scholarly journals Reactivation of latent bovine herpesvirus type 5 in cattle with polioencephalomalacia induced by ammonium sulphate

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 435-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia David ◽  
Sílvia O. Hübner ◽  
Franklin Riet-Correa ◽  
Danisa Halfen ◽  
Ricardo A. Lemos
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Uninfected Control ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus Type 5 ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

In the state Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, outbreaks of meningoencephalitis by BoHV-5 and polioencephalomalacia (PEM) display similar epidemiological features, suggesting that meningoencephalitis may be associated with reactivation of a latent BoHV-5 infection, during the development of PEM. To test this hypothesis, four 7-8 months old steers negative for BoHV-5 antibodies were inoculated intranasally with BoHV-5 and received amprolium from day 35 to day 105 after inoculation. Because PEM was not produced during this period, ammonium sulphate was given from day 114 to day 180 after inoculation. Two uninfected control steers received amprolium and ammonium sulphate for the same periods. All inoculated cattle developed antibodies against BoHV-5 after inoculation and the virus was isolated from nasal swabs, indicating that they were infected. Two inoculated steers had clinical signs of PEM after 118 and 146 days after virus inoculation. One was euthanized after a clinical manifestation period of seven days and had severe lesions of PEM and meningoencephalitis. BoHV-5 was isolated from the central nervous system of this animal. The other animal recovered but continued to manifest chronic signs of PEM and was euthanatized. On histological examination, the cerebral cortex, caudate nucleus and thalamus had multifocal areas of malacia and mild meningoencephalitis of the cortex. BoHV-5 was not isolated from the brain. One uninfected control steer had signs of neurological disease on day 158 and had lesions of PEM without meningoencephalitis at necropsy. The simultaneous production of PEM and diffuse meningoencephalitis, with isolation of BoHV-5, in one steer treated with ammonium sulphate, 118 days after BoHV-5 inoculation, suggests that latent BoHV-5 was reactivated in this animal submitted to experimental induction of PEM.

scholarly journals Presence of amastigotes in the central nervous system of hamsters infected with Leishmania sp.

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisangela de Oliveira ◽  
Elisa Teruya Oshiro ◽  
Rebeca Vieira Pinto ◽  
Bruna Corrêa de Castro ◽  
Karla Borges Daniel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Direct Examination ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Animal House ◽  
Immunohistochemical Studies ◽  
Negative Controls ◽  
The Brain

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a severe chronic disease caused by Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi. Better knowledge on the effects caused by this disease can help develop adequate clinical management and treatment. Parasitological and immunohistochemical studies were performed golden hamsters Mesocricetus auratus infected with bone marrow from individuals with VL in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, central-west Brazil. The effects of parasitism in the spleen, liver, kidneys, lungs, heart and brain of the animals were examined. Eighteen hamsters were inoculated intraperitoneally, and six healthy animals were used as negative controls. The animals were kept in the animal house and checked for clinical signs. Specimens of each organ were examined for the presence of amastigotes. Immunohistochemical technique was performed in all brain specimens and organs negative on the direct examination of parasites. Direct examination of amastigotes was positive in the spleen and liver of all infected animals; 33.3% showed the parasite in the kidneys and lungs, and 16.7% in the heart. Parasitic forms were seen in 83.3% (15/18) of the brain examined. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the results of the direct examination, except in two specimens of lung tissue and in the brain specimens. Other studies are needed to further clarify the effect of the parasite in the central nervous system.

scholarly journals Experimental infection of rabbits with a recombinant bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5) gI, gE and US9-negative

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 913-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra D'Avila Silva ◽  
Ana Cláudia Franco ◽  
Paulo Augusto Esteves ◽  
Fernando Rosado Spilki ◽  
Paulo Michel Roehe
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Viral Genes ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus Type 5 ◽  
Two Age Groups

Bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5) is a major cause of viral meningoencephalitis in cattle. The expression of different viral proteins has been associated with BoHV-5 neuropathogenesis. Among these, gI, gE and US9 have been considered essential for the production of neurological disease in infected animals. To evaluate the role of gI, gE and US9 in neurovirulence, a recombinant from which the respective genes were deleted (BoHV-5 gI-/gE-/US9-) was constructed and inoculated in rabbits of two age groups (four and eight weeks-old). When the recombinant virus was inoculated through the paranasal sinuses of four weeks-old rabbits, neurological disease was observed and death was the outcome in 4 out of 13 (30.7 %) animals, whereas clinical signs and death were observed in 11/13 (84.6%) of rabbits infected with the parental virus. In eight weeks-old rabbits, the BoHV-5 gI-/gE-/US9- did not induce clinically apparent disease and could not be reactivated after dexamethasone administration, whereas wild type BoHV-5 caused disease in 55.5% of the animals and was reactivated. These findings reveal that the simultaneous deletion of gI, gE and US9 genes did reduce but did not completely abolish the neurovirulence of BoHV-5 in rabbits, indicating that other viral genes may also play a role in the induction of neurological disease.

Susceptibility of mice to bovine herpesvirus type 5 infection in the central nervous system

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. P. Mesquita ◽  
R. C. Costa ◽  
M. M. Fusuma ◽  
F. R. P. Bruhn ◽  
E. Mori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus Type 5

scholarly journals Pathogenesis of meningoencephalitis in rabbits by bovine herpesvirus type-5 (BHV-5)

1999 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana M. da Silva ◽  
Eduardo F. Flores ◽  
Rudi Weiblen ◽  
Marister C. Canto ◽  
Luiz F. Irigoyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Infectious Virus ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus ◽  
Trigeminal Ganglia ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Gross Lesions ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus Type 5

This article describes the main aspects of bovine herpesvirus type-5 (BHV-5) neurologic infection and disease in rabbits, a candidate animal model for studying BHV-5 neuropathogenesis. Intranasal inoculation of weanling rabbits with a Brazilian BHV-5 isolate produced neurological disease and death in 78.8% (26/33) of the animals. Neurological signs started as early as 5 days post-inoculation and lasted from 10-12 hours up to several days. Most animals evolved to a moribund state or death within 24 (69.2%) to 48 hours (88.5%). Neurological disease was characterized by excitability or depression, tremors, bruxism, walking or running in circles, backward arching of the head and body, incoordination, backward and sideways falling, paddling, profound depression and death. Moderate levels of infectivity were detected in several areas of the brain, most consistently in the ventro-lateral hemisphere (in 16 out of 20 animals), anterior cerebrum (15/20), midbrain (11/20), dorso-lateral hemisphere (10/20) and pons (12/26). Infectious virus was also recovered from the olfactory bulb (9/20), medulla oblongata (10/26), cerebellum (7/20), posterior cerebrum (5/20) and trigeminal ganglia (4/20). No gross lesions were observed. Microscopic lesions were mild and consisted of non-suppurative meningitis, mononuclear perivascular cuffing and focal gliosis. These changes were observed most consistently in the ventro-lateral hemisphere and anterior cerebrum. Passive immunity partially protected rabbits from BHV-5-induced encephalitis. Rabbits born to immunized dams showed a significative delay in the onset of clinical disease and reduced morbidity and mortality rates compared to rabbits born to unvaccinated dams. These results demonstrate that BHV-5-induced neurological disease can consistently be reproduced in rabbits and point towards the use of this species as an animal model to study BHV-5 neuropathogenesis.

scholarly journals Clinical and epidemiological features of 123 cases of cryptococcosis in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea De Siqueira Campos Lindenberg ◽  
Marilene Rodrigues Chang ◽  
Anamaria Melo Miranda Paniago ◽  
Márcia Dos Santos Lazéra ◽  
Paula Maria Frank Moncada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
Cryptococcus Species ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
The University ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

To identify the clinical and epidemiological profile of cryptococcosis diagnosed at the University Hospital of the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, medical records of 123 patients admitted from January 1995 to December 2005 were analyzed. One hundred and four cases (84.5%) had HIV infection, six (4.9%) had other predisposing conditions and 13 (10.6%) were immunocompetent. Male patients predominated (68.3%) and their age ranged from 19 to 69 years (mean: 35.9). Most patients (73.2%) were born and lived lifelong in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. Involvement of the central nervous system occurred in 103 patients (83.7%) and headache and vomiting were the most frequent symptoms. In 77 cases it was possible to identify the Cryptococcus species: 69 (89.6%) C. neoformans and eight (10.4%) C. gattii. Amphotericin B was the drug of choice for treatment (106/123), followed by fluconazole in 60% of cases. The overall lethality rate was 49.6%, being 51% among the HIV infected patients and 41.2% among the non-HIV infected (p > 0.05). Although cryptococcosis exhibited in our region a similar behavior to that described in the literature, the detection of an important rate of immunocompetent individuals and five C. gattii cryptococcosis in HIV-infected patients is noteworthy.

Distribution and histopathological changes induced by cysts ofTaenia soliumin the brain of pigs from Tanzania

2014 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 559-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.M. Mkupasi ◽  
H.A. Ngowi ◽  
C.S. Sikasunge ◽  
P.S. Leifsson ◽  
M.V. Johansen
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Loss Of Consciousness ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Spinal Cord Cysts ◽  
The Brain

AbstractNeurocysticercosis (NCC) caused byTaenia soliumcysts is a frequent but neglected parasitic disease of the central nervous system (CNS) worldwide. The aim of this study was to describe anatomical locations of cysts in the CNS and the corresponding inflammation. A total of 17 naturally infected pigs were used to evaluate the distribution of cysts and, of these, seven were used to evaluate the corresponding inflammation further, through histopathology. Clinical signs in the pigs included dullness, sluggishness, somnolence, apathy and loss of consciousness. Cysts were distributed in all cerebral lobes, i.e. 39.7% in the frontal lobe, 20.3% in the parietal lobe, 20.0% in the occipital lobe and 19.7% in the temporal lobe, and only 0.4% in the cerebellum. No cysts were found in the spinal cord. Cysts were localized as follows: 47.9% in the dorsal subarachnoid, 46.9% in the parenchyma, 4.4% in the subarachnoid base and 0.9% in the ventricles. The results of the histopathology revealed lesions in an early inflammatory stage, i.e. stage I, in all anatomical locations except for two, which showed more of an inflammatory reaction, stage III, in one pig. It was concluded that clinical signs in pigs were neither pathognomonic nor consistent. These signs, therefore, cannot be used as a reliable indicator of porcine NCC. Furthermore,T. soliumcysts were found to be in abundance in all cerebral lobes, and only a few were found in the cerebellum. Regarding the inflammatory response, no significant differences were found in the location and total number of cysts. Thus, further studies are needed to explain the determinants of cyst distribution in the CNS and assess in detail clinical signs associated with porcine NCC.

scholarly journals Naphthoquine-induced Central Nervous System and Hepatic Vasculocentric Toxicity in the Beagle Dog

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 1128-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Rene Galarneau ◽  
Emily K. Meseck ◽  
Robert L. Hall ◽  
Wenkui Li ◽  
Margaret L. Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Plasma Exposure ◽  
Toxicology Study ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Microscopic Findings

Naphthoquine phosphate (NP) was considered as a partner drug with a promising antimalarial drug candidate. Here we report unexpected adverse clinical signs and microscopic findings in a canine pilot toxicology study with NP. Male and female dogs were dosed daily by oral gavage with NP at 2, 10, or 50 mg/kg/day for a maximum of 14 days. NP was not tolerated at ≥10 mg/kg/day; several animals were sacrificed in moribund condition and marked neurological clinical signs were noted at 50 mg/kg/day. The main microscopic observation was central nervous system vasculocentric inflammation (mainly lymphocytes and macrophages) in the white and gray matter of various regions of the brain at ≥2 mg/kg/day and at lower incidence in the spinal cord at ≥10 mg/kg/day. Vasculocentric microscopic changes predominantly centered on the centrilobular vein were also observed in the liver at ≥2 mg/kg/day. Females were more sensitive than males with comparable NP plasma exposure. In conclusion, under the conditions of this study, the administration of NP to dogs via daily oral gavage for up to 2 weeks was not tolerated causing moribundity, marked neurological clinical signs, and vasculocentric microscopic changes in the central nervous system and the liver.

scholarly journals Trypanosoma vivax infection dynamics in a cattle herd maintained in a transition area between Pantanal lowlands and highlands of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles F. Martins ◽  
Cláudio R. Madruga ◽  
Wilson W. Koller ◽  
Flábio R. Araújo ◽  
Cleber O. Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Vivax Infection ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Trypanosoma Vivax ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Transition Area ◽  
Infection Dynamics ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

Trypanosoma vivax outbreaks in beef cattle in the Pantanal region of Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil, causes relevant economical impact due to weight loss, abortion and mortality. Cattle moved from the Pantanal to adjacent areas of this ecosystem for breeding and fattening is a common feature. Therefore an epidemiological study on breeding cows in the transition area between Pantanal lowland and adjacent highlands of Mato Grosso do Sul was performed to determine the T. vivax infection dynamics and outbreak risk. Three experimental groups were formed: Group 1 consisted of cows parasitologically negative by the Woo test and in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for T. vivax antibody detection (Tv-ELISA-Ab); Group 2 parasitologically negative and positive in the Tv-ELISA-Ab; and in Group 3 cows were parasitologically positive and with positive reactions in the Tv-ELISA-Ab. During 24 months, the cows' dislodgment between the above established groups was monitored by Woo test and Tv-ELISA-Ab exams. The tabanid population was also monitored and the highest number occurred during the rainy season. Although parasitemias were detected only in the first four samplings of the experimental period, the cows could be considered as trypanotolerant, because no clinical signs were observed. Despite the higher T. vivax incidence during the dry season, no disease symptoms were seen. Even though T. vivax epidemiological situation in the herd was characterized as endemic with seasonal variation, the probability of outbreaks was null within the conditions of the study.

scholarly journals Co-infections with bovine herpesvirus type 5 and bovine viral diarrhoea virus

2006 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 699-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.R. Spilki ◽  
T.C. Silva ◽  
P.A. Esteves ◽  
M.B. Teixeira ◽  
H.B.C.R. Batista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus Type 5

During a series of experiments attempting to reproduce clinically apparent bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5) infections, a group of calves was inadvertently infected with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV). Another group of calves was infected with BoHV-5 only. This paper reports the outcome of such infections. Two out of six calves solely infected with BoHV-5 displayed moderate to severe clinical signs. Three out of four calves of the group co-infected with BoHV-5 and BVDV developed severe clinical signs, two of them died. BoHV-5 virus was isolated to higher titres and for a longer period from the group of calves infected with both viruses. These results suggest that BVDV may enhance clinical signs induced by BoHV-5 and may also play a role in extending the period of BoHV-5 shedding.

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