scholarly journals Sheep poisoning by Panicum dichotomiflorum in northeastern Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franklin Riet-Correa ◽  
Mitsue Haraguchi ◽  
Antônio F. M. Dantas ◽  
Rodrigo G. Burakovas ◽  
Akihito Yokosuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
13C Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Corneal Opacity ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Furostanol Saponins ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
The Face ◽  
One Year ◽  
Panicum Dichotomiflorum

Different species of Panicum, including P. dichotomiflorum,have been reported as a cause of photosensitization in sheep, horses, cattle and goats. An outbreak of hepatogenous photosensitization occurred in 3 flocks of hair sheep in the Brazilian semiarid region. Eighty one out of 365 sheep were affected and 39 died. The main affected animals were nursing lambs and sheep younger than one year old. Donkeys, goats and cattle grazing in the same pasture were not affected. Clinical signs were edema of the head, followed by dermatitis, mainly in the face, ears, and croup, ocular discharge, corneal opacity with blindness, and redness of the coronary band and hoof. At necropsy of one affected lamb the liver was yellowish. Upon histologic examination scattered necrotic hepatocytes were observed in the liver and focal areas of necrosis of myocytes appeared in the heart. Samples of P. dicotomiflorum were analyzed by TLC and those containing saponins were isolated by HPLC using RP-C18 column and eluted with a mixture of MeOH and H2O. The isolated compounds were submitted to ¹H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Reactions were positive to furostanol saponins with the same Rf of the standard protodioscin (0.21) and methylprotodioscin (0.32). The spectroscopic results indicated a mixture of (25R)- and (25S)-protodioscin isomers in a proportion of 3:1, and methylprotodioscin.

scholarly journals Outbreaks of rhinofacial and rhinopharyngeal zygomycosis in sheep in Paraíba, northeastern Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franklin Riet-Correa ◽  
Antônio F.M. Dantas ◽  
Edísio O. Azevedo ◽  
Sara D.V. Simões ◽  
Silvana M.S. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Course ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Clinical Form ◽  
Orbital Cavity ◽  
Nasal Vestibule ◽  
Cutting Surface ◽  
The Face

Two outbreaks of zigomycosis with rhinofacial and two other with rhinopharyngeal lesions involving fungi with filamentous coaenocytic hyphae characteristic of entomoph-thoramycetous fungi are reported in the state of Paraíba, northeastern Brazil. One outbreak of rhinofacial zygomycosis occurred during the rainy season affecting 5 sheep. Another outbreak of the clinical form affected one out of 40 sheep during the dry season. Common clinical signs of the rhinofacial infection were bilateral serosanguineous nasal discharge with swelling of nostrils, upper lip, and the skin of the face. At necropsy the nasal mucosa showed dark brownish ulcerated areas which extended from the mucocutaneous region to 10cm inside the nasal vestibule. The mucosa of the hard palate was also ulcerated. The cutting surface of nostrils and palate showed a brownish or red spongeous tissue of friable consistency. One outbreak of rhinopharyngitis took place on an irrigated coconut farm; 7 out of 60 adult sheep were affected. Another outbreak affected a sheep in a flock of 80 during the dry season. Clinical signs as noisy respiration and dyspnoea due to mechanical blockage of the nasal cavities, swelling of the nostrils, and serosanguineous nasal discharge were observed. Six out of 8 sheep in this group showed exophthalmia, keratitis and unilateral corneal ulceration of the eye. The sheep either died of their infection or were euthanized after a clinical course of 7-30 days. At necropsy there was a dense yellow exudate in the nasopharyngeal area affecting the ethmoidal region, turbinate bones, paranasal sinuses, hard and soft palates, orbital cavity, pharynges, regional muscles and lymph nodes. Histopathologically both forms of the disease showed multifocal granulomas with an eosinophilic necrotic reaction (Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon) containing ribbon-type coenocytic hyphae with 7-30mum in diameter similar to hyphae of zygomycetous fungi, possibly Conidiobolus spp. Outbreaks of both forms of mycotic rhinitis are common in northeastern Brazil and in other regions of the country.

A new species of Erythroxylum (Erythroxylaceae) from the Brazilian semiarid region

Phytotaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 150 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Iracema Bezerra Loiola
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
The State ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
A New Species

Erythroxylum angelicae, a new species of Erythroxylum sect. Archerythroxylum, is described and illustrated. This species occurs in “Carrasco” vegetation of the state of Ceará, northeastern Brazil. It is recognized by the persistent cataphylls, non-striated, long-triangular, and palleaceous; stipules non-striated, 3-setulose; flowers subsessile, calyx lobes triangular, and styles free. Affinity relationships with other species of Erythroxylum are also presented and discussed.

scholarly journals GENETIC SIMILARITY OF Macrophomina pseudophaseolina ISOLATES ASSOCIATED WITH WEEDS IN THE BRAZILIAN SEMIARID REGION

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 908-917
Author(s):  
TALISON EUGÊNIO DA COSTA ◽  
ANDRÉIA MITSA PAIVA NEGREIROS ◽  
MATHEUS DE FREITAS SOUZA ◽  
RUI SALES JÚNIOR ◽  
IONÁ SANTOS ARAÚJO HOLANDA
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Trianthema Portulacastrum ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Vine Decline ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

ABSTRACT Macrophomina pseudophaseolina has recently been reported in association with weeds in melon producing areas in Northeastern Brazil. Species from this genus are the causal agents of root rot and vine decline (RRVD) in melon, reducing its productivity. It is needed to know the genetic variability of the pathogen to develop effective control methods. Thus, this work aimed to assess the genetic diversity among M. pseudophaseolina isolates collected from the weeds Trianthema portulacastrum L. and Boerhavia diffusa L. using ISSR and RAPD markers. For this, 41 M. pseudophaseolina isolates were submitted to amplification with five ISSR and ten RAPD primers. Genetic similarity was analyzed using the Jaccard’s coefficient and cluster analysis was performed by the UPGMA method. Combining data from both markers, the 41 isolates were separated into eight groups. Most groups were not arranged according to geographical origin and host of the pathogen. The genetic similarity among isolates ranged from 0.15 to 0.87. On the other hand, the highest genetic dissimilarity (85%) was observed between the isolate MpBr11, collected from T. portulacastrum in Icapuí (CE), and MpBr65, collected from B. diffusa in Assú (RN). Results obtained herein can assist breeding programs for the selection of resistance sources and the development of effective control methods against RRVD in melon.

scholarly journals Dermatophilosis in sheep raised under rotational grazing systems on irrigated pastures in the Brazilian semiarid region

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Diniz Vieira ◽  
Franklin Riet Correa ◽  
Vinícius Longo Ribeiro Vilela ◽  
Márcia Alves de Medeiros ◽  
Dayana Firmino de Morais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Rotational Grazing ◽  
Procaine Penicillin ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Santa Inês ◽  
Stocking Rates

ABSTRACT: Seventeen outbreaks of dermatophilosis are reported from three farms affecting Santa Inês and Santa Inês x Dorper sheep that were reared in irrigated areas with rotational grazing at a stocking rate of 50 to 100 sheep per hectare, in the Brazilian semiarid region. Most outbreaks occurred after rains and affected sheep of different ages, with morbidity rates of 0.77% to 31%. Clinical signs were dermatitis with crusts that stood out easily and left areas of alopecia. Dermatophilus congolensis was isolated in cultures in 5% sheep blood agar by means of Haalstra’s method. Histologically, the epidermis showed extensive multifocal areas of ortho and parakeratotic hyperkeratosis with intracorneal microabscesses and presence of D. congolensis. Sheep affected were isolated from the flocks and they recovered after treatment with 70,000IU of procaine penicillin G and 70mg of dihydrostreptomycin sulphate per kg of bodyweight. Dermatophilosis is a frequent endemic disease in rotational grazing systems with irrigated pastures and high stocking rates, which occurs with higher frequency after rains and can be controlled efficiently through isolation of the affected sheep, followed by application of a single dose of penicillin and streptomycin.

scholarly journals Nitrogen fertilization on the agro-economic performance of sesame in the Brazilian semiarid

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoel Galdino dos Santos ◽  
Ênio Gomes Flôr Souza ◽  
Leonardo Vieira de Souza ◽  
Luiz Aurelio Freitas Pereira ◽  
Almir Rogerio Evangelista de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Profit Margin ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
Sesame Genotypes ◽  
N Rates

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the agro-economic performance of sesame (Sesamum indicum) under nitrogen fertigation in the semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks with four replicates, and the treatments were arranged in a split-plot, where the plots were assigned five N rates (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg ha-1) and the sub-plots were represented by four sesame genotypes ('CNPA G2', 'CNPA G3', 'CNPA G4', and 'BRS Seda'). The following variables were evaluated in two agricultural harvests in 2016: gross and net incomes, rate of return, and profit margin. In both harvests, there was a variation in production costs between N rates. In the second harvest, the highest values of net income were achieved with 120 kg ha-1 N fertigation, being: R$7,428.36 ha-1 for 'CNPA G2', R$8,630.74 ha-1 for 'CNPA G3', R$9,828.64 ha-1 for 'CNPA G4', and R$8,354.06 ha-1 for 'BRS Seda'. Increasing N rates provide an increase in the gross income, net income, rate of return, and profit margin for sesame producers. Fertigation with 120 kg ha-1 N provides the maximum agro-economic performance for sesame, whereas the 'CNPA G4' genotype shows the greatest agro-economic efficiency.

scholarly journals Canine leishmaniasis in the semi-arid region of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil: epidemiology, factors associated with seropositivity and spatial analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Maria da Cruz Ferreira Evaristo ◽  
Anaiá da Paixão Sevá ◽  
Glauber Meneses Barboza de Oliveira ◽  
Ivo Wesley Gomes da Silva ◽  
Matheus Silva Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence, factors associated with seropositivity to Leishmania infection in dogs and spatial analysis in six municipalities in the semiarid region of Pernambuco, Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 462 dogs, 77 in each municipality, and used for serological analysis [dual path platform (DPP®) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)]. Clinical signs of dogs were evaluated and associated factors for Leishmania infection were analyzed using robust Poisson regression model. A seroprevalence of 42.8% (198/462, IC: 95% = 38.6%-47.6%) was detected in dogs that tested positive in both tests, ranging from 29.8% to 55.8%, with higher prevalence in the municipality of Cabrobó (55.8%; P = 0.006). About 67% (132/198) of the seropositive dogs showed one or more clinical signs suggestive of canine leishmaniasis (CanL), such as lymphadenomegaly, skin lesions and conjunctivitis, which were associated with seropositivity. High seroprevalence levels were identified in urban and rural areas in all the municipalities, and the buffer for sand flies around cases covered almost these entire areas. Spatial analysis revealed a significant cluster, showing a relative risk of 1.88 in the urban area of Cabrobó. The higher density of seropositive dogs in urban areas indicates the need effective control measures against CanL to prevent the emergence of canine and human diseases.

Alpha-mannosidosis in goats caused by the swainsonine-containing plant Ipomoea verbascoidea

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio S. Mendonça ◽  
Raquel F. Albuquerque ◽  
Joaquim Evêncio-Neto ◽  
Sílvio H. Freitas ◽  
Renata G. S. Dória ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Pancreatic Acinar Cells ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Histochemical Analysis ◽  
Lectin Staining ◽  
Cerebellar Cells

A disease of the nervous system is reported in goats in the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil. Histological examination showed diffuse vacuolation of neurons and epithelial cells of the pancreas, thyroid, renal tubules, and liver. The swainsonine-containing plant Ipomoea verbascoidea was found on both farms where the goats originated. This plant was experimentally administered to 3 goats, inducing clinical signs and histologic lesions similar to those observed in spontaneous cases. On the lectin histochemical analysis, cerebellar cells and pancreatic acinar cells gave positive reactions to Triticum vulgaris agglutinin (WGA), succinylated Triticum vulgaris agglutinin (sWGA), Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA), Canavalia ensiformis agglutinin (ConA), Pisum sativum agglutinin (PSA), Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA120), Arachis hypogaea agglutinin (PNA), and Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin (PHA-E) suggesting storage of α-fucose, α-D-mannose, α-D-glucose, β-D-N-acetyl-glucosamine, N-acetyl-galactosamine, and acetyl-neuraminic acid. This pattern of lectin staining partially agrees with results previously reported for poisoning by swainsonine-containing plants. The chemical analysis of dried leaves of I. verbascoidea detected swainsonine (0.017%), calystegine B1 (0.16%), calystegine B2 (0.05%), and calystegine C1 (0.34%). It is concluded that I. verbascoidea causes α-mannosidosis in goats.

scholarly journals Assessing the Influence of Water Management and Rainfall Seasonality on Water Quality and Intestinal Parasitism in Rural Northeastern Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Pessoa Dias ◽  
Deiviane Calegar ◽  
Filipe Anibal Carvalho-Costa ◽  
Maria de Fátima Leal Alencar ◽  
Caroline Ferraz Ignacio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid

Introduction. The drought in the Brazilian semiarid region has affected the quality of water. This study assessed the relationships between enteric parasitoses, water management, and water quality, correlating them with pluviometric seasonality.Methods. Cross-sectional surveys were carried out in four rural communities at the beginning of the dry season (n=151), at the end of the dry season (n=184), and in the rainy season (n=199), in order to collect sociodemographic data, human fecal samples, and samples of the water used for human consumption for physicochemical and microbiological analyses. In 2015, water filters were provided to 30 households under study.Results. There was an increasing trend in detection rates of commensal protozoa and theEntamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba disparcomplex at the beginning of the rainy season, with detection rates of 6% in 2014 and 21.6% in 2016.Giardia intestinalisandAscaris lumbricoidespresented distinct temporal distributions, which peaked in 2015: 20.1% and 30%, respectively. The proportion of inhabitants drinking inadequate water was 55% at the beginning of the dry season and 28.8% at the end of the dry season, reaching 70.9% at the beginning of the rainy season. The presence of filters reduced this proportion among those who received the hollow ceramic candle filter.Conclusions. Data suggest that the strategies to increase water supply in the Brazilian semiarid region can be ameliorated in order to improve the quality of drinking water.

scholarly journals Spontaneous poisoning by Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae) in cattle

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 827-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel S.C. Albuquerque ◽  
Brena P. Rocha ◽  
Raquel F. Albuquerque ◽  
Juceli S. Oliveira ◽  
Rosane M.T. Medeiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Cell Infiltration ◽  
Rumen Content ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Semiarid Region

The aim of this study is to report cases of spontaneous poisoning of cattle by Ricinus communis (castor beans) in Paraíba, a semiarid region of northeastern Brazil. The cases were observed in 2 herds on neighboring properties in 2013. Clinical signs developed within 6-24 h and consisted of weakness, tachycardia, dyspnea, profuse watery diarrhea, dehydration, depression, instability, cramps, permanent lateral recumbency and death within 48-72 h. Of the 60 cattle at risk, 19 were affected and 14 died. Five fully recovered after the course of 12 days. Three animals were necropsied. The main gross lesions were hemopericardium, hemothorax, pulmonary edema, petechial hemorrhages in the epicardium and endocardium, ecchymoses at the papillary muscles and suffusions on the intercostal muscles. Hemorrhages were also observed in the abdominal cavity, spleen and mucosa of the abomasum and small intestine. The rumen content was liquid with a large amount of castor bean seeds. There were circular, whitish and focally diffuse areas in the liver parenchyma. The main microscopic lesions consisted of multifocal coagulative myocardial necrosis with the presence of mononuclear cell infiltration and varying degrees of bleeding between cardiac muscle fibers. The abomasum and small intestine mucosae and submucosa had mild edema and mononuclear and polymorphonuclear inflammatory cell infiltration. The diagnosis of R. communis was based on the history of plant consumption, clinical signs, pathology of the disease and the presence of large amounts of castor bean seeds in the forestomachs.

scholarly journals Glässer’s disease in swine from Northeastern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 662-668
Author(s):  
Hisadora A.S.C. Bom ◽  
Givaldo B. Silva Filho ◽  
Elayne G. Silva ◽  
Mylena R. Pereira ◽  
Silvio M.C. Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Glässer’S Disease ◽  
Hind Limbs ◽  
The Face ◽  
Glasser's Disease

ABSTRACT: Glässer’s disease is an important infectious disorder of swine caused by Haemophilus parasuis. Although well recognized in most regions of Brazil, outbreaks of Glässer’s disease have not been described in Northeastern region. For this reason, three municipalities of the Pernambuco State were visited in order to identify histories of high mortality in growing and finishing pigs. The main clinical signs consisted of dry cough, apathy, fever, anorexia, paresis, muscle tremors, motor incoordination, seizures leading to high mortality rates. Nine pigs were necropsied, and fragments of the nervous system, organs of the abdominal and thoracic cavities were collected for histological analysis. In addition, lung and brain fragments were used for DNA extraction and molecular testing by real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Grossly, the main lesions consisted of petechial hemorrhages or ecchymosis on the skin of the face, abdomen, forelimbs, and hind limbs. The main severe lesions consisted of hydropericardium, hemopericardium, fibrinous pericarditis and pleuropneumonia. Microscopically, pericarditis, epicarditis and subepicardial myocarditis, followed by a moderate to severe multifocal pleuropneumonia, fibrinosuppurative and necrotizing were the most frequent lesions observed. Real-time PCR amplified H. parasuis infB gene in all samples analyzed, confirming the presence of this etiologic agent.

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