scholarly journals Biology and parasitic potential of Doryctobracon areolatuson Anastrepha fraterculus larvae

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 669-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrise Medeiros Nunes ◽  
Dori Edson Nava ◽  
Fernanda Appel Müller ◽  
Rafael da Silva Gonçalves ◽  
Mauro Silveira Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Parasitism Rate ◽  
Anastrepha Fraterculus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Parasitoid Development

The objective of this work was to study the biology and parasitic potential of Doryctobracon areolatus on larvae of Anastrepha fraterculus. The egg-adult period, the sex ratio, the longevity, the pupal viability, and the parasitism rate of D. areolatus were determined in laboratory, using A. fraterculus as host. The parasitoid development from oviposition to adult emergence required 25.00±1.70 days, the sex ratio was 0.62±0.09, and the mean longevity was 16.36±3.62 days for males and 10.24±1.71 days for females. The mean parasitism rate was 53.50±8.93%, varying from 41.60 to 68.60%, which shows the potential of this parasitoid for biological control of A. fraterculus.

scholarly journals Limited host range in the idiobiont parasitoid Phymasticus coffea, a prospective biological control agent of the coffee pest Hypothenemus hampei in Hawaii

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fazila Yousuf ◽  
Peter A. Follett ◽  
Conrad P. D. T. Gillett ◽  
David Honsberger ◽  
Lourdes Chamorro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Hypothenemus Hampei ◽  
Parasitism Rate ◽  
Limited Host Range ◽  
Parasitoid Development

AbstractPhymastichus coffea LaSalle (Hymenoptera:Eulophidae) is an adult endoparasitoid of the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera:Curculionidae:Scolytinae), which has been introduced in many coffee producing countries as a biological control agent. To determine the effectiveness of P. coffea against H. hampei and environmental safety for release in Hawaii, we investigated the host selection and parasitism response of adult females to 43 different species of Coleoptera, including 23 Scolytinae (six Hypothenemus species and 17 others), and four additional Curculionidae. Non-target testing included Hawaiian endemic, exotic and beneficial coleopteran species. Using a no-choice laboratory bioassay, we demonstrated that P. coffea was only able to parasitize the target host H. hampei and four other adventive species of Hypothenemus: H. obscurus, H. seriatus, H. birmanus and H. crudiae. Hypothenemus hampei had the highest parasitism rate and shortest parasitoid development time of the five parasitized Hypothenemus spp. Parasitism and parasitoid emergence decreased with decreasing phylogenetic relatedness of the Hypothenemus spp. to H. hampei, and the most distantly related species, H. eruditus, was not parasitized. These results suggest that the risk of harmful non-target impacts is low because there are no native species of Hypothenemus in Hawaii, and P. coffea could be safely introduced for classical biological control of H. hampei in Hawaii.

scholarly journals Phototoxicity of Ultraviolet-A against the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci and Its Compatibility with an Entomopathogenic Fungus and Whitefly Parasitoid

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Muhammad Musa Khan ◽  
Ze-Yun Fan ◽  
Dylan O’Neill Rothenberg ◽  
Jing Peng ◽  
Muhammad Hafeez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Encarsia Formosa ◽  
Parasitism Rate ◽  
Invertebrate Pests

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation significantly affects insect life and, as a result, has been widely used to control different invertebrate pests. The current results demonstrate that when Bemisia tabaci first instar nymphs are exposed to UV-A light for 12, 24, 48, and 72 h, their developmental and biological parameters are negatively affected by UV-A exposure; the effect increased with an increase in exposure time. We hypothesized that UV-A light is compatible with other biological control agents. Results showed that when the entomopathogenic fungus Cordyceps fumosorosea was applied to third instar nymphs of B. tabaci previously exposed to UV-A light, the LC50 was 3.4% lower after 72 h of exposure to UV-A light compared to the control. However, when the fungus was exposed to UV-A light, its virulence decreased with an increase in UV-A exposure time. The parasitism rate of Encarsia formosa against 24 h UV-A-exposed third instar nymphs of B. tabaci increased while the adult emergence from parasitized nymphs was not affected after UV-A light exposure. Parasitism rate was significantly reduced however following E. formosa exposure to UV-A light; but again, adult emergence was not affected from parasitized nymphs. The percentage mortality of E. formosa increased with increasing exposure time to UV-A light. The enzyme activity of SOD, CAT, GST, and AChE and the energy reserve contents were negatively affected due to UV-A exposure. Collectively, this study has demonstrated that UV-A light significantly suppresses the immune system of B. tabaci and that UV-A light is compatible with other biological control agents if it is applied separately from the biological agent.

scholarly journals Aspectos sobre a nidificação de Centris analis (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Centridini)

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-165
Author(s):  
David Silva Nogueira ◽  
Arianne Moreira Cavalcante ◽  
Rita Kelly de Oliveira Pontes ◽  
Raquel Pick ◽  
Breno Magalhães Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Parasitism Rate ◽  
Pet Bottles ◽  
Experimental Area ◽  
Trap Nests ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
Rate Of Emergence ◽  
Two Peaks

Resumo. A taxa de emergência de abelhas adultas, a de parasitismo e a razão sexual entre machos e fêmeas foram medidas a partir do monitoramento de abelhas Centris analis (Fabricius) em ninhos armadilha de cartolina preta por um período de 13 meses, entre outubro de 2010 a outubro de 2011, em ambiente urbano de Fortaleza, Ceará. Os ninhos foram vistoriados mensalmente e quando concluídos, foram transferidos para garrafas PET na mesma área experimental até a emergência dos adultos. Foram fundados 45 ninhos, onde emergiram 152 indivíduos. As fêmeas de C. analis (95,66%) preferiram o ninho de diâmetro 5 mm. A taxa de emergência foi de 3,3 abelhas por ninho onde até 10 indivíduos foram registrados por ninho. A razão sexual foi de 1 macho para 1,4 fêmeas. Em fevereiro e setembro houve picos de emergência de abelhas adultas e isso pode estar relacionado com a disponibilidade dos recursos florais. A taxa de parasitismo foi de 3,94%, onde 8 ninhos foram cleptoparasitados com emergência de 15 indivíduos, com representantes de Megachilidae, Chrysididae (Hymenoptera) e Bombyliidae (Diptera). A adição dos dados obtidos nesse estudo em comparação com dados já publicados para C. analis podem ajudar a elucidar aspectos biológicos dessa espécie. Nesting aspects of Centris analis (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Centridini)Abstract. The rate of emergence of adult bees, the parasitism and sex ratio between males and females were measured by monitoring specimens of Centris analis (Fabricius) in trap nests of black cardboard, for a period of 13 months, from October/2010 to October/2011 in Fortaleza, Ceará State. The nests were monitored monthly and when completed, it was removed to PET bottles in the same experimental area until adult emergence. Were founded 45 nests of which 152 adults emerged. The females of C. analis (95.66 %) preferred the nests with diameter of 5 mm diameter. The emergency rate was 3.3 bees per nest where up to 10 individuals were recorded sharing the same nest. The sex ratio was 1 male to 1.4 females. In February and September there were two peaks of adult bees’ emergence and this may be related with the availability of flowers. The parasitism rate was 3.94%, where 8 nests were parasitized with the emergence of 15 individuals, as Megachilidae, Chrysididae (Hymenoptera) and Bombyliidae (Diptera). The addition of the data obtained in this study along with the already published information on C. analis, may help elucidate biological aspects of this species.

scholarly journals Haldane's rule and other aspects of reproductive isolation observed in the Anastrepha fraterculus complex (Diptera: Tephritidae)

1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Selivon ◽  
André L.P. Perondini ◽  
João S. Morgante
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Haldane’S Rule ◽  
Allopatric Populations ◽  
Haldane's Rule ◽  
Anastrepha Fraterculus ◽  
Biological Entities

Some aspects of reproductive isolation between allopatric populations of two closely related species of the Anastrepha fraterculus complex (A. fraterculus sp. 1 and sp. 2) were evaluated in laboratory conditions. Most of the crosses were fertile in each species as well as between sp. 2 females and sp. 1 males. In the reciprocal cross only 41.7% of the matings yielded viable progeny. Egg hatching occurred at similar rates within the two species, but was significantly lower in the crosses between the species. Adult emergence did not differ significantly among crosses. The sex ratio of adult progeny within each species, as well as in the hybrid progeny derived from sp. 1 females crossed to sp. 2 males, did not differ from the expected 1:1 ratio. However, in the crosses between sp. 2 females to sp. 1 males, a significant deviation in the sex ratio in favor of females was observed, according to the Haldane's rule. The results reinforce previous data which indicated that A. fraterculus sp. 1 and A. fraterculus sp. 2 are distinct biological entities.

scholarly journals Parasitism and mating of Diaeretiella rapae (Hymenoptera Aphidiidae) in an uncontrolled environment

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 283-283
Author(s):  
R. Kant ◽  
M.A. Minor ◽  
S.A. Trewick ◽  
W.R.M. Sandanayaka
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Late Spring ◽  
Diaeretiella Rapae ◽  
Parasitism Rate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
Aphid Host

Parasitism and mating activities of Diaeretiella rapae were studied in a shadehouse under ambient environmental conditions during September (early spring) and November (late spring) Before collecting the data the parasitoid and its aphid host colonies were left to develop undisturbed on cabbage seedlings for 3 months in about 25 m2 area The plants were highly infested with aphids (average 27225 aphids/plant) and parasitism by D rapae varied between 25 and 36 during the study period There was no significant change in parasitism rate during the 10week study period (P069) Adult parasitoids emerged from aphid mummies at a rate of more than 90 with a higher number of females than males The mean female/male parasitoid sex ratio was greater in the second 5week (late spring) than the early 5week period (early spring) (P

scholarly journals Does Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) have a preferential instar to parasitize Tephritidae (Diptera)?

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta A. Rohr ◽  
Simone M. Jahnke ◽  
Luiza R. Redaelli
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
The Third ◽  
Native Parasitoids ◽  
Anastrepha Fraterculus ◽  
Diachasmimorpha Longicaudata ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

ABSTRACT Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead, 1905) is a koinobiont parasitoid of Tephritidae larvae, the third instar larvae of which is considered preferential, but it is able to parasitize other larval stages and compete with native parasitoids. This study investigated the preference and parasitism capacity of D. longicaudata in larvae of different instar of Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann, 1830) (AF) and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) (CC). The experiments were carried out under laboratory conditions, one instar being offered at a time in parasitism units, with the following choices among the hosts: 25 AF larvae and 25 CC larvae (first, second and third instar were evaluated). The other test was a multiple-choice in relation to the instar, for larvae of the same host species, with three parasitism units being offered, with 15 larvae of each instar. The mean number of formed pupae, emerged parasitoids, parasitized pupae, unviable pupae and sex ratio were evaluated. In the first bioassay, the mean number of emerged parasitoids and parasitized pupae in the AF host were significantly higher in treatments with first and second instar larvae. For CC there was no difference between the instars tested. In the second bioassay, the mean value of emerged parasitoids and parasitized pupae, was higher in second and third instar larvae for CC, and for AF was in second instar larvae. The sex ratio was biased for males in all treatments in both bioassays. The results show that D. longicaudata can parasitize and be successful in all available larval instars, being able to compete with parasitoids of any instar.

scholarly journals Compatibility between Entomopathogenic Fungi and Egg Parasitoids (Trichogrammatidae): A Laboratory Study for Their Combined Use to Control Duponchelia fovealis

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 630
Author(s):  
Emily Silva Araujo ◽  
Alex S. Poltronieri ◽  
Carolina G. Poitevin ◽  
José Manuel Mirás-Avalos ◽  
Maria Aparecida Cassilha Zawadneak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Trichogramma Pretiosum ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Parasitism Rate ◽  
Trichogramma Species ◽  
Combined Use

The European pepper moth, Duponchelia fovealis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is a key pest in strawberry production. Entomopathogenic fungi (EF) and parasitoids of the Trichogrammatidae family are effective biological control agents of this pest with the potential to be used jointly for improved efficacy. This study aims to evaluate the susceptibility of Trichogramma atopovirilia and Trichogramma pretiosum to two Beauveria bassiana strains (B2 and B3) and two commercial bioinsecticides (Bovemax® and Methamax®) by applying them to D. fovealis eggs in pre- and post-parasitism periods. Pre-parasitism application of B2 and B3 did not affect the percentage of D. fovealis eggs parasitized by either Trichogramma species, except in the case of T. atopovirilia when eggs were sprayed with B3 at 1.5 × 105 conidia mL−1 (16.7% less than the control). In contrast, eggs sprayed with 1.5 × 108 conidia mL−1 of the commercial bioinsecticides were not parasitized by any Trichogramma species. Overall, the EF tested reduced the parasitism rate, adult emergence, and longevity of Trichogramma adults by less than 30% in all cases. The adverse effects of the B. bassiana strains and commercial products on the biological traits of both Trichogramma species were minimal, meaning that these agents can be used jointly in D. fovealis control strategies.

Superparasitism in Laboratory rearing ofSpalangia cameroni(Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), a parasitoid of medfly (Diptera: Tephritidae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Tormos ◽  
J. Asís ◽  
B. Sabater-Muñoz ◽  
L. Baños ◽  
S.F. Gayubo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Female Size ◽  
Laboratory Rearing ◽  
Rearing Conditions ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractThe frequency of superparasitism and its effects on the quality of laboratory-rearedSpalangia cameroni(Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) parasitoids were investigated under laboratory conditions. Numerous variables were measured, such as the number of ‘ovip holes’ per host as a measure of superparasitism. Adult emergence and sex ratio, as well as female size, emergence ability from soil and longevity were also measured. Finally, an assessment was made of fertility and survival of adult parasitoids emerging from the medflyCeratitis capitata(Diptera: Tephritidae) pupae with different levels of superparasitism. A high frequency and prevalence of superparasitism under laboratory rearing conditions was observed. The number of ‘ovip holes’ per host ranged from one to 17, with an average (±SD) of 2.8±3.4. Sex ratios became increasingly female-biased with increasing levels of superparasitism, although overall levels of wasp emergence (male, female) declined. Nevertheless, no relationship was discerned between female size and level of superparasitism. The ‘emergence ability from the soil’ was higher in those parasitoids that emerged from strongly superparasitized hosts, but not related to the type of substrate in which the host pupae were buried. The level of superparasitism did not have a significant effect on the longevity, fertility and survival of female parasitoids. Our results support the hypothesis that superparasitism inS. cameronimight be adaptive, since attributes such as ‘emergence ability from the soil’, longevity, fertility and survival were not affected by the level of superparasitism or the presumably detrimental effects derived from physical combats among conspecific larvae. Our findings are relevant to recommendations for rearingS. cameronifor biological control releases, as well as shedding light on superparasitism under both laboratory and field conditions.

Can Anastrepha fraterculus larval feeding influence chemotaxis and parasitism of Diachasmimorpha longicaudata and Aganaspis pelleranoi?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Patricia Daniela da Silva Pires ◽  
Josué Sant’ Ana ◽  
Luiza Rodrigues Redaelli
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Anastrepha Fraterculus ◽  
Diachasmimorpha Longicaudata ◽  
Control Programmes

Abstract Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a major barrier to fruit production and exportation. In Brazil, the native parasitoid Aganaspis pelleranoi (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) and the exotic parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) stand out as biological control agents. Knowledge of the factors that affect interactions among parasitoids, A. fraterculus, and host fruits may enhance the use of these agents in biological control programmes. This study evaluated the chemotaxis and parasitism of A. pelleranoi and D. longicaudata females reared on A. fraterculus larvae and kept on an artificial diet, red guava (Psidium guajava) or apple (Malus domestica). Females of both parasitoid species that emerged from larvae raised on artificial diet, guava or apple, were tested to Y olfactometer choice tests. In the parasitism tests, both parasitoid species were made to choose between A. fraterculus larvae brushed with water, apple pulp or guava pulp. D. longicaudata females from artificial diet (control) did not distinguish between fruit odours; however, females of D. longicaudata from larvae kept in apple or guava directed to the odours of their original fruit. The greatest parasitism for D. longicaudata occurred in the units that contained the pulp in which the larvae grew. A. pelleranoi from artificial diet preferred guava odours, including the females kept in apple. Similar results were observed in the parasitism bioassays. Our results found that A. fraterculus larval feeding influenced search behaviour and parasitism of D. longicaudata, whereas A. pelleranoi rearing experience did not affect its host choices.

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