disorder causes transient aplastic crisis. In the immunocompromised host persistent B19 infection is manifested as pure red cell aplasia and chronic anemia. Likewise, the immature immune response of the fetus may render it susceptible to infection, leading to fetal death in utero, hydrops fetalis, or development of congenital anemia. B19 has also been suggested as the causative agent in a variety of clinical syndromes, but given the common nature, causality is often difficult to infer. Diagnosis is primarily based on detection of specific antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or detection of viral DNA by dot blot hybridization or PCR. Treatment of persistent infection with immunoglobulin reduces the viral load and results in a marked resolution of anemia. Vaccine phase I trials show promising results.

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