scholarly journals Brachyuran crustaceans from the bycatch of prawn fisheries at the mouth of the Amazon river

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jô de Farias Lima ◽  
Thibério Carvalho da Silva ◽  
Luis Mauricio Abdon da Silva ◽  
Jamile da Silva Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Amazon River ◽  
Collection Site ◽  
Male Specimen ◽  
Representative Species ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Lower Biomass ◽  
Number Of Males ◽  
Collection Sites

The present paper is a pioneering study on the Brachyura bycatch associated with the artisan prawn fisheries at the mouth of the Amazon River. The study was conducted at four collection sites distributed along the mouth of the Amazon River between the months of January/2009 and January/2010. The animals were caught using handcrafted traps called "matapi", which are used by prawn fisherman in the region. Twenty matapis were used at each collection site. A total of 145 specimens were captured and six species were identified, all belonging to the Trichodactylidae family - Sylviocarcinus maldonadoensis, S. pictus, S. devillei, Valdivia serrata, Dilocarcinus septemdentatus and D. pagei. The most representative species, S. maldonadoensis, S. pictus and S. devillei were classified as regular. Regarding the composition of the capture, there were three specimens of D. pagei , only one male specimen of D. septemdentatus, forty-eight specimens of S. maldonadoensis, sixty-eight specimens of S. pictus, twenty-two specimens of S. devillei and three specimens of V. serrata. In all months, the brachyuran fauna showed a considerably lower biomass when compared to the prawns, representing only 5% of the catch, in a ratio of 1:0.06. For most species, the number of males was always higher than the number of females in almost all collection months.

scholarly journals Chironomidae (Diptera) do Estado do Tocantins, Brasil

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emiliano De Angelis Reis ◽  
Arlindo Serpa Filho ◽  
Verônica Marchon Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
New Records ◽  
The State ◽  
Collection Site ◽  
Southern State ◽  
Manual Sampling ◽  
Collection Sites

Inventariou-se a fauna de Chironomidae presente no sul do estado do Tocantins, Brasil. Foram realizadas seis coletas bimestrais em 45 locais de coleta com características lóticas no ano de 2006. O material foi coletado manualmente em diversos ambientes, onde verificou-se a abundância e a constância de Chironomidae. A partir do material coletado identificou-se 511 espécimes, montados em lâminas permanentes. Registramos a ocorrência de 30 gêneros distribuídos em três subfamílias (Chironominae, Orthocladiinae e Tanypodinae). Orthocladiinae foi a mais abundante constituindo 55% do total das larvas identificadas. Cricotopus foi o gênero mais abundante, representando 35,20% das larvas totais identificadas, seguido de Thienemanniella 14,85%, Rheotanytarsus 13,65% e Polypedilum 11,90%. A subfamília que apresentou o maior número de gêneros foi Chironominae com 18. O local de coleta mais abundante foi ENP1 com 70 espécimes, seguido de ENPN15 com 65. Os locais ENPN14 e ENP1 foram os que apresentaram o maior número de gêneros, com 11 em cada, ENP1 apresentou o maior número de gêneros acessórios com seis, seguido de EN147 com três gêneros acessórios. Neste estudo não observamos nenhum gênero constante. Todos os gêneros encontrados constituem novas ocorrências para o estado do Tocantins, sendo que 12, até o momento não possuem espécies descritas para o Brasil.Chironomidae (Diptera) to State of Tocantins, Brazil Abstract. Inventoried to Chironomidae fauna in the southern state of Tocantins, Brazil. Were carried out six collections bimonthly on 45 collection sites with lotic characteristics in 2006. The material was collected manually, at manual sampling in the various environments, where we verified abundance and constancy of Chironomidae. From the collected material was identified 511 specimens mounted on permanent slides. We recorded the occurrence of 30 genera distributed in three subfamilies (Chironominae, Orthocladiinae and Tanypodinae). Orthocladiinae was the most abundant constituting 55% of total identified larvae. Cricotopus was the most abundant, representing 35.20% of the total identified larvae, followed by Thienemanniella 14.85%, Rheotanytarsus 13.65% and Polypedilum 11.90%. The subfamily with the highest number of genera, was Chironominae with 18. The most abundant collection site, was ENP1 with 70 specimens, followed by ENPN15 with 65. The collection sites ENPN14 and ENP1 were those with the greatest number of genera, with 11 genera each, ENP1 had the largest number of accessories genera with six, followed by EN147 with three accessories genera. In this study we did not observed any constant genera. All genera found are new records for the state of Tocantins, and 12, have not yet described species for Brazil.

scholarly journals Phasmomantella gen. nov., a spectacular new genus of praying mantis from southern Central Vietnam (Mantodea, Mantidae, Deroplatyinae, Euchomenellini)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier H.C. Vermeersch
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Collection Site ◽  
Single Male ◽  
Praying Mantis ◽  
Male Specimen ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Central Vietnam ◽  
Southern Central

The new genus Phasmomantella gen. nov. is created to accommodate the new species P. nuichuana gen. et sp. nov. described from five adult females from Núi Chúa National Park in southern Central Vietnam. A second species, Phasmomantella pallida (Roy, 2001) gen. et comb. nov., is transferred from Euchomenella where it was originally described based on a single male specimen from the Nha Trang region in the Khánh Hòa Province. Phasmomantella gen. nov. is placed in the tribe Euchomenellini of the subfamily Deroplatyinae. A comprehensive diagnosis and detailed descriptions are presented along with high-resolution photographs, measurements and a distribution map. The standardised measurements are illustrated and a new key is proposed for the tribe Euchomenellini. The unique biogeography and habitats of the collection site within Núi Chúa National Park are discussed in the light of possible endemism and importance for nature conservation.

Australian C4 Grasses (Poaceae) - Leaf Blade Anatomical Features in Relation to C-4 Acid Decarboxylation Types

1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 355 ◽  
Author(s):  
HDV Prendergast ◽  
PW Hattersley
Keyword(s):  
Malic Enzyme ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase ◽  
C4 Grasses ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
C4 Grass ◽  
Representative Species ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Arid And Semiarid

Using fresh, preserved and herbarium material we have examined the leaf blade anatomy of the Australian C4 grass flora (Poaceae) in relation to C4 acid decarboxylation type (NADP-malic enzyme, NADP-ME; NAD-malic enzyme, NAD-ME; phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, PCK). Our survey included almost all species of the subfamilies Arundinoideae and Chloridoideae and of the panicoid genus Panicum. We sampled all genera for the Panicoideae but for many only representative species were examined. Our data are cross-referenced with available anatomical and biochemical data on C4 types, in particular with our own, which show a number of somewhat taxonomically predictable exceptions to established anatomical/biochemical correlations. We briefly consider C4 types in relation to geographical distribution, pointing out that NAD-ME type species are poorly represented in agronomical research on the arid and semiarid zone, where many of these occur.

A note on parasitisation of top borer by Isotima javensis Rohwer (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 82-84
Author(s):  
Arun Baitha ◽  
G. M. Tripathi ◽  
Ram Ji Lal ◽  
Rashmi Nigam
Keyword(s):  
Control Programme ◽  
Alternate Host ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Top Borer ◽  
Release Technique ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Parthenogenetic Reproduction ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Number Of Males ◽  
Very High

Isotima javensis is a solitary ecto parasitoid of the sugarcane top borer, S. exceptalis. It attacks the prepupal stage and deposits an egg either on the prepupa or near its vicinity. The extent of parasitisation was observed 2.12%, 4.28%, 7.14%, 5.88% and 5.23 % in I, II, III, IV and V broods of top borer, respectively. The contribution of mortality of pupae of the top borer by parasitisation is high in III and IV broods (Aug-Oct), the time when the brood infestation remains generally very high. The maximum female ratio (59.72%) was observed in III brood of parasitisation followed by 55.20 % in IV brood. In I and II broods, however more or less equal number of males and females can be observed in the field. Equality in the sex ratio at this time ensures fertilisation of almost all the females for retaining the vigour and vitality of the species. The absence of unfertilized parasites naturally removes the chances of parthenogenetic reproduction and thus the number of females gradually rises in the succeeding season. It is concluded that there are several attributes of parasitoid i.e. specific parasite of top borer; its life cycle is much shorter than its host; active throughout the period of activity of the host and even it hibernates under north Indian conditions which make it a good biocontrol agent. It is suggested that parasitoid may be exploited in biological control programme, more detailed study is required for mass multiplication in the laboratory on an alternate host, release technique and survival in the sugarcane field.

A parthenogenetic Varanus

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Fingerprinting ◽  
Male Specimen ◽  
Unisexual Reproduction ◽  
And Bisexual ◽  
Almost All

AbstractWe report on a case of parthenogenesis in the varanid lizard Varanus panoptes. Parthenogenesis was observed in a female kept alone for three years. A clutch was deposited from which a single egg could be secured and incubated. Incubation was successful and a male specimen hatched. Obviously the newborn was produced without contribution of a father. After the unisexual reproduction, the mother was kept with males and bisexual reproduction was observed, too. We performed DNA Fingerprinting and showed that the parthenogen and its mother exhibit almost identical DNA patterns. The bisexually produced offspring has only a subset of bands in common with the mother and another subset in common with the father. Thus DNA Fingerprinting is in accordance with our observations and confims parthenogenesis.We compare our results with existing cytological models of parthenogenesis and point out the following: 1. The mode of parthenogenesis described here is facultative, as the mother was able to reproduce in the bisexual mode as well. 2. The parthenogen is male and hence not a clone of the mother. 3. Almost complete heredity of maternal Fingerprint markers. All these points considered our case seem to fit to no known model of parthenogenesis exactly. But an additional recombination could result homogamety (would explain the sex of the parthenogen) while expressing almost all maternal bands.

scholarly journals Detection of Streptococcus agalactiae colonization in pregnant women by using combined swab cultures: cross-sectional prevalence study

2010 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Marconi ◽  
Talita Trevizani Rocchetti ◽  
Vera Lúcia Mores Rall ◽  
Lidia Raquel de Carvalho ◽  
Vera Terezinha Medeiros Borges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Single Site ◽  
Collection Site ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Site Design ◽  
Vaginal Introitus ◽  
De Medicina ◽  
Collection Sites

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Maternal Streptococcus agalactiae colonization and early-onset neonatal sepsis have aroused interest in the worldwide literature. Streptococcal neonatal disease is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in the perinatal period, especially among premature neonates. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of maternal streptococcal colonization by using combined swab cultures, compared with swab collection from a single site. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study at Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista. METHODS: Samples were obtained from 405 patients at gestational ages of 35 to 37 weeks. Swabs from the perianal (rectal) region, vaginal introitus and upper lateral vaginal vault were cultured in Todd-Hewitt selective broth. Colonies suggestive of Streptococcus agalactiae were subjected to the catalase and CAMP (Christie, Atkins, Munch-Petersen) tests. To evaluate the positivity of combined swab cultures, Tukey's test was used for comparison of proportions. RESULTS: The prevalence of streptococcal colonization was 25.4%. Among the patients with positive cultures, 28.1% had this at only one collection site, 24.2% simultaneously at two sites and 47.5% at all three sites. Associating the swabs from two collection sites significantly increased streptococcal isolation, compared with a single swab (P < 0.05), except for perianal (rectal) collection. Use of combined swabs from three collection sites showed statistically higher isolation rates. CONCLUSION: In combined swab cultures collected from three collection sites, the prevalence of maternal Streptococcus agalactiae colonization was higher than in swabs collected from a single site.

Revision of the Australian bee fly genus Comptosia (Diptera : Bombyliidae)

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Yeates
Keyword(s):  
Species Group ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Wing Vein ◽  
Pupal Exuviae ◽  
Representative Species ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Range Of Variation

The Australian bee fly genus Comptosia is revised. Alyosia Rondani, Epidosia Hull, Opsonia Hull, Paradosia Hull and Anthocolon Hull are synonymised with Comptosia Macquart. There are 138 species of Comptosia in collections, of which 58 are treated here. The genus is divided into 19 species-groups that encompass the range of variation found in the described and undescribed species. Characters found most useful in forming the species-groups include: distance between the eyes of males, integumental colour, shape of the antenna1 flagellum, form of the labium and subcranial cavity, and shape of the loop in wing vein R2+3;. Keys to species-groups and to species in each group are provided. All, or almost all, of the species in eight of the species-groups are described. In the remaining species-groups, described species are redescribed, or a single representative species described. The number of recognised, but undescribed, species is given for each species-group. Seven new synonymies are proposed at species level: fenestrata Hull = gemina Hardy; aurifrons Macquart and edwardsi Hardy = praeargentata (Macleay); sobricula (Walker) and anthracina (Thomson) = prosimplex (Hardy); fasciafa (Fabricius) = stria (Walker); duofasciata Hull = tendens (Walker). Lectotypes are designated for the following: C. fascipennis Macquart, C. albofasciata (Thomson), C. tendens (Walker), C. duofasciata Hull, C. fenestrata Hull, C. rnaculipennis Macquart, Anthrax inclusa (Walker) and C. casimira Hull. Twenty-six species are redescribed and 32 species (C. paucispina, C. tutela, C. pitereka, C. pilosa, C. caesariata, C. capillata, C. magna, C. speciosa, C. heliophila, C. neosobria, C. kuranda, C. flava, C. sandaraca, C. xanthobasis, C. aurescens, C. paramonovi, C. nitella, C. flexuosa, C. flavipenna, C. insula, C. neobiguttata, C. mackerrasi, C. soror, C. neoapicalis, C. zona, C. thyris, C. calignea, C. lactea, C. mallota, C. scitula, C. acantha and C. microrhynchus) are described as new. Pupal exuviae of five species are described and illustrated.

scholarly journals Genomic Epidemiology of Clostridioides difficile Sequence Types 1 and 2 Across Three US Medical Centers

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s238-s238
Author(s):  
Arianna Miles-Jay ◽  
Vincent Young ◽  
Eric Pamer ◽  
Tor Savidge ◽  
Mini Kamboj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Center ◽  
The United States ◽  
Collection Site ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Genomic Epidemiology ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Recent Transmission ◽  
Genetic Linkages ◽  
Collection Sites

Background:Clostridioides difficile is a toxin-producing bacterium that is the foremost cause of healthcare-associated diarrhea in the United States. Recent epidemiologic and genomic evidence indicates that divergent C. difficile strains have varying propensities for transmission within healthcare settings. We investigated whether and how these differences are reflected in the genomic epidemiology of 2 common C. difficile strains—sequence type (ST) 1 (analogous to Ribotype 027) and ST2 (associated with Ribotypes 014/020)—across 3 geographically distinct US medical centers. Methods: Between 2011 and 2017, a convenience sample of ST1 and ST2 C. difficile clinical isolates were collected from 3 US sites: The University of Michigan Medical Center, Texas Medical Center Hospitals, and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Isolates underwent whole-genome sequencing and in silico multilocus sequence typing to verify strain types. Sequences were mapped to ST1 and ST2 reference genomes and single nucleotide variants (SNVs) were identified, filtered, and used to construct pairwise SNV distance matrices. A range of pairwise SNV distance thresholds were applied to assess genetic linkages consistent with recent transmission within ST1 compared to within ST2. Proportions of genetically linked isolates were compared using 2 tests. Results: We identified 200 ST1 and 188 ST2 isolates across the 3 collection sites. Overall, ST2 was more genetically diverse than ST1 (pairwise SNV distance range, 0–156 SNVs and 0–78 SNVs, respectively). ST2 isolates displayed significantly less evidence of recent transmission: 10 ST2 isolates (5.3%) were within 2 SNVs of another isolate compared to 88 (44%) ST1 isolates (P .001) (Fig. 1). As the SNV threshold increased to 5 and 10 SNVs, this trend was maintained (all P < .001). ST2 isolates were also more likely to be genetically linked to an isolate from a different collection site than ST1 isolates. Among isolates with genetic links to at least 1 other isolate at the 5 SNV and 10 SNV thresholds, 21 of 37 and 74 of 89 ST2 isolates (57%, 83%) were linked to an isolate from a different collection site, compared to 2 of 88 and 48 of 157 ST1 isolates (2% and 31%, respectively; both P < .001). Conclusions: Compared to C. difficile ST1 isolates, ST2 isolates displayed less evidence of recent healthcare transmission and were more likely to be genetically linked to isolates from divergent collection sites. Interpreting genetic linkages among C. difficile isolates requires an understanding of regional and strain-specific genetic diversity to avoid misattribution of genetic linkages to recent transmission.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

Hardseededness in annual clovers: variation between populations from wet and dry environments

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayley C. Norman ◽  
Philip S. Cocks ◽  
Nick W. Galwey
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Collection Site ◽  
The Third ◽  
Annual Legumes ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Collection Sites

Annual legumes rely on hardseededness, a form of seed dormancy, to spread the risk of mortality associated with germination and to encourage germination at the optimal time in a season. This paper examines seed softening strategies of a number of clover (Trifolium) species collected over a range of environments. Three hypotheses are tested. The first is that within species, long-term hardseededness increases with aridity due to the greater chance of failure to reproduce in dry environments. It is tested by comparing seed softening patterns of populations of a number of clover species collected from a range of environments. The second hypothesis, that annual legumes from dry environments have a smaller subset of seed softening strategies than legumes from wetter environments, is tested by comparing the range of seed softening patterns from all species found at collection sites. The third hypothesis is that within-year patterns of seed softening that prevent germination after summer rainfall may partially substitute for long-term hardseededness. It is tested by examining the relationship between within-year hardseededness and between-year hardseededness. Accessions of the same species from different collection sites differed in both within-year pattern of seed softening and long-term hardseededness but there was little evidence that these differences were between ecotypes. Different species from the same collection site did not have similar seed softening strategies, and seed softening strategies of clovers from dry sites were as variable as those from wetter environments. Within-year pattern of seed softening does not appear to substitute for between-year hardseededness as a dormancy strategy.

scholarly journals Divergence together with microbes: A comparative study of the associated microbiomes in the closely related Littorina species

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260792
Author(s):  
Arina L. Maltseva ◽  
Marina A. Varfolomeeva ◽  
Elizaveta R. Gafarova ◽  
Marina A. Z. Panova ◽  
Natalia A. Mikhailova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Low Rank ◽  
Geographic Variability ◽  
Collection Site ◽  
Taxonomic Level ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Collection Sites

Any multicellular organism during its life is involved in relatively stable interactions with microorganisms. The organism and its microbiome make up a holobiont, possessing a unique set of characteristics and evolving as a whole system. This study aimed to evaluate the degree of the conservativeness of microbiomes associated with intertidal gastropods. We studied the composition and the geographic and phylogenetic variability of the gut and body surface microbiomes of five closely related sympatric Littorina (Neritrema) spp. and a more distant species, L. littorea, from the sister subgenus Littorina (Littorina). Although snail-associated microbiomes included many lineages (207–603), they were dominated by a small number of OTUs of the genera Psychromonas, Vibrio, and Psychrilyobacter. The geographic variability was greater than the interspecific differences at the same collection site. While the microbiomes of the six Littorina spp. did not differ at the high taxonomic level, the OTU composition differed between groups of cryptic species and subgenera. A few species-specific OTUs were detected within the collection sites; notably, such OTUs never dominated microbiomes. We conclude that the composition of the high-rank taxa of the associated microbiome (“scaffolding enterotype”) is more evolutionarily conserved than the composition of the low-rank individual OTUs, which may be site- and / or species-specific.

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