Soil moisture modeling based on stochastic behavior of forces on a no-till chisel opener

2016 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 420-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
André L. Johann ◽  
Augusto G. de Araújo ◽  
Hevandro C. Delalibera ◽  
André R. Hirakawa
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Stochastic Behavior ◽  
No Till

scholarly journals Reduced Tillage Impacts on Pumpkin Yield, Weed Pressure, Soil Moisture, and Soil Erosion

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 1524-1528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan E. O’Rourke ◽  
Jessica Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
No Till ◽  
Trade Offs

Conservation tillage has the potential to decrease the environmental footprint of pumpkin production, but possible trade-offs with yield are not well understood. This study experimentally tested the effects of three cultivation techniques (conventional-till, strip-till, and no-till) on pumpkin production, weed pressure, soil moisture, and soil erosion. Randomized complete block field experiments were conducted on Cucurbita pepo L. ‘Gladiator’ pumpkins in 2014 and 2015. Overall yields were higher in 2015, averaging 45.2 t·ha−1, compared with 37.4 t·ha−1 in 2014. In 2014, pumpkin yields were similar across tillage treatments. In 2015, the average fruit weight of no-till pumpkins was significantly greater than strip-till and conventional-till pumpkins, which corresponded to a marginally significant 13% and 22% yield increase, respectively (P = 0.11). Weed control was variable between years, especially in the strip-till treatment. Soil moisture was consistently highest in the no-till treatment in both years of study. Conventional-till pumpkin plots lost ≈9 times more soil than the two conservation tilled treatments during simulated storm events. The 2015 yield advantage of no-till pumpkins seems related to both high soil moisture retention and weed control. Research results suggest that no-till and strip-till pumpkin production systems yield at least as well as conventional-till systems with the advantage of reducing soil erosion during extreme rains.

Wheat residue management options for no-till corn

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Opoku ◽  
T. J. Vyn
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
No Till

Corn (Zea mays L.) yield reduction following winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in no-till systems prompted a study on the effects of tillage and residue management systems on corn growth and seedbed conditions. Four methods for managing wheat residue (all residue removed, straw baled after harvest, straw left on the soil surface, straw left on the soil surface plus application of 50 kg ha−1N in the fall) were evaluated at two tillage levels: fall moldboard plow (MP) and no-till (NT). No-till treatments required at least 2 more days to achieve 50% corn emergence and 50% silking, and had the lowest corn biomass at 5 and 7 wk after planting. Grain yield was similar among MP treatments and averaged 1.1 t ha−1 higher than NT treatments (P < 0.05). Completely removing all wheat residue from NT plots reduced the number of days required to achieve 50% corn emergence and increased grain yields by 0.43 and 0.61 t ha–1 over baling and not baling straw, respectively, but still resulted in 8% lower grain yields than MP treatments. Grain yield differences among MP treatments were insignificant regardless of the amount of wheat residue left on the surface or N application in the fall. Early in the growing season, the NT treatments where residue was not removed had lower soil growing degree days (soil GDD) compared with MP (baled) treatment, and higher soil moisture levels in the top 15 cm compared with all other treatments. The application of 50 kg N ha−1 in the fall to NT (not baled) plots influenced neither the amount of wheat residue on the soil surface, nor the soil NO3-N levels at planting. Our results suggest that corn response in NT systems after wheat mostly depends on residue level. Key words: Winter wheat, straw management, no-till, corn, soil temperature, soil moisture

SOIL WATER BALANCE AND GRAIN YIELD OF SORGHUM UNDER NO-TILL VERSUS CONVENTIONAL TILLAGE WITH SURFACE MULCH IN THE DERIVED SAVANNA ZONE OF SOUTHEASTERN NIGERIA

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. OBALUM ◽  
U. C. AMALU ◽  
M. E. OBI ◽  
T. WAKATSUKI
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
No Till ◽  
Soil Moisture Status

SUMMARYOver a decade after the forest-savanna transition zone of Nigeria was deemed suitable for production of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), no research has been undertaken on the crop's tillage requirements in the southeastern part of the zone. This study evaluated the effects of tillage-mulch practices on soil moisture, water use (WU), grain yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of the crop in a Typic Paleustult (sandy loam) at Nsukka during 2006 and 2007 growing seasons. In a split-plot design, no-till (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) treatments were left bare (B) or covered with mulch (M) at 5 Mg ha−1. The ensuing treatments (NTB, NTM, CTB, and CTM) represented four tillage methods, which were replicated four times in a randomized complete block. In the monitored root zone, NTB and CTM significantly (p ≤ 0.05) enhanced the soil moisture status over NTM and CTB, but the main effects of the tillage and the mulch factors were not significant. The crop WU was uninfluenced by the treatments throughout the study. Although the grain yield showed higher values with NT than with CT, the differences were significant (p ≤ 0.05) only in 2007 that was marked with erratic rainfall and relatively low mean yield. Mulch significantly (p ≤ 0.05) enhanced the grain yield in 2006, with greater effect in CT than NT. On average, the mulch plots out-yielded their bare counterparts by about 26%. The tillage × mulch interaction was significant (p ≤ 0.01), and showed higher grain yields in NTB, NTM and CTM than in CTB. In the year-weighted average, yield increments in NTB, NTM and CTM over CTB were 53, 53 and 67% respectively, a pointer to the relevance of mulch with the CT but not the NT. Relative WU showed that the crop's water demand was met under all treatments. Hence, the yield reduction in the CTB was not due to water shortage. The WUE varied among the treatments in the same pattern as grain yield. In summary, NTB and CTM proved superior to NTM only in soil moisture status but to CTB in all measured parameters. From a socio-economic viewpoint, however, NTB would be preferable to CTM for growing sorghum in this area.

scholarly journals The effect of soil conservation tillage on soil moisture dynamics under single cropping and crop rotation

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 124-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kováč ◽  
M. Macák ◽  
M. Švančárková
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Soil Moisture Dynamics ◽  
No Till ◽  
Moisture Dynamics

During 1993&ndash;1995 the effect of conventional tillage, reduced till, mulch till and no-till technology on soil moisture dynamics has been studied in field experiment on Haplic chernozems near Pie&scaron;ťany. The tillage treatments were evaluated under a single cropping of maize and spring barley &ndash; common peas &ndash; winter wheat crop rotation. Soil samples for gravimetric determination of moisture content were collected from six layers up to 0.8 m, three times per year (April&ndash;July). The soil moisture was highly significantly influenced in order of importance by date of sampling, year, growing crops, tillage treatments, soil layer and by interactions year &times; crops, year &times; date of sampling, crops &times; date of sampling, tillage &times; date of sampling, year &times; tillage, date of sampling &times; layer and significant influences by interactions, tillage &times; crops. The soil under conventional tillage had significantly higher moisture content than tested reduced till, mulch till and no-till treatments. The significant influence of maize stand on better soil humidity condition (16.35%) in comparison to crops grown in a crop rotation (in average 14.10%) has been ascertained.

No-till - the technology of growing winter wheat as a factor in optimizing the hydrothermal regime of the soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (93) ◽  
pp. 72-75
Author(s):  
A.V. Korniychuk
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Emergence Period ◽  
Maximum Daily Temperature ◽  
No Till ◽  
Germinating Seeds

Application No-till - the technology of growing winter wheat reduces the fluctuations in the daily temperatures of thesoil surface by more than half, by almost 70 ° C, reduces the maximum daily temperature, which reduces the soil moisture loss by 1.7 times, compared to traditional technology. In the period of high demand of germinating seeds in the heat, zero tillage retains it better, reducing the pre-emergence period by 30%. With No-till technology, the risk of damage to plants by low temperatures and ice cake during the overwintering period is significantlyreduced.

Effect of No-Till and Raised-Bed Planting on Soil Moisture Conservation and Productivity of Summer Maize (Zea mays) in Eastern Himalayas

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulab Singh Yadav ◽  
Poulami Saha ◽  
Subhash Babu ◽  
Anup Das ◽  
Jayanta Layek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Summer Maize ◽  
Eastern Himalayas ◽  
No Till ◽  
Soil Moisture Conservation ◽  
Raised Bed

Traditional Tillage Systems as Drought Adaptation Strategies of Smallholder Farmers: The Case of Semi-Arid Central Tanzania

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riziki S. Shemdoe ◽  
Idris S. Kikula ◽  
Patrick Van Damme
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
No Till ◽  
Selection Of

This article presents local knowledge on ecosystem management by analyzing and discussing traditional tillage practices applied by smallholder farmers as a response to drought risks in dryland areas of Mpwapwa District, central Tanzania. Farming activities in the area wholly depend on rain-fed systems. Information from key informants and in-depth household interviews indicate that farmers in this area use three different traditional tillage practices—no-till (sesa), shallow tillage (kutifua), and ridges (matuta). Available information suggests that selection of a particular practice depends on affordability (in terms of costs and labor requirements), perceived ability to retain nutrient and soil-water, and improvement of control of erosion and crop yield. In this area, smallholder farmers perceive no-till practice to contribute to more weed species, hence more weeding time and labor are needed than in the other two practices. The no-till practice also contributes to low soil fertility, low soil moisture retention, and poor crop yield. No plans have been made to introduce irrigation farming in these marginal areas of central Tanzania. Thus, improving the ability of the tillage practices to conserve soil moisture and maintain soil fertility nutrients using locally available materials are important tasks to be carried out. This will ensure the selection of practices that will have positive influence on improved crop yields in the area.

scholarly journals ESTIMATIVA DA DEMANDA ENERGÉTICA DE UMA SEMEADORA-ADUBADORA DE PRECISÃO EM SEMEADURA DIRETA DA SOJA

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 484-492
Author(s):  
Cristiano Márcio Alves de Souza ◽  
Eduardo Leonel Bottega ◽  
Leidy Zulys Leyva Rafull ◽  
Sálvio Napoleão Soares Arcoverde
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Power Demand ◽  
Cutting Depth ◽  
No Till ◽  
Furrow Opener ◽  
Energetic Demand ◽  
Fertilizer System ◽  
Santa Maria

ESTIMATIVA DA DEMANDA ENERGÉTICA DE UMA SEMEADORA-ADUBADORA DE PRECISÃO EM SEMEADURA DIRETA DA SOJA   CRISTIANO MÁRCIO ALVES DE SOUZA1, EDUARDO LEONEL BOTTEGA2, LEIDY ZULYS LEYVA RAFULL1, SÁLVIO NAPOLEÃO SOARES ARCOVERDE1   1 Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Rodovia Dourados/Itahum, km 12, 79.804-970, Dourados, MS, Brasil, [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 2Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus de Cachoeira do Sul, Rodovia Taufik Germano, 3013, 96503-205, Cachoeira do Sul, RS, Brasil, [email protected]   RESUMO: A otimização dos sistemas mecanizados é essencial visando a melhoria da demanda energética dos conjuntos nas operações agrícolas e, consequentemente, redução dos custos de produção. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a demanda energética de um conjunto trator-semeadora-adubadora, em função de diferentes mecanismos sulcadores e teores de água no solo sob sistema de semeadura direta da soja. O experimento foi montado em esquema de parcelas subsubdivididas, em que as parcelas constituíram os teores de água no solo (0,258; 0,277 e 0,290 g g-1), as subparcelas o tipo de sulcador (haste e disco-duplo) e as subsubparcelas os níveis de cargas aplicadas (451, 685 e 893 N) na linha da semeadora-adubadora, no delineamento em blocos casualizados, com três repetições. O teor de água no solo influencia diferentemente a demanda energética do conjunto trator-semeadora-adubadora em função do tipo de sulcador. O uso da haste sulcadora aumenta a patinagem, a potência e força específicas de tração, sendo a força maior para a haste independentemente da profundidade de corte do solo. Houve aumento da força e potência específicas de tração com o aumento da profundidade de corte do solo para ambos os sulcadores, bem como do consumo específico de combustível quando utilizada a haste sulcadora.   Palavras-chaves: haste sulcadora, patinagem, umidade do solo, potência.   ESTIMATION OF PRECISION SEEDER-FERTILIZER ENERGETIC DEMAND IN SOYBEAN NO-TILL   ABSTRACT: The optimization of mechanized systems is essential to improve the energy demand of the sets in agricultural operations and, consequently, reduce production costs. The work's objective was to evaluate a tractor-seeder-fertilizer system's energy demand due to different furrow openers and soil moisture under soybean's no-till. The experimental delineation adopted was the complete random blocks in a split-split-plot scheme in which the plots consisted of three soil moisture (0.258, 0.277 and 0.290 g g-1), the subplots of two mechanisms for furrow opening (hoe opener and double disk), and the sub-subplots of three applied loads (451, 685 and 893 N) in the seeder row on the soil, with three replications. The soil moisture influences the energy demand of the tractor-seeder-fertilizer system differently due to the furrow opener type. The hoe opener's use increases the wheel slippage, power demand, being the power greater for hoe opener regardless of the cutting depth. There was an increase in power demand with the rise of the cutting depth for both furrow openers, while the greater specific fuel consumption was using the hoe opener.   Keywords: furrow opener, wheel slippage, soil moisture, power.

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