Oxisol resistence to penetration in no-till system after sowing

If inappropriately conducted, management and sowing practices may compromise the environment and the profitability of the agricultural activity. The aim of this study was to analyze the furrow opener mechanisms action and the level of load applied to soil firming mechanism in no-till, on the Oxisol resistance to penetration during soybean sowing, under three soil moistures. The experiment was arranged in split-split plot design, in which the plots were composed by three soil moistures (23.8; 25.5 and 27.5% b.s.), two furrow opener mechanisms sub-plots (double disks and furrow plough) and the split-split plot of three levels of load applied to soil firming mechanism (12.2; 18.5 and 24.1 kPa), according to randomized blocks design, with three replications. The soil moisture provided different resistance behavior to penetration with the depth, on the seedbed, independently of the furrow opener and the level of load applied to soil firming mechanism. The furrow plough use provided less soil resistance to penetration when compared to the double disk furrow opener, on the seedbed, independently of the soil moisture and the level of load applied to soil firming mechanism. The pressure applied by soil firming mechanism of 18.5 kPa provided the lower resistance to penetration, when the furrow plough was used. The soil resistance to penetration was less on the sowing line than on between rows, with 20 cm deep.

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Soil resistance to penetration in cotton rows and interrows

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v21n6p433-439 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

pp. 433-439 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Fábio H. R. Baio ◽

Igor M. Scarpin ◽

Cassiano G. Roque ◽

Danilo C. Neves

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Cotton Field ◽

Soil Resistance ◽

Control Points ◽

Cotton Crop ◽

Sample Representativeness ◽

Soil Physical Quality ◽

Sampling Position ◽

Moisture Conditions ◽

Resistance To Penetration

ABSTRACT The soil physical quality is one of the most determinant factors for the development of any crop. This study aimed to assess the sample representativeness in soil resistance to penetration mappings taken in rows and interrows of the cotton crop, under two soil moisture conditions. Thirty control points were sampled in a cotton field of 91 ha. Soil resistance to penetration and soil moisture were measured at these georeferenced points. Regardless of soil moisture, the sampling position of soil resistance to penetration is indifferent (row, interrow, or in both positions) when the analysed depth is greater than 0.20 m in the cotton crop. The decrease of soil moisture causes the increment of soil resistance to penetration, regardless of the sampling position.

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ESTIMATIVA DA DEMANDA ENERGÉTICA DE UMA SEMEADORA-ADUBADORA DE PRECISÃO EM SEMEADURA DIRETA DA SOJA

ENERGIA NA AGRICULTURA ◽

10.17224/energagric.2020v35n4p484-492 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 484-492

Author(s):

Cristiano Márcio Alves de Souza ◽

Eduardo Leonel Bottega ◽

Leidy Zulys Leyva Rafull ◽

Sálvio Napoleão Soares Arcoverde

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Production Costs ◽

Power Demand ◽

Cutting Depth ◽

No Till ◽

Furrow Opener ◽

Energetic Demand ◽

Fertilizer System ◽

Santa Maria

ESTIMATIVA DA DEMANDA ENERGÉTICA DE UMA SEMEADORA-ADUBADORA DE PRECISÃO EM SEMEADURA DIRETA DA SOJA CRISTIANO MÁRCIO ALVES DE SOUZA1, EDUARDO LEONEL BOTTEGA2, LEIDY ZULYS LEYVA RAFULL1, SÁLVIO NAPOLEÃO SOARES ARCOVERDE1 1 Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados/Itahum, km 12, 79.804-970, Dourados, MS, Brasil, [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 2Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus de Cachoeira do Sul, Rodovia Taufik Germano, 3013, 96503-205, Cachoeira do Sul, RS, Brasil, [email protected] RESUMO: A otimização dos sistemas mecanizados é essencial visando a melhoria da demanda energética dos conjuntos nas operações agrícolas e, consequentemente, redução dos custos de produção. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a demanda energética de um conjunto trator-semeadora-adubadora, em função de diferentes mecanismos sulcadores e teores de água no solo sob sistema de semeadura direta da soja. O experimento foi montado em esquema de parcelas subsubdivididas, em que as parcelas constituíram os teores de água no solo (0,258; 0,277 e 0,290 g g-1), as subparcelas o tipo de sulcador (haste e disco-duplo) e as subsubparcelas os níveis de cargas aplicadas (451, 685 e 893 N) na linha da semeadora-adubadora, no delineamento em blocos casualizados, com três repetições. O teor de água no solo influencia diferentemente a demanda energética do conjunto trator-semeadora-adubadora em função do tipo de sulcador. O uso da haste sulcadora aumenta a patinagem, a potência e força específicas de tração, sendo a força maior para a haste independentemente da profundidade de corte do solo. Houve aumento da força e potência específicas de tração com o aumento da profundidade de corte do solo para ambos os sulcadores, bem como do consumo específico de combustível quando utilizada a haste sulcadora. Palavras-chaves: haste sulcadora, patinagem, umidade do solo, potência. ESTIMATION OF PRECISION SEEDER-FERTILIZER ENERGETIC DEMAND IN SOYBEAN NO-TILL ABSTRACT: The optimization of mechanized systems is essential to improve the energy demand of the sets in agricultural operations and, consequently, reduce production costs. The work's objective was to evaluate a tractor-seeder-fertilizer system's energy demand due to different furrow openers and soil moisture under soybean's no-till. The experimental delineation adopted was the complete random blocks in a split-split-plot scheme in which the plots consisted of three soil moisture (0.258, 0.277 and 0.290 g g-1), the subplots of two mechanisms for furrow opening (hoe opener and double disk), and the sub-subplots of three applied loads (451, 685 and 893 N) in the seeder row on the soil, with three replications. The soil moisture influences the energy demand of the tractor-seeder-fertilizer system differently due to the furrow opener type. The hoe opener's use increases the wheel slippage, power demand, being the power greater for hoe opener regardless of the cutting depth. There was an increase in power demand with the rise of the cutting depth for both furrow openers, while the greater specific fuel consumption was using the hoe opener. Keywords: furrow opener, wheel slippage, soil moisture, power.

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Soil compaction associated with cut-to-length and whole-tree harvesting of a coniferous forest

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x09-027 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 39 (5) ◽

pp. 976-989 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

Sang-Kyun Han ◽

Han-Sup Han ◽

Deborah S. Page-Dumroese ◽

Leonard R. Johnson

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Soil Compaction ◽

Prediction Models ◽

Coniferous Forest ◽

Soil Resistance ◽

High Soil Moisture ◽

Harvesting Systems ◽

Whole Tree Harvesting ◽

Resistance To Penetration ◽

Whole Tree

The degree and extent of soil compaction, which may reduce productivity of forest soils, is believed to vary by the type of harvesting system, and a field-based study was conducted to compare soil compaction from cut-to-length (CTL) and whole-tree (WT) harvesting operations. The CTL harvesting system used less area to transport logs to the landings than did the WT harvesting system (19%–20% vs. 24%–25%). At high soil moisture levels (25%–30%), both CTL and WT harvestings caused a significant increase of soil resistance to penetration (SRP) and bulk density (BD) in the track compared with the undisturbed area (p < 0.05). In the center of trails, however, only WT harvesting resulted in a significant increase of SRP and BD compared with the undisturbed area (p < 0.05). Slash covered 69% of the forwarding trail area in the CTL harvesting units; 37% was covered by heavy slash (40 kg·m–2) while 32% was covered by light slash (7.3 kg·m–2). Heavy slash was more effective in reducing soil compaction in the CTL units (p < 0.05). Prediction models were developed that can be used to estimate percent increases in SRP and BD over undisturbed areas for both CTL and WT harvesting systems.

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Coverage mobilization by different no-tillage in-line handling mechanisms

Engenharia Agrícola ◽

10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v35n1p89-97/2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 89-97

Author(s):

EVANDRO M. BRANDELERO ◽

AUGUSTO G. DE ARAÚJO ◽

RICARDO RALISCH

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Vegetation Cover ◽

Clayey Soil ◽

Block Design ◽

Prototype Model ◽

No Tillage ◽

Operational Conditions ◽

No Till ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Furrow Opener

Vegetation cover on soil acts positively in maintaining temperature and soil moisture, yet, it has been imposing specific operational conditions on seeders. The objective of this study was to evaluate performance of different mechanisms regarding straw mobilization, employed in a no-till seeder. The experimental area was conducted on clayey soil under no-tillage with a large quantity of sorghum residue. The experiment was established in a randomized block design, as the treatments consisted of a combination of two mechanisms at front of the furrow opener composed of cutting disc and row cleaners, and three mechanisms behind the seed furrower, covering discs prototype model M1, Spider and commercial model, with the combination of cutting disc and Spider model not being evaluated. We assessed the coverage permanence on soil index, vegetation mass on surface and inside the line. The treatment containing the row cleaner mechanism efficiently removed straw from the surface of sowing line as well as the return one acted on straw replacement. It was identified that use of the cutting disc at the front of seeder contributed to the increase of straw installation inside the line, three times more than in the row cleaner system when operating individually. Covering mechanism with row cleaners reduced straw inside the line and kept line covering similar to treatment of cutting disc operating alone.

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Effect of cropping systems in no-till farming on the quality of a Brazilian Oxisol

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo ◽

10.1590/s0100-06832014000400023 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

pp. 1268-1280 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Getulio de Freitas Seben Junior ◽

José Eduardo Corá ◽

Rattan Lal

Keyword(s):

C Sequestration ◽

Pigeon Pea ◽

Grain Sorghum ◽

Soil Resistance ◽

Organic C ◽

No Till ◽

Sunn Hemp ◽

Winter Crops ◽

Least Limiting Water Range ◽

Resistance To Penetration

The no-till system with complex cropping sequences may improve the structural quality and carbon (C) sequestration in soils of the tropics. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of cropping sequences after eight years under the no-till system on the physical properties and C sequestration in an Oxisol in the municipality of Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, Brazil. A randomized split-block design with three replications was used. The treatments were combinations of three summer cropping sequences - corn/corn (Zea mays L.) (CC), soybean/soybean (Glycine max L. Merryll) (SS), and soybean-corn (SC); and seven winter crops - corn, sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus L.), pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp), grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.). Soil samples were taken at the 0-10 cm depth after eight years of experimentation. Soil under SC and CC had higher mean weight diameter (3.63 and 3.55 mm, respectively) and geometric mean diameter (3.55 and 2.92 mm) of the aggregates compared to soil under SS (3.18 and 2.46 mm). The CC resulted in the highest soil organic C content (17.07 g kg-1), soil C stock (15.70 Mg ha-1), and rate of C sequestration (0.70 Mg ha-1 yr-1) among the summer crops. Among the winter crops, soil under pigeon pea had the highest total porosity (0.50 m³ m-3), and that under sunn hemp had the highest water stable aggregates (93.74 %). In addition, sunn hemp did not differ from grain sorghum and contained the highest soil organic C content (16.82 g kg-1) and also had the highest rate of C sequestration (0.67 Mg ha-1 yr-1). The soil resistance to penetration was the lower limit of the least limiting water range, while the upper limit was air-filled porosity for soil bulk densities higher than 1.39 kg dm-3 for all cropping sequences. Within the SC sequence, soil under corn and pigeon pea increased least limiting water range by formation of biopores because soil resistance to penetration decreased with the increase in soil bulk density.

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BEST UNBIASED INVARIANT QUADRATIC ESTIMATES OF VARIANCE–COMPOMENTS IN ORTHOGONAL SPLIT PLOT DESIGN

Acta Mathematica Scientia ◽

10.1016/s0252-9602(18)30585-x ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 39-45

Author(s):

Chaorong Liu

Keyword(s):

Quadratic Estimates ◽

Split Plot ◽

Plot Design

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Respon Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.) terhadap Sistem Tanam Alur dan Pemberian Jenis Pupuk

Buletin Agrohorti ◽

10.29244/agrob.5.3.342-350 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 342

Author(s):

Rizal Mahdi Kurniawan ◽

Heni Purnamawati ◽

Yudiwanti Wahyu E. K

Keyword(s):

Arachis Hypogaea ◽

Arachis Hypogaea L ◽

Split Plot ◽

Plot Design

<p><em>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh sistem tanam alur dan pemberian jenis pupuk terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi kacang tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.). Penelitian dilaksanakan di KP Leuwikopo IPB Dramaga, Bogor pada bulan Februari - Juni 2013. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan petak terbagi (Split Plot Design) dengan perlakuan terdiri dari dua faktor, yaitu sistem tanam alur sebagai petak utama dan jenis pupuk sebagai anak petak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan sistem tanam alur meningkatkan daya hasil pada produktivitas biji kering, produktivitas polong kering, dan bobot kering biji per tanaman lebih baik dibandingkan sistem tanam konvensional. Hal tersebut ditunjukkan dengan perlakuan sistem tanam alur yang memiliki produktivitas 2.93 ton/ha polong kering, sedangkan sistem tanam konvensional sebesar 2.55 ton/ha polong kering. Sistem budidaya kacang tanah pada sistem tanam alur dapat meningkatkan efisiensi tanaman dalam memanfaatkan unsur hara yang telah diberikan baik pupuk organik maupun anorganik, sehingga pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kacang tanah menjadi lebih baik. Pemberian jenis pupuk kandang ayam + Dolomit + NPK memberikan respon terhadap pertumbuhan dan daya hasil rata-rata tanaman yang lebih baik dibandingkan jenis pupuk lainnya.</em></p>

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Performance of hybrid rice grown from separated tillers

Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University ◽

10.3329/jbau.v17i4.44619 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 507-513

Author(s):

FN Kamarum Munira ◽

Md. Parvez Anwar ◽

Sabina Yeasmin ◽

Md. Harun Or Rashid ◽

Mst Farzana Rahman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Height ◽

Hybrid Rice ◽

Rice Variety ◽

Field Laboratory ◽

Split Plot ◽

Rice Seeds ◽

Four Levels ◽

Plot Design

The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during July to November 2016 to investigate the performance of separated tillers of hybrid rice variety Dhani Gold. The experiment comprised three times of tiller transplantation viz. 3, 4 and 5 week aged tiller seedlings and four levels of number of tiller seedlings transplanted hill-1 viz. 2, 3, 4 and 5 tiller seedlings hill-1 laid out in a split plot design with 3 replications. The highest plant height was obtained when 3-week aged tiller seedlings were transplanted at the rate of 3 tiller seedlings hill-1. The highest number of total tillers hill-1 and number of effective tillers hill-1 were found when 3-week aged tiller seedlings were transplanted with 5 tiller seedlings hill-1. The highest grains panicle-1 was obtained when 4-week aged tiller seedlings were transplanted with 5 tiller seedlings hill-1. The highest grain yield was found when 3-week aged tiller seedlings were transplanted with 5 tiller seedlings hill-1. The lowest grain yield was found when 5-week aged tiller seedlings were transplanted with 2 tiller seedlings hill-1 in hybrid rice variety Dhani Gold. Based on the findings of the present study it may be concluded that 3-week old tiller seedlings of Dhani Gold should be transplanted at the rate of 4 or 5 tiller seedlings hill-1 for higher yield. Thus present study confirms the potentiality of growing hybrid rice from separated tillers in case of unavailability of seedlings or to minimize the seed cost of high value hybrid rice seeds. J Bangladesh Agril Univ 17(4): 507–513, 2019

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