scholarly journals Performance of an anaerobic-aerobic reactor and kinetic study of organic matter removal of cattle slaughterhouse effluent

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiane Kreutz ◽  
Fernando H. Passig ◽  
Karina Q. de Carvalho ◽  
Juliana B. R. Mees ◽  
Simone D. Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Organic Matter Removal ◽  
Order Kinetic Model ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Bicarbonate Alkalinity

This paper sought to evaluate the behavior of an upflow Anaerobic-Aerobic Fixed Bed Reactor (AAFBR) in the treatment of cattle slaughterhouse effluent and determine apparent kinetic constants of the organic matter removal. The AAFBR was operated with no recirculation (Phase I) and with 50% of effluent recirculation (Phase II), with θ of 11h and 8h. In terms of pH, bicarbonate alkalinity and volatile acids, the results indicated the reactor ability to maintain favorable conditions for the biological processes involved in the organic matter removal in both operational phases. The average removal efficiencies of organic matter along the reactor height, expressed in terms of raw COD, were 49% and 68% in Phase I and 54% and 86% in Phase II for θ of 11h and 8h, respectively. The results of the filtered COD indicated removal efficiency of 52% and k = 0.0857h-1 to θ of 11h and 42% and k = 0.0880h-1 to θ of 8h in the Phase I. In Phase II, the removal efficiencies were 59% and 51% to θ of 11h and 8h, with k = 0.1238h-1 and k = 0.1075 h-1, respectively. The first order kinetic model showed good adjustment and described adequately the kinetics of organic matter removal for θ of 11h, with r² equal to 0.9734 and 0.9591 to the Phases I and II, respectively.

scholarly journals Thermophilic two-phase anaerobic digestion using an innovative fixed-bed reactor for enhanced organic matter removal and bioenergy recovery from sugarcane vinasse

2017 ◽  
Vol 189 ◽  
pp. 480-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Tadeu Fuess ◽  
Luma Sayuri Mazine Kiyuna ◽  
Antônio Djalma Nunes Ferraz ◽  
Gabriela Felix Persinoti ◽  
Fabio Marcio Squina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Organic Matter Removal ◽  
Sugarcane Vinasse

Nitrogen and residual organic matter removal from anaerobic reactor effluentin a fixed-bed reactor with biogas for denitrification

2014 ◽  
Vol 90 (12) ◽  
pp. 2227-2233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Luis Rodrigues Pantoja Filho ◽  
Márcia H. R. Zamariolli Damianovic ◽  
Débora Faria Fonseca ◽  
Eugenio Foresti
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Organic Matter Removal ◽  
Anaerobic Reactor ◽  
Residual Organic Matter

Electricity generation through a photo sediment microbial fuel cell using algae at the cathode

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 3269-3277 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Neethu ◽  
M. M. Ghangrekar
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Sediment Organic Matter ◽  
Overlying Water ◽  
Organic Matter Removal ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

Abstract Sediment microbial fuel cells (SMFCs) are bio-electrochemical devices generating electricity from redox gradients occurring across the sediment–water interface. Sediment microbial carbon-capture cell (SMCC), a modified SMFC, uses algae grown in the overlying water of sediment and is considered as a promising system for power generation along with algal cultivation. In this study, the performance of SMCC and SMFC was evaluated in terms of power generation, dissolved oxygen variations, sediment organic matter removal and algal growth. SMCC gave a maximum power density of 22.19 mW/m2, which was 3.65 times higher than the SMFC operated under similar conditions. Sediment organic matter removal efficiencies of 77.6 ± 2.1% and 61.0 ± 1.3% were obtained in SMCC and SMFC, respectively. With presence of algae at the cathode, a maximum chemical oxygen demand and total nitrogen removal efficiencies of 63.3 ± 2.3% (8th day) and 81.6 ± 1.2% (10th day), respectively, were observed. The system appears to be favorable from a resources utilization perspective as it does not depend on external aeration or membranes and utilizes algae and organic matter present in sediment for power generation. Thus, SMCC has proven its applicability for installation in an existing oxidation pond for sediment remediation, algae growth, carbon conversion and power generation, simultaneously.

Modeling of the Adsorption/Desorption Characteristics and Properties of Anthocyanins from Extruded Red Cabbage Juice by Macroporous Adsorbent Resin

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pingjing Zhang ◽  
Liping Wang ◽  
Sheng Fang
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Adsorption And Desorption ◽  
Red Cabbage ◽  
Macroporous Resins ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Order Kinetic Model ◽  
Color Density ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

AbstractThe adsorption/desorption characteristics, modeling and properties of anthocyanins from extruded red cabbage juice by macroporous resins were investigated. The static adsorption and desorption capacities of red cabbage anthocyanins on five macroporous resins were measured and compared. The X-5 resin showed the best capacities and was selected for the adsorption kinetics, isotherms and elution studies. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model were used to describe the adsorption process and mechanism. Dynamic adsorption and desorption tests were performed on a fixed-bed column, and the loading and eluent conditions were optimized. The purity of anthocyanins in freeze-dried purified powder by the resin adsorption process is 21.3 ± 0.9 wt % and shows better stability in the air than the unpurified one. Finally, the antioxidant activity and color properties including color density, color intensity, color tonality and degradation index of the purified powders were measured.

scholarly journals Modified Spruce Sawdust for Sorption of Hexavalent Chromium in Batch Systems and Fixed-Bed Columns

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (21) ◽  
pp. 5156
Author(s):  
Dororthea Politi ◽  
Dimitrios Sidiras
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Hexavalent Chromium ◽  
Diethylene Glycol ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Order Kinetic Model ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

This study investigated the potential use of spruce sawdust that was pretreated with diethylene glycol and sulfuric acid for the removal of hexavalent chromium from wastewater. The sawdust pretreatment process was conducted at different temperatures and times. The adsorbent was characterized by quantitative saccharification, scanning electron microscopy, and Brunauer–Emmet–Teller surface area analysis. Adsorption capacity was studied for both batch and column processes. The experimental adsorption isotherms were simulated using seven isotherm models, including Freundlich and Langmuir models. By using the Langmuir isotherm model, the maximal Cr(VI) adsorption capacity of organosolv-pretreated spruce sawdust (qm) was 318.3 mg g−1. Furthermore, the kinetic data were fitted to Lagergren, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion models, revealing that the adsorption of Cr(VI) onto spruce sawdust pretreated with diethylene glycol and sulfuric acid is best represented by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Three kinetic models, namely, the Bohart–Adams model, Thomas model, and modified dose–response (MDR) model, were used to fit the experimental data obtained from the column experiments and to resolve the characteristic parameters. The Thomas adsorption column capacity of the sawdust was increased from 2.44 to 31.1 mg g−1 upon pretreatment, thus, demonstrating that organosolv treatment enhances the adsorption capability of the material.

The effects of grazing intensity on herbage consumption and animal production: IV. An evaluation of two methods for avoiding the rejection of fouled herbage by dairy cows

1972 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Reid ◽  
J. F. D. Greenhalgh ◽  
J. N. Aitken
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adjacent Area ◽  
Pasture Area

SUMMARYFor phase I of a rotational grazing experiment (three grazing cycles; May–July) a group of nine cows (group S) were ‘conditioned’ to eat fouled herbage by being allowed to graze only on slurry-treated pasture (area 1), and two further groups of nine (groups H and C) grazed on an adjacent area (2) of untreated pasture. One-third of area 2 was harrowed after each grazing. During phase II (the fourth grazing cycle; August) group H grazed on the harrowed part and groups S and C grazed on the remainder of area 2. The herbage allowance was 15 kg dry matter per cow per day in phase I and 12 kg in phase II.In phase I, group S cows ate significantly less than groups C and H combined (9·2 v. 10·5 kg organic matter per day), and lost weight (– 0·37 v. + 0–03 kg/day), but their milk yields were not significantly lower (16·1 v.16–6 kg/day). In phase II neither intake nor milk yield differed significantly between the three groups, but group S cows gained weight while the other two groups lost weight.It was concluded that neither conditioning the cows nor harrowing the pasture was an effective means of avoiding rejection of fouled pasture.

scholarly journals Start-up of anaerobic reactors for slaughterhouse wastewater treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
RONALDO FIA ◽  
ERLON L. PEREIRA ◽  
FÁTIMA R. L. FIA ◽  
DÉBORA G. EMBOABA ◽  
EMANUEL M. GOMES
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Slaughterhouse Wastewater ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Bicarbonate Alkalinity

This study aimed to evaluate the start-up of a horizontal anaerobic fixed bed reactor (HAFBR) followed by an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) for the slaughterhouse wastewater treatment. HAFBR was filled with bamboo rings and had 1.2 m in length, 0.10 m in diameter and volume of 7.5 L. The UASB had the volume of 15 L. The HAFBR and UASB operated at organic loading rate and hydraulic retention time average of 8.46 and 3.77 kg m-3 d-1 of COD and 0.53 and 0.98 days, respectively. During 150 days of monitoring system it was found pH 6.8, relatively high values of bicarbonate alkalinity (> 1000 mg L-1) and reduced values of volatile acids (70 to 150 mg L-1), which afforded average removal efficiencies of COD total and total suspended solids of the order of 31 and 23% in HAFBR and 79% and 63% in UASB. It can be concluded that the generation and consumption of bicarbonate alkalinity and total volatile acids, thereby maintaining the pH during the study indicated stable operation of the reactors. The COD removal in the reactors was satisfactory especially when it considers that the assessment was conducted in a period of adaptation of organisms to the effluent and also the high organic load applied during this period.

scholarly journals Cassava Wastewater Treatment in Fixed-Bed Reactors: Organic Matter Removal and Biogas Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisangela Watthier ◽  
Cristiane L. Andreani ◽  
Douglas G. B. Torres ◽  
Osvaldo Kuczman ◽  
Maria H. F. Tavares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Organic Matter Removal ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactors ◽  
Cassava Wastewater
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