scholarly journals Abundance of Conepatus chinga (Carnivora, Mephitidae) and other medium-sized mammals in grasslands of southern Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos B. Kasper ◽  
Vinícius A. G. Bastazini ◽  
José B. G. Soares ◽  
Thales R. O. de Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Common Species ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Lepus Europaeus ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
European Hare ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Density Estimates ◽  
Transect Line ◽  
Pampa Biome

Between January 2007 and December 2010, the abundance of medium-sized mammals was studied, with special focus on the Molina's hog-nosed skunk, Conepatus chinga (Molina, 1782), at four locations in southern Brazil. In this study, transect line methodology was used to obtain data for Distance Analyses. Transects were traveled by car at night, searching with spotlights along the edges of secondary roads in agricultural landscapes. Along 1,811 km, we obtained 620 observations of 20 mammal species. The most common species was the exotic European hare, Lepus europaeus (Pallas, 1778); the highest abundance estimated for South America was observed in one of the study areas, where its density was estimated as 32 individuals/km². Carnivores were the most commonly recorded mammals, represented by 10 species and comprising 51% of all observations. Molina's hog-nosed skunk occurred in all study areas, but occurred in sufficient numbers to obtain density estimates in only two of the areas. We estimated 1.4 to 3.8 individuals/km², in the first density estimate made by the transect method for a member of Conepatus in the Neotropics. These values are similar to those estimated for North American species of Mephitidae. In Brazil, C. chinga is apparently more abundant in the Pampa biome than in the grasslands of the Atlantic Forest. For two other carnivores, Lycalopex gymnocercus (Fisher, 1814) and Cerdocyon thous (Linnaeus, 1766), we estimated preliminary densities that were similar to those previously cited for different regions.

Does handling reduce the winter body mass of the European hare?

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoria Takacs ◽  
Piotr Zduniak ◽  
Marek Panek ◽  
Piotr Tryjanowski
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Winter Precipitation ◽  
Lepus Europaeus ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
European Hare ◽  
Body Mass Change ◽  
Average Body Mass ◽  
First Time ◽  
Average Body

AbstractWinter body mass of the European hare Lepus europaeus Pallas 1778 was analyzed with a special focus on changes induced by handling. Data were obtained from large scale translocation (net catchments) during 1960–1980 in Poland. The influence of handling was compared using the mass of first-time captured and repeatedly-captured hares, and, in case of repeated capture, individuals’ mass changes were investigated. The average body mass ranged from 2.1 kg to 5.0 kg. Generally, fewer factors influenced the hare’s body mass than expected. Body mass was related to age and winter precipitation, while the date of catching, sex and temperature did not have an effect. Body mass of first-captured hares were significantly higher than the re-captured ones (3.99±0.42 vs. 3.88±0.48, mean ±SD). Body mass change between captures was related to the date of the first capture, and the duration between the first capture and re-capture. Following the initial capture, a slight (2.8±2.6), but significant decrease in body weight occurred. Thus, the handling of hares should be used with caution during studies or management of the species.

Density Estimates and Habitat Preferences of the European Hare (Lepus europaeus) on Mountainous Areas in Italy

Mammal Study ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Naldi ◽  
Ilaria Greco ◽  
Marco Ferretti ◽  
Marco Zaccaroni
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Lepus Europaeus ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
European Hare ◽  
Density Estimates

scholarly journals Maternal effects on reproduction in the precocial European hare (Lepus europaeus)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0247174
Author(s):  
Stéphanie C. Schai-Braun ◽  
Peter Steiger ◽  
Thomas Ruf ◽  
Walter Arnold ◽  
Klaus Hackländer
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Female Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lepus Europaeus ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
European Hare ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Litter Mass

In female mammals, reproduction, and in particular lactation, is the energetically most exigent life-history phase. Reproduction is strongly controlled by body reserves and food availability, so females with better body condition or food supply are believed to have higher reproductive output. Additionally, the growth and mortality of young mammals depends on their postnatal development. Therefore, the degree of precociality affects energetic demands for both mothers and young. To study the reproductive performance of the precocial European hare (Lepus europaeus), we analysed relationships between six predictor variables describing maternal and environmental effects and nine response variables relating to reproduction from 217 captive females. We compared the data with those of precocial and altricial mammal species from an extensive literature search. For hares, we found: (1) Heavier females had heavier litters at birth. (2) In summer and spring, total litter mass was larger than in winter. (3) At the end of lactation, the litters of multiparous females were heavier than those of primiparous females. (4) Both older females and females giving birth for the first time had relatively high leveret mortality during lactation. Comparing our results with the literature for other mammals revealed that the body condition (i.e., body mass) of females before birth is predictive of reproductive parameters in both precocial and altricial species. In the precocial hare, female body condition is no longer predictive of reproductive parameters at the end of lactation, whereas in altricial species, female body condition remains predictive of reproduction (litter mass at the end of lactation, offspring mortality) until the end of lactation. We conclude that these effects are caused by precocial offspring feeding on solid food soon after birth and, thus, being less dependent on the mother’s body condition during lactation than altricial offspring. In line with this, precociality might have evolved as a way of buffering offspring against maternal effects.

scholarly journals A new species of Ituglanis (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the rio Uruguai basin, southern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliano Ferrer ◽  
Laura M. Donin
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Outer Layer ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
The Body ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Unique Color ◽  
Pampa Biome ◽  
Genetic Sequences ◽  
A New Species

ABSTRACT A new species of Ituglanis associated to the grasslands of the Pampa biome is described from the rio Uruguai basin, southern Brazil. The new species is distinguished from its congeners by the low number of ribs and by a unique color pattern composed of an outer layer with scattered round black blotches equivalent in size to the eye circumference over a reddish brown background on the lateral surface of the body. We provide the genetic sequences of the mitochondrial gene Cytochrome c Oxydase subunit I (COI) for three of the paratypes and discuss aspects about the recent discovery of the new species.

scholarly journals Density Estimates of Unmarked Large Mammals at Camera Traps Vary among Models, Species, and Years, Signalling Importance of Model Assumptions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Fisher ◽  
Joanna Burgar ◽  
Melanie Dickie ◽  
Cole Burton ◽  
Rob Serrouya
Keyword(s):  
Density Estimation ◽  
Black Bear ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Density Estimates ◽  
Movement Rates ◽  
Social Species ◽  
Marked Variability ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
Best Fitting

Density estimation is a key goal in ecology but accurate estimates remain elusive, especially for unmarked animals. Data from camera-trap networks combined with new density estimation models can bridge this gap but recent research has shown marked variability in accuracy, precision, and concordance among estimators. We extend this work by comparing estimates from two different classes of models: unmarked spatial capture-recapture (spatial count, SC) models, and Time In Front of Camera (TIFC) models, a class of random encounter model. We estimated density for four large mammal species with different movement rates, behaviours, and sociality, as these traits directly relate to model assumptions. TIFC density estimates were typically higher than SC model estimates for all species. Black bear TIFC estimates were ~ 10-fold greater than SC estimates. Caribou TIFC estimates were 2-10 fold greater than SC estimates. White-tailed deer TIFC estimates were up to 100-fold greater than SC estimates. Differences of 2-5 fold were common for other species in other years. SC estimates were annually stable except for one social species; TIFC estimates were highly annually variable in some cases and consistent in others. Tests against densities obtained from DNA surveys and aerial surveys also showed variable concordance and divergence. For gregarious animals TIFC may outperform SC due to the latter model’s assumption of independent activity centres. For curious animals likely to investigate camera traps, SC may outperform TIFC, which assumes animal behavior is unaffected by cameras. Unmarked models offer great possibilities, but a pragmatic approach employs multiple estimators where possible, considers the ecological plausibility of assumptions, and uses an informed multi-inference approach to seek estimates from models with assumptions best fitting a species’ biology.

scholarly journals Long-Term Trends in Small Mammals on a Right-of-Way in Pennsylvania, U.S.

2007 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-152
Author(s):  
Richard Yahner ◽  
Richard Yahner ◽  
Russell Hutnik
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Common Species ◽  
The State ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
Live Trapping ◽  
Long Term Trends

The State Game Lands 33 Research and Demonstration Area, Centre County, Pennsylvania, U.S., has been studied since 1953 with the objective of comparing the effectiveness of commonly used mechanical and herbicidal maintenance treatments on vegetation and wildlife on a right-of-way (ROW). Small mammals are important wildlife species on a ROW by consuming tree seeds, thereby reducing invasion of undesirable tree species, and these mammals are important components of a healthy ecosystem. As a follow up to a 2-year study of small mammals conducted 15 years earlier (1989 to 1990) on the State Game Lands 33 ROW, we initiated a 2-year live-trapping study in 2004 on small mammal populations on this ROW. The objectives of our study were to determine relative abundance and species richness (number of species) in six major cover types and in the adjacent forest. One hundred twenty-one individuals of eight species were observed in 2004 and 2005 combined; the most common species was the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus). One of the most important cover types to small mammals on the ROW was forb-grass, whereas the forest cover type tended to be less diverse in terms of number of mammal species than in cover types on the ROW.

scholarly journals Livestock-derived greenhouse gas emissions in a diversified grazing system in the endangered Pampa biome, Southern Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 442-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaio Vasconcelos ◽  
Maycon Farinha ◽  
Luciana Bernardo ◽  
Vinicius do N. Lampert ◽  
Miguelangelo Gianezini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Pampa Biome ◽  
Grazing System

scholarly journals Reptiles of the Parque Estadual de Itapuã, state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil

Check List ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilberto Alves de Souza Filho ◽  
Laura Verrastro
Keyword(s):  
Rio Grande ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Conservation Unit ◽  
Pampa Biome

Herein we provide a list of reptiles from Parque Estadual de Itapuã, a conservation unit of integral protection located in the municipality of Viamão, state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil and inserted in the domains of the Pampa Biome. The study was carried out from February 2003 to July 2004. We recorded 39 species: 23 snakes, eight lizards, four testudines, three amphisbaenians and one crocodilian. Through the knowledge of the species in the area, we justify the importance of preserving this important natural remnant.

scholarly journals The role of phytophysiognomies and seasonality on the structure of ground-dwelling anuran (Amphibia) in the Pampa biome, southern Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 1105-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANCIELE P. MARAGNO ◽  
TIAGO G. SANTOS ◽  
SONIA Z. CECHIN
Keyword(s):  
Paired Comparison ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Environmental Features ◽  
Pampa Biome ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Pseudis Minuta

ABSTRACT Considering that habitat use by amphibians is related both with climate and environmental features, we tested the hypothesis that anuran assemblages found in different phytophysiognomies and in different seasons vary in structure. Additionally, we searched for species which can be indicators of habitat and seasons. The study was conducted in the Pampa biome, southern Brazil. Sampling was done through pitfall traps placed in three phytophysiognomies: grassland, ecotone grassland/forest; and forest. The seasonality factor was created by grouping months in warn and cold seasons. Sixteen species were found and the assemblages were influenced both by phytophysiognomies and climatic seasonality. In a paired comparison, the three phytophysiognomies differed in structure of assemblage from each other. Physalaemus henselii, P. riograndensis, Pseudopaludicola falcipes and Pseudis minuta were indicators of ecotone. Leptodactylus gracilis and Physalaemus biligonigerus were indicators of grassland. None species was indicator of forest. Most of the species were indicators of warm season: Elachistocleis bicolor, Leptodactylus fuscus, L. gracilis, L. latinasus, L. latrans, L. mystacinus, Physalaemus biligonigerus, P. cuvieri and Pseudis minuta. None species was indicator of cold season. We found that even for species of open areas, as Pampa, heterogeneous phytophysiognomies are important for maintaining abundance and constancy of populations of anuran.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document