scholarly journals Interference of Noxious Shrubs on Grazing Behavior by Bovines

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.R. MARCHI ◽  
H.M. SILVA ◽  
C.F. FERREIRA ◽  
R.F. MARQUES ◽  
J.B. MORAES
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Grazing Behavior ◽  
The Real ◽  
Forage Intake ◽  
Animal Grazing

ABSTRACT: The grazing behavior practice by bovines can be positive or negatively influenced by the pasture structure where the animal is inserted. Several factors determine the pasture structure and the presence of weeds is considered one of the most important. This study aimed to assess the effect of species with and without stiff structures over the grazing behavior of bovines in pasture areas. The experimental design was a split block design with four replications, in which treatments were arranged in a 4 x 3 factorial design: four weed species (Zanthoxylum rhoifolium, Cnidoscolus urens, Dasyphyllum brasiliensis, and Luehea divaricata) associated with three proximity strips of weeds: 0-50, 50-100, and 100-150 cm in relation to the main stem of the studied weed. Forage intake by animals was measured by determining the real forage offers at 0, 3, 6, 9, and 15 days after the beginning of animal grazing (DAP). The presence of noxious shrubs influenced bovine grazing behavior. The influence on the intake is most evident in the presence of plants that promote animal discomfort. The species Z. rhoifolium, C. urens, and D. brasiliensis were the weeds with the greatest influence on feed access among the species that have stiff structures. The negative influence on grazing behavior is higher in the proximity strip closest to the plant, i.e. 0-50 cm from the main stem of the weed.

scholarly journals Designing Valid and Reliable Vignette Experiments for Survey Research: A Case Study on the Fair Gender Income Gap

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Steiner ◽  
Christiane Atzmüller ◽  
Dan Su
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Survey Research ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
The Real ◽  
Income Gap

In survey research, vignette experiments typically employ short, systematically varied descriptions of situations or persons (called vignettes) to elicit the beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors of respondents with respect to the presented scenarios. Using a case study on the fair gender income gap in Austria, we discuss how different design elements can be used to increase a vignette experiment’s validity and reliability. With respect to the experimental design, the design elements considered include a confounded factorial design, a between-subjects factor, anchoring vignettes, and blocking by respondent strata and interviewers. The design elements for the sampling and survey design consist of stratification, covariate measurements, and the systematic assignment of vignette sets to respondents and interviewers. Moreover, the vignettes’ construct validity is empirically validated with respect to the real gender income gap in Austria. We demonstrate how a broad range of design elements can successfully increase a vignette study’s validity and reliability.

scholarly journals Floristic composition and growth of weeds under custard apple (Annona squamosa) progenies

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.S.L. Silva ◽  
Z. Barbosa ◽  
O.F. Oliveira ◽  
R.P. Antonio ◽  
P.I.B. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Custard Apple ◽  
Root Collar

Weeds have a negative influence on several fruit tree characteristics, such as yield, making it difficult to management practices in orchards. Alternative weed management methods, aiming to reduce the use of herbicides, have become attractive since herbicides are costly and cause environmental degradation. The use of cultivars with greater competitive ability against weeds has attracted international attention. The objective of this work was to evaluate the floristic composition and growth of weeds under the canopies of irrigated custard apple tree progenies. Twenty halfsibling progenies around three years of age were evaluated in a random block design with five replicates and four plants per plot. A circle with a 0.5 m² area was established around the trunk of each plant. Floristic composition, fresh matter, and dry matter mass of the above-ground part of the weeds, were evaluated in this area. Root collar and canopy diameters, as well as leaf area of the progenies were also evaluated. Fifty-eight weed species were recorded. The five weed families with the most species were Leguminosae, Convolvulaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Malvaceae and Sterculiaceae, in decreasing order. The number of weed species per plot ranged from 6 to 18, but there was no difference between the mean percentages of different weeds under the canopies of the progenies. The lowest weed fresh and dry matter masses occurred in progenies JG1 and SM8, respectively. There were no differences between progenies with regard to root collar diameter and leaf area; however, one of the lowest weed dry matter yields was observed under the canopy of progeny FE4, which showed the largest canopy diameter.

scholarly journals Defoliation at different vegetative stages and assessment of morphological and yield components

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maicon Nardino ◽  
Velci Queiróz de Souza ◽  
Carlos André Bahry ◽  
Ivan Ricardo Carvalho ◽  
Braulio Otomar Caron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Pod Number

Objective was to evaluate the influence of defoliation of a soybean cultivar indeterminate growth in different vegetative stages on morphological characters and yield components. The study was conducted in the years 2010/11 and 2011/12. The experimental design was a randomized block design with seven treatments and four replications for each year. The treatments were: T1: No defoliation; T2: Defoliation in V4, T3: Defoliation in V4 and V5, T4: Defoliation in V4, V5 and V6, T5: Defoliation in V4, V5, V6 and V7, T6: Defoliation in V4, V5, V6, V7 and V8 and T7: Defoliation in V4, V5, V6, V7, V8 and V9. The variables analyzed were: main stem height, number and length of branches, first pod, number of pods per node on the main stem, and the branches per plant, number of reproductive nodes on the main stem, the branches, number of us total on the main stem, the branches, distance between us and grain yield. Grazing did not influence most of the morphological characters and increments the number of pods on the stem in years with good water availability and high levels of defoliation, and yield of soybean.

scholarly journals Designing Valid and Reliable Vignette Experiments for Survey Research: A Case Study on the Fair Gender Income Gap

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Steiner ◽  
Christiane Atzmüller ◽  
Dan Su
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Survey Research ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
The Real ◽  
Income Gap

In survey research, vignette experiments typically employ short, systematically varied descriptions of situations or persons (called vignettes) to elicit the beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors of respondents with respect to the presented scenarios. Using a case study on the fair gender income gap in Austria, we discuss how different design elements can be used to increase a vignette experiment’s validity and reliability. With respect to the experimental design, the design elements considered include a confounded factorial design, a between-subjects factor, anchoring vignettes, and blocking by respondent strata and interviewers. The design elements for the sampling and survey design consist of stratification, covariate measurements, and the systematic assignment of vignette sets to respondents and interviewers. Moreover, the vignettes’ construct validity is empirically validated with respect to the real gender income gap in Austria. We demonstrate how a broad range of design elements can successfully increase a vignette study’s validity and reliability.

Optimization of PES Nanocomposite Membrane Preparation Using Statistical Analysis and Experimental Design

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasin Orooji ◽  
Fatemeh Noorisafa ◽  
Nahid Imami ◽  
Amir R. Chaharmahali
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Fractional Factorial Design ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Nanocomposite Membrane ◽  
Membrane Preparation ◽  
Membrane Fabrication

<p>Using experimental design and statistical analysis (½ Fractional Factorial Design), this study investigates the effect of different parameters in the membrane fabrication on the performance of nanocomposite PES/TiO<sub>2</sub> membrane. </p>

Bio-efficacy of post emergence herbicides in boro rice nursery as well as main field and their residual effects on non-target microorganisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-210
Author(s):  
Rajib Kundu ◽  
Mousumi Mondal ◽  
Sourav Garai ◽  
Ramyajit Mondal ◽  
Ratneswar Poddar
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Main Field ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Similar Treatment

Field experiments were conducted at research farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, West Bengal, India (22°97' N latitude and 88°44' E longitude, 9.75 m above mean sea level) under natural weed infestations in boro season rice (nursery bed as well as main field) during 2017-18 and 2018-19 to evaluate the herbicidal effects on weed floras, yield, non-target soil organisms to optimize the herbicide use for sustainable rice-production. Seven weed control treatments including three doses of bispyribac-sodium 10% SC (150,200, and 250 ml ha-1), two doses of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 9.3% EC (500 and 625 ml ha-1), one weed free and weedy check were laid out in a randomized complete block design, replicated thrice. Among the tested herbicides, bispyribac-sodium with its highest dose (250 ml ha-1) resulted in maximum weed control efficiency, treatment efficiency index and crop resistance index irrespective of weed species and dates of observation in both nursery as well as main field. Similar treatment also revealed maximum grain yield (5.20 t ha-1), which was 38.38% higher than control, closely followed by Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (625 ml ha-1) had high efficacy against grasses, sedge and broadleaf weed flora. Maximum net return (Rs. 48765 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (1.72) were obtained from the treatment which received bispyribac-sodium @ 250 ml ha-1. Based on overall performance, the bispyribac-sodium (250 ml ha-1) may be considered as the best herbicide treatment for weed management in transplanted rice as well as nursery bed.

scholarly journals Technical and Economic Viability of Wheat with Forms of Application and Doses of Boron

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando S. Galindo ◽  
Marcelo C. M. Teixeira Filho ◽  
Salatiér Buzetti ◽  
Eduardo H. M. Boleta ◽  
Willian L. Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Economic Return ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Irrigated Wheat

Boron is one of the most limiting micronutrients in grains production system in Brazil. In this way, the objective was to evaluate the effect of forms of application and doses of boron in irrigated wheat grain yield evaluating the economic terms in Cerrado region. The experiment was conducted in no-tillage system in an Oxisol with clay texture in Selvíria, MS, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four replicates, arranged in a 4 × 3 factorial scheme: four doses of boron (0, 1, 2 and 4 kg ha-1) with boric acid source (B = 17%); and three apllication forms: a) in desiccation of the predecessor straw, together with herbicide; b) at the time of sowing, in soil along with the formulated fertilization seeding and c) via leaf tissue with the application of post emergent herbicide. The application of 2 kg ha-1 provides greater grain yields, but the highest economic return was obtained at the dose of 1 kg ha-1, with application in soil, ensuring profitability from production of irrigated wheat in the Cerrado.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Adverse Selection dan Negative Framing pada Kecenderungan Eskalasi Komitmen

2017 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ari Puspa Sari ◽  
Gede Wira Kusuma
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Adverse Selection ◽  
Investment Project ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Framing Effect ◽  
Escalation Of Commitment ◽  
Anova Analysis ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Management Students

Escalation of commitment is a decision to increase or expand the commitment to a project or a particular investment even though the investment project or indicate failure. This research has the objective to obtain empirical evidence of the effect of adverse selection and negative framing effect on the escalation of commitment tendency. Experimental design used of this research is 2 x 2 factorial design with the instrument in the form of cases. Participants in this research were Magister ofAccounting and Magister of Management students, as a proxy manager chosen by purposive sampling technique as much as 196 participants. This research uses of two ways ANOVA analysis techniques. This research proves that adverse selection and negative framing have an influence on the propensity of escalation of commitment.

scholarly journals Nutritional Requirement of Sugarcane Cultivars

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinicius S. G. da Silva ◽  
Mauro W. de Oliveira ◽  
Vilma M. Ferreira ◽  
Terezinha B. A. Oliveira ◽  
Elaine R. Galvão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Nutritional Requirement ◽  
Sugarcane Varieties ◽  
The Past ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
New Varieties

Sugarcane produces a large amount of biomass, extracts and accumulates high amounts of nutrients. In the literature the nutritional requirements for most cultivated varieties in the past are found, however there is little information on the new varieties currently planted. The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional requirement of four sugarcane varieties, currently very planted, in the cycles of plant-cane, first and second ratoon. The study was installed in a Yellow Oxisol. The experimental design was a randomized block design, with five replications, and four treatments: RB867515, RB92579, SP813250 and VAT90212. During maturation of the cane, in the three evaluation cycles, the productivity of natural biomass and the nutritional requirement of macronutrients of the varieties were determined. It was evidenced that the cultivars of sugarcane are of high productive potential and resemble the accumulation of biomass, observing a yield of 158, 128 and 107 t ha-1 in the cycles of plant-cane, first and second ratoon. Regarding the nutritional requirement, the varieties did not differ among them and expressed the following order of need in the plant-cane K > N > Ca > Mg > S > P, in the first and second ratoon, the sequence observed was K > N > Ca > S > Mg > P.

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