GENETIC SIMILARITY OF Macrophomina pseudophaseolina ISOLATES ASSOCIATED WITH WEEDS IN THE BRAZILIAN SEMIARID REGION

ABSTRACT Macrophomina pseudophaseolina has recently been reported in association with weeds in melon producing areas in Northeastern Brazil. Species from this genus are the causal agents of root rot and vine decline (RRVD) in melon, reducing its productivity. It is needed to know the genetic variability of the pathogen to develop effective control methods. Thus, this work aimed to assess the genetic diversity among M. pseudophaseolina isolates collected from the weeds Trianthema portulacastrum L. and Boerhavia diffusa L. using ISSR and RAPD markers. For this, 41 M. pseudophaseolina isolates were submitted to amplification with five ISSR and ten RAPD primers. Genetic similarity was analyzed using the Jaccard’s coefficient and cluster analysis was performed by the UPGMA method. Combining data from both markers, the 41 isolates were separated into eight groups. Most groups were not arranged according to geographical origin and host of the pathogen. The genetic similarity among isolates ranged from 0.15 to 0.87. On the other hand, the highest genetic dissimilarity (85%) was observed between the isolate MpBr11, collected from T. portulacastrum in Icapuí (CE), and MpBr65, collected from B. diffusa in Assú (RN). Results obtained herein can assist breeding programs for the selection of resistance sources and the development of effective control methods against RRVD in melon.

Download Full-text

A new species of Erythroxylum (Erythroxylaceae) from the Brazilian semiarid region

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.150.1.5 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 150 (1) ◽

pp. 61 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Maria Iracema Bezerra Loiola

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

The State ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Brazilian Semiarid ◽

A New Species

Erythroxylum angelicae, a new species of Erythroxylum sect. Archerythroxylum, is described and illustrated. This species occurs in “Carrasco” vegetation of the state of Ceará, northeastern Brazil. It is recognized by the persistent cataphylls, non-striated, long-triangular, and palleaceous; stipules non-striated, 3-setulose; flowers subsessile, calyx lobes triangular, and styles free. Affinity relationships with other species of Erythroxylum are also presented and discussed.

Download Full-text

Nitrogen fertilization on the agro-economic performance of sesame in the Brazilian semiarid

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s1678-3921.pab2021.v56.01928 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 56 ◽

Author(s):

Manoel Galdino dos Santos ◽

Ênio Gomes Flôr Souza ◽

Leonardo Vieira de Souza ◽

Luiz Aurelio Freitas Pereira ◽

Almir Rogerio Evangelista de Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Economic Performance ◽

Profit Margin ◽

Production Costs ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Rate Of Return ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Net Income ◽

Brazilian Semiarid ◽

Sesame Genotypes ◽

N Rates

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the agro-economic performance of sesame (Sesamum indicum) under nitrogen fertigation in the semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks with four replicates, and the treatments were arranged in a split-plot, where the plots were assigned five N rates (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg ha-1) and the sub-plots were represented by four sesame genotypes ('CNPA G2', 'CNPA G3', 'CNPA G4', and 'BRS Seda'). The following variables were evaluated in two agricultural harvests in 2016: gross and net incomes, rate of return, and profit margin. In both harvests, there was a variation in production costs between N rates. In the second harvest, the highest values of net income were achieved with 120 kg ha-1 N fertigation, being: R$7,428.36 ha-1 for 'CNPA G2', R$8,630.74 ha-1 for 'CNPA G3', R$9,828.64 ha-1 for 'CNPA G4', and R$8,354.06 ha-1 for 'BRS Seda'. Increasing N rates provide an increase in the gross income, net income, rate of return, and profit margin for sesame producers. Fertigation with 120 kg ha-1 N provides the maximum agro-economic performance for sesame, whereas the 'CNPA G4' genotype shows the greatest agro-economic efficiency.

Download Full-text

Canine leishmaniasis in the semi-arid region of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil: epidemiology, factors associated with seropositivity and spatial analysis

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612020027 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Anna Maria da Cruz Ferreira Evaristo ◽

Anaiá da Paixão Sevá ◽

Glauber Meneses Barboza de Oliveira ◽

Ivo Wesley Gomes da Silva ◽

Matheus Silva Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Analysis ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Control Measures ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Canine Leishmaniasis ◽

Effective Control ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Leishmania Infection ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Factors Associated

Abstract This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence, factors associated with seropositivity to Leishmania infection in dogs and spatial analysis in six municipalities in the semiarid region of Pernambuco, Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 462 dogs, 77 in each municipality, and used for serological analysis [dual path platform (DPP®) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)]. Clinical signs of dogs were evaluated and associated factors for Leishmania infection were analyzed using robust Poisson regression model. A seroprevalence of 42.8% (198/462, IC: 95% = 38.6%-47.6%) was detected in dogs that tested positive in both tests, ranging from 29.8% to 55.8%, with higher prevalence in the municipality of Cabrobó (55.8%; P = 0.006). About 67% (132/198) of the seropositive dogs showed one or more clinical signs suggestive of canine leishmaniasis (CanL), such as lymphadenomegaly, skin lesions and conjunctivitis, which were associated with seropositivity. High seroprevalence levels were identified in urban and rural areas in all the municipalities, and the buffer for sand flies around cases covered almost these entire areas. Spatial analysis revealed a significant cluster, showing a relative risk of 1.88 in the urban area of Cabrobó. The higher density of seropositive dogs in urban areas indicates the need effective control measures against CanL to prevent the emergence of canine and human diseases.

Download Full-text

Assessing the Influence of Water Management and Rainfall Seasonality on Water Quality and Intestinal Parasitism in Rural Northeastern Brazil

Journal of Tropical Medicine ◽

10.1155/2018/8159354 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alexandre Pessoa Dias ◽

Deiviane Calegar ◽

Filipe Anibal Carvalho-Costa ◽

Maria de Fátima Leal Alencar ◽

Caroline Ferraz Ignacio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Management ◽

Water Quality ◽

Rainy Season ◽

Dry Season ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Detection Rates ◽

Brazilian Semiarid

Introduction. The drought in the Brazilian semiarid region has affected the quality of water. This study assessed the relationships between enteric parasitoses, water management, and water quality, correlating them with pluviometric seasonality.Methods. Cross-sectional surveys were carried out in four rural communities at the beginning of the dry season (n=151), at the end of the dry season (n=184), and in the rainy season (n=199), in order to collect sociodemographic data, human fecal samples, and samples of the water used for human consumption for physicochemical and microbiological analyses. In 2015, water filters were provided to 30 households under study.Results. There was an increasing trend in detection rates of commensal protozoa and theEntamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba disparcomplex at the beginning of the rainy season, with detection rates of 6% in 2014 and 21.6% in 2016.Giardia intestinalisandAscaris lumbricoidespresented distinct temporal distributions, which peaked in 2015: 20.1% and 30%, respectively. The proportion of inhabitants drinking inadequate water was 55% at the beginning of the dry season and 28.8% at the end of the dry season, reaching 70.9% at the beginning of the rainy season. The presence of filters reduced this proportion among those who received the hollow ceramic candle filter.Conclusions. Data suggest that the strategies to increase water supply in the Brazilian semiarid region can be ameliorated in order to improve the quality of drinking water.

Download Full-text

Sheep poisoning by Panicum dichotomiflorum in northeastern Brazil

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-736x2009000100015 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 94-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Franklin Riet-Correa ◽

Mitsue Haraguchi ◽

Antônio F. M. Dantas ◽

Rodrigo G. Burakovas ◽

Akihito Yokosuka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Signs ◽

13C Nmr Spectroscopy ◽

Corneal Opacity ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Furostanol Saponins ◽

Brazilian Semiarid ◽

The Face ◽

One Year ◽

Panicum Dichotomiflorum

Different species of Panicum, including P. dichotomiflorum,have been reported as a cause of photosensitization in sheep, horses, cattle and goats. An outbreak of hepatogenous photosensitization occurred in 3 flocks of hair sheep in the Brazilian semiarid region. Eighty one out of 365 sheep were affected and 39 died. The main affected animals were nursing lambs and sheep younger than one year old. Donkeys, goats and cattle grazing in the same pasture were not affected. Clinical signs were edema of the head, followed by dermatitis, mainly in the face, ears, and croup, ocular discharge, corneal opacity with blindness, and redness of the coronary band and hoof. At necropsy of one affected lamb the liver was yellowish. Upon histologic examination scattered necrotic hepatocytes were observed in the liver and focal areas of necrosis of myocytes appeared in the heart. Samples of P. dicotomiflorum were analyzed by TLC and those containing saponins were isolated by HPLC using RP-C18 column and eluted with a mixture of MeOH and H2O. The isolated compounds were submitted to ¹H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Reactions were positive to furostanol saponins with the same Rf of the standard protodioscin (0.21) and methylprotodioscin (0.32). The spectroscopic results indicated a mixture of (25R)- and (25S)-protodioscin isomers in a proportion of 3:1, and methylprotodioscin.

Download Full-text

Distribuição local e regional de Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão (Anacardiaceae) no semiárido do nordeste do Brasil (Local and regional distribution of Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão (Anacardiaceae) in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil)

Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física ◽

10.26848/rbgf.v12.3.p944-960 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 944

Author(s):

Carlos Antônio Belarmino Alves ◽

João Everthon Da Silva Ribeiro ◽

Natan Medeiros Guerra ◽

Ramon Santos Souza ◽

Mariana Muniz Nunes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Photosynthetically Active Radiation ◽

Regional Distribution ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Radiation Balance ◽

Net Radiation ◽

Active Radiation ◽

Brazilian Semiarid ◽

Semi Arid Region ◽

Semi Arid

Uma das vegetações que tem sido utilizada pelas populações tradicionais ao longo do tempo, e investigada por especialistas é a do semiárido. Muitos estudos realizados nessa região são direcionados para espécies de usos madeireiro e medicinal. Nesta pesquisa, realizou-se uma análise pontual da distribuição local de Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão, com base em informações coletadas em comunidades rurais de seis municípios do estado da Paraíba. Foram registrados 1.559 indivíduos de M. urundeuva em 144 horas de turnê guiada. Percebeu-se que que as populações desta espécie tendem a formar aglomerados, estando alguns localizados próximos as residências, o que pode ser explicado pela utilização medicinal das cascas para diversas enfermidades. Os dados abordados neste estudo refletem as características ambientais de cada área estudada, indicando para cada região a melhor forma de manejo para as populações locais desta espécie. A B S T R A C TThe objective of this study was to analyze the daily and seasonal variations of the components of the radiation balance -and photosynthetically active radiation for the Caatinga during a dry year in Pernambuco Semi-Arid. The experiment was conducted during the year 2012 in Petrolina, PE, located in the Brazilian semiarid region. To determine the components of the radiation balance we used a balance radiometer CNR1 model installed the 13.3 meters of surface. Additionally, we analyzed the interaction between vegetation and radiation using sensors to monitor the photosynthetically active radiation above and in different positions under the canopy of scrub. These data were used to calculate the fraction of intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (fRFAi) and absorbed (fRFAa). A wide seasonal variation of solar radiation and net radiation was observed that reached daily averages around 23 MJ m-2 d-1 and 15 MJ m-2 d-1, respectively. In this case, it was observed that the magnitude of the component values of the radiation balance was mainly affected due to the cloudiness and changes in vegetation which mainly affected the levels of emittance and reflection surface. With regard to fractions of intercepted and absorbed photosynthetic active radiation, it was observed that they had daily average values over the next years, which were equal to 0.69 and 0.64 in order. This data can be extremely useful for a better understanding of the interaction between the savanna and the atmosphere under natural climatic conditions.Keywords: radiation, net radiation, photosynthetically active radiation, Caatinga, dry.

Download Full-text

Simplified Method for the Assessment of Siltation in Semiarid Reservoirs Using Satellite Imagery

Water ◽

10.3390/w11050998 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 998

Author(s):

José Wellington Batista Lopes ◽

José Carlos de Araújo

Keyword(s):

Water Availability ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Survey Method ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Morphological Parameters ◽

Bathymetric Survey ◽

Brazilian Semiarid ◽

Simplified Method ◽

Sampling Points

The Brazilian semiarid region strongly depends on superficial reservoirs (one every 5 km 2 ) and hence is subject to the deleterious effects of siltation, which reduces water availability. This research proposed a method, simplified bathymetric surveying using remote sensing, for updating the morphological parameters of reservoirs. The study area was the Pentecoste reservoir (360 hm 3 ) in northeastern Brazil. The results were compared to the conventional bathymetric survey method, which demands more sampling points (235 compared to 1) and was assumed as reference. Siltation assessed through the proposed method was nearly twice as high as that observed through conventional surveys. The morphological parameters derived by both methods were used to assess the long-term water balance of the reservoir. The results show that the outflow diverged 30%, while the evaporated discharge and water availability diverged 10% between the methods. Therefore, in the conditions of the Brazilian semiarid region, the simplified method suffices to assess the water availability of reservoirs affected by silting.

Download Full-text

Seroprevalence and risk factors for cattle anaplasmosis, babesiosis, and trypanosomiasis in a Brazilian semiarid region

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612013005000022 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 207-213 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Valéria Medeiros de Mendonça Costa ◽

Múcio Flávio Barbosa Ribeiro ◽

Amélia Lizziane Leite Duarte ◽

Julia Marry Mangueira ◽

André Flávio Almeida Pessoa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Specific Antigen ◽

Immunofluorescence Assay ◽

Babesia Bovis ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Babesia Bigemina ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Brazilian Semiarid ◽

The Mean

The seroprevalence of Anaplasma marginale, Babesia bigemina, Babesia bovis and Trypanosoma vivax and the risk factors for these infections were investigated in 509 cows on 37 farms in the semiarid region of Paraíba, northeastern Brazil. Cow serum samples were tested by means of immunofluorescence assay (IFA) against each specific antigen. The mean seroprevalence values per farm were 15.0% (range: 0-75%) for A. marginale, 9.5% (range: 0-40%) for B. bigemina and 26.9% (range: 0-73.7%) for B. bovis. All cows tested negative for T. vivax. Higher prevalence for A. marginale was significantly associated with less frequent acaricide spraying per year and with higher use of injectable antihelminthics. Presence of cows positive for B. bigemina was significantly associated with acaricide use and with presence of horse flies on the farm. Both occurrence and higher prevalence of B. bovis were significantly associated with recent observations of ticks on cattle. Overall, the present results indicate that the region investigated is an enzootically unstable area forA. marginale, B. bigemina and B. bovis, since most animals were seronegative to at least one agent.

Download Full-text

A revision of Harpochilus sheds light on new combinations under Justicia (Acanthaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.393.2.3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 393 (2) ◽

pp. 119

Author(s):

JAMES LUCAS DA COSTA-LIMA ◽

EARL CELESTINO DE OLIVEIRA CHAGAS

Keyword(s):

Floral Morphology ◽

Conservation Status ◽

Distinct Species ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Undescribed Species ◽

Additional Information ◽

Bat Pollination ◽

Brazilian Semiarid ◽

Herbarium Collections

Until recently, Harpochilus (Acanthaceae) contained two morphologically distinct species, Harpochilus neesianus and H. phaeocarpus, from northeastern Brazil. During an analysis of herbarium collections, we found an undescribed species of Harpochilus from the Brazilian semiarid region. However, another group of botanists simultaneously discovered the species and described it as H. paraibanus. Harpochilus neesianus and H. paraibanus are similar due to their morphologically complex flowers specialized for bat pollination, nocturnal anthesis, and anthers with non-appendiculate thecae. Unlike H. neesianus and H. paraibanus, the floral morphology of H. phaeocarpus and Cyrtanthera citrina, a name used for several misidentified collections of H. paraibanus, is more similar to that of Justicia. Thus, these species are here combined under Justicia. We also provide additional information on the morphology, geographic distribution and conservation status of H. paraibanus, and propose lectotypes for Harpochilus, H. neesianus, and C. citrina.

Download Full-text

Mutinus albotruncatus (Phallales, Agaricomycetes), a new phalloid from the Brazilian semiarid, and a key to the world species

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.236.3.4 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 236 (3) ◽

pp. 237 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Bianca Denise Barbosa da Silva ◽

Tiara Sousa Cabral ◽

María Paz Martín ◽

Paulo Marinho ◽

Francisco Diego Calonge ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽

Semiarid Region ◽

Ecological Data ◽

Brazilian Semiarid ◽

The World ◽

A New Species

A new species of the genus Mutinus has been found in the semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil. Mutinus albotruncatus is described macro- and microscopically, and is characterized by the white pseudostipe and truncated apex. Molecular and ecological data are also provided. Phylogenetic analyses, based on LSU (large subunit of nuclear ribosomal DNA) and atp6 (subunit 6 of ATP synthase) sequences, support the inclusion of this new species in the genus Mutinus. A provisional key to the species of Mutinus known in the world is proposed.

Download Full-text