Divergence together with microbes: A comparative study of the associated microbiomes in the closely related Littorina species

Any multicellular organism during its life is involved in relatively stable interactions with microorganisms. The organism and its microbiome make up a holobiont, possessing a unique set of characteristics and evolving as a whole system. This study aimed to evaluate the degree of the conservativeness of microbiomes associated with intertidal gastropods. We studied the composition and the geographic and phylogenetic variability of the gut and body surface microbiomes of five closely related sympatric Littorina (Neritrema) spp. and a more distant species, L. littorea, from the sister subgenus Littorina (Littorina). Although snail-associated microbiomes included many lineages (207–603), they were dominated by a small number of OTUs of the genera Psychromonas, Vibrio, and Psychrilyobacter. The geographic variability was greater than the interspecific differences at the same collection site. While the microbiomes of the six Littorina spp. did not differ at the high taxonomic level, the OTU composition differed between groups of cryptic species and subgenera. A few species-specific OTUs were detected within the collection sites; notably, such OTUs never dominated microbiomes. We conclude that the composition of the high-rank taxa of the associated microbiome (“scaffolding enterotype”) is more evolutionarily conserved than the composition of the low-rank individual OTUs, which may be site- and / or species-specific.

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Bark traits, decomposition and flammability of Australian forest trees

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt16258 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 65 (4) ◽

pp. 327 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Saskia Grootemaat ◽

Ian J. Wright ◽

Peter M. van Bodegom ◽

Johannes H. C. Cornelissen ◽

Veronica Shaw

Keyword(s):

Forest Tree ◽

Remarkable Feature ◽

Interspecific Differences ◽

Eucalypt Plantations ◽

Physical Traits ◽

Key Driver ◽

Multiple Species ◽

Species Specific ◽

First Time ◽

Different Tissues

Bark shedding is a remarkable feature of Australian trees, yet relatively little is known about interspecific differences in bark decomposability and flammability, or what chemical or physical traits drive variation in these properties. We measured the decomposition rate and flammability (ignitibility, sustainability and combustibility) of bark from 10 common forest tree species, and quantified correlations with potentially important traits. We compared our findings to those for leaf litter, asking whether the same traits drive flammability and decomposition in different tissues, and whether process rates are correlated across tissue types. Considerable variation in bark decomposability and flammability was found both within and across species. Bark decomposed more slowly than leaves, but in both tissues lignin concentration was a key driver. Bark took longer to ignite than leaves, and had longer mass-specific flame durations. Variation in flammability parameters was driven by different traits in the different tissues. Decomposability and flammability were each unrelated, when comparing between the different tissue types. For example, species with fast-decomposing leaves did not necessarily have fast-decomposing bark. For the first time, we show how patterns of variation in decomposability and flammability of bark diverge across multiple species. By taking species-specific bark traits into consideration there is potential to make better estimates of wildfire risks and carbon loss dynamics. This can lead to better informed management decisions for Australian forests, and eucalypt plantations, worldwide.

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Environmental correlates and energetics of winter flight by bats in southern Alberta, Canada

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/cjz-2016-0055 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 94 (12) ◽

pp. 829-836 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

B.J. Klüg-Baerwald ◽

L.E. Gower ◽

C.L. Lausen ◽

R.M. Brigham

Keyword(s):

Heat Loss ◽

Barometric Pressure ◽

Myotis Lucifugus ◽

Energetic Cost ◽

Cold Temperatures ◽

Bat Activity ◽

Environmental Correlates ◽

Interspecific Differences ◽

Winter Activity ◽

Species Specific

Winter activity of bats is common, yet poorly understood. Other studies suggest a relationship between winter activity and ambient temperature, particularly temperature at sunset. We recorded echolocation calls to determine correlates of hourly bat activity in Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta, Canada. We documented bat activity in temperatures as low as −10.4 °C. We observed big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus (Palisot de Beauvois, 1796)) flying at colder temperatures than species of Myotis bats (genus Myotis Kaup, 1829). We show that temperature and wind are important predictors of winter activity by E. fuscus and Myotis, and that Myotis may also use changes in barometric pressure to cue activity. In the absence of foraging opportunity, we suggest these environmental factors relate to heat loss and thus the energetic cost of flight. To understand the energetic consequences of bat flight in cold temperatures, we estimated energy expenditure during winter flights of E. fuscus and little brown myotis (Myotis lucifugus (Le Conte, 1831)) using species-specific parameters. We estimated that winter flight uses considerable fat stores and that flight thermogenesis could mitigate energetic costs by 20% or more. We also show that temperature-dependent interspecific differences in winter activity likely stem from differences between species in heat loss and potential for activity–thermoregulatory heat substitution.

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Comparative study of thermal properties of bio-coal from aromatic spent with low rank sub-bituminous coals

Bioresource Technology ◽

10.1016/j.biortech.2013.03.131 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 137 ◽

pp. 376-385 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Vineet Yadav ◽

B.P. Baruah ◽

Puja Khare

Keyword(s):

Thermal Properties ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Low Rank ◽

Bituminous Coals

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Brachyuran crustaceans from the bycatch of prawn fisheries at the mouth of the Amazon river

Acta Amazonica ◽

10.1590/s0044-59672013000100011 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 91-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jô de Farias Lima ◽

Thibério Carvalho da Silva ◽

Luis Mauricio Abdon da Silva ◽

Jamile da Silva Garcia

Keyword(s):

Amazon River ◽

Collection Site ◽

Male Specimen ◽

Representative Species ◽

Almost All ◽

Lower Biomass ◽

Number Of Males ◽

Collection Sites

The present paper is a pioneering study on the Brachyura bycatch associated with the artisan prawn fisheries at the mouth of the Amazon River. The study was conducted at four collection sites distributed along the mouth of the Amazon River between the months of January/2009 and January/2010. The animals were caught using handcrafted traps called "matapi", which are used by prawn fisherman in the region. Twenty matapis were used at each collection site. A total of 145 specimens were captured and six species were identified, all belonging to the Trichodactylidae family - Sylviocarcinus maldonadoensis, S. pictus, S. devillei, Valdivia serrata, Dilocarcinus septemdentatus and D. pagei. The most representative species, S. maldonadoensis, S. pictus and S. devillei were classified as regular. Regarding the composition of the capture, there were three specimens of D. pagei , only one male specimen of D. septemdentatus, forty-eight specimens of S. maldonadoensis, sixty-eight specimens of S. pictus, twenty-two specimens of S. devillei and three specimens of V. serrata. In all months, the brachyuran fauna showed a considerably lower biomass when compared to the prawns, representing only 5% of the catch, in a ratio of 1:0.06. For most species, the number of males was always higher than the number of females in almost all collection months.

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Evolutionary origin of the cell nucleus and its functional architecture

Essays in Biochemistry ◽

10.1042/bse0480001 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 48 ◽

pp. 1-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Jan Postberg ◽

Hans J. Lipps ◽

Thomas Cremer

Keyword(s):

Cell Nucleus ◽

Interdisciplinary Research ◽

Nuclear Organization ◽

Nuclear Architecture ◽

Evolutionary Origin ◽

Cell Type ◽

Research Strategies ◽

Evolutionarily Conserved ◽

Species Specific ◽

The Impact

Understanding the evolutionary origin of the nucleus and its compartmentalized architecture provides a huge but, as expected, greatly rewarding challenge in the post-genomic era. We start this chapter with a survey of current hypotheses on the evolutionary origin of the cell nucleus. Thereafter, we provide an overview of evolutionarily conserved features of chromatin organization and arrangements, as well as topographical aspects of DNA replication and transcription, followed by a brief introduction of current models of nuclear architecture. In addition to features which may possibly apply to all eukaryotes, the evolutionary plasticity of higher-order nuclear organization is reflected by cell-type- and species-specific features, by the ability of nuclear architecture to adapt to specific environmental demands, as well as by the impact of aberrant nuclear organization on senescence and human disease. We conclude this chapter with a reflection on the necessity of interdisciplinary research strategies to map epigenomes in space and time.

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Cardiac Activation Maps Reconstruction: A Comparative Study Between Data-Driven and Physics-Based Methods

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2021.686136 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Amel Karoui ◽

Mostafa Bendahmane ◽

Nejib Zemzemi

Keyword(s):

Neural Networks ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Body Surface ◽

Data Driven ◽

Diagnostic Tools ◽

L1 Norm ◽

Surface Potentials ◽

Body Surface Potential ◽

Data Driven Approach ◽

Classic Technique

One of the essential diagnostic tools of cardiac arrhythmia is activation mapping. Noninvasive current mapping procedures include electrocardiographic imaging. It allows reconstructing heart surface potentials from measured body surface potentials. Then, activation maps are generated using the heart surface potentials. Recently, a study suggests to deploy artificial neural networks to estimate activation maps directly from body surface potential measurements. Here we carry out a comparative study between the data-driven approach DirectMap and noninvasive classic technique based on reconstructed heart surface potentials using both Finite element method combined with L1-norm regularization (FEM-L1) and the spatial adaptation of Time-delay neural networks (SATDNN-AT). In this work, we assess the performance of the three approaches using a synthetic single paced-rhythm dataset generated on the atria surface. The results show that data-driven approach DirectMap quantitatively outperforms the two other methods. In fact, we observe an absolute activation time error and a correlation coefficient, respectively, equal to 7.20 ms, 93.2% using DirectMap, 14.60 ms, 76.2% using FEM-L1 and 13.58 ms, 79.6% using SATDNN-AT. In addition, results show that data-driven approaches (DirectMap and SATDNN-AT) are strongly robust against additive gaussian noise compared to FEM-L1.

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Interspecific differences of stridulatory signals in three species of bark beetles from the genus Polygraphus Er. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) inhabiting the island of Sakhalin

10.7287/peerj.preprints.27697 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Ivan Andreevich Kerchev

Keyword(s):

Host Plant ◽

Plant Species ◽

Bark Beetles ◽

Acoustic Signals ◽

Interval Number ◽

Host Plant Species ◽

Interspecific Differences ◽

Species Specific ◽

Conspecific Interactions

Stridulatory signals are involved in conspecific interactions between bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae). In this study, we compared the qualitative profiles of acoustic signals in three species from the genus Polygraphus Er. Sympatry can be periodically observed in two of them – P. proximus and P. subopacus. Sporadically they occur on the same plants. P. nigrielytris colonize distinctly different host plant species; however, on the island of Sakhalin it inhabits the same biotopes. The purpose of the study is to identify species-specific parameters and the extent of differences in stridulatory signals of these species. Airborne signals produced during the contact of males of the same species were experimentally recorded. Among tested parameters of stridulatory signals, as the most species-specific were noted: chirp duration, interchirp interval, number of tooth-strikes per chirp, and intertooth-strike interval.

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Influence of Freshwater Migration on the Reproductive Patterns of Anadromous Populations of Cisco (Coregonus artedii) and Lake Whitefish (C. clupeaformis)

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f90-034 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 335-345 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Yvan Lambert ◽

Julian J. Dodson

Keyword(s):

Adult Mortality ◽

Lake Whitefish ◽

Age At Maturity ◽

Predominant Role ◽

Reproductive Patterns ◽

Interspecific Differences ◽

Survival And Reproduction ◽

Coregonus Artedii ◽

The Difference ◽

Species Specific

We tested the hypothesis that differences in the cost of freshwater migration are responsible for the different reproductive patterns exhibited by the Eastmain River (James Bay) populations of anadromous cisco and lake whitefish, as predicted by species-specific migration costs that result in interspecific differences in energy allocation to growth, survival, and reproduction. In the Eastmain River, cisco spawn at a younger age and a smaller size, have a shorter life span and show a higher fecundity and a higher mortality than lake whitefish. Assuming that the two populations are stable (being only lightly exploited), the two species spawn at an age that maximizes their lifetime fecundity. Either juvenile (between three and age at maturity) and/or adult mortality is of major importance in moulding the observed age at maturity but adult mortality may play a predominant role. Adult mortality is associated with migration, an obligatory cost representing a major proportion of the energy loss experienced by reproductive individuals. The difference in the energy cost of migration between the two species suggests that migration may play a predominant role in producing the different reproductive patterns of cisco and lake whitefish in the Eastmain River and that within the physiological and size constraints of each species, these patterns represent optimal adaptations maximizing fitness.

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A RANDOMIZED, OPEN LABEL, COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LYSINE CREAM WITH STANDARD TREATMENT IN PATIENTS WITH SECOND DEGREE SUPERFICIAL BURNS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i5.16431 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 219

Author(s):

Saravanan Periyannan ◽

Chenthamarai G

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Surface Area ◽

Body Surface Area ◽

Body Surface ◽

Total Body Surface Area ◽

Silver Sulfadiazine ◽

Control Group ◽

Open Label ◽

Total Body ◽

Second Degree

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of lysine cream in patients with second-degree superficial burns.Methods: In this randomized, open label, comparative study patients with second degree superficial burns received either combination of lysine cream 15% and silver sulfadiazine cream 1% or sulfadiazine cream 1% alone, twice daily for period of 4 weeks. The primary outcome, pain, discharge, size and total body surface area (TBSA) were assessed in each visits.Results: Patients in the study group showed significant change than the control group in pain, discharge, size, and TBSA during the first 4 weeks after treatment. In addition, significantly more patients in lysine group had adequate relief of itching and increased epithelialization.Conclusions: Combination of lysine cream and silver sulfadiazine cream for 4 weeks provided significant relief of pain, discharge, size, TBSA, and itching. Lysine cream was well tolerated.Keywords: Growth factor, Angiogenesis, Lysine, Body surface area.

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