scholarly journals Contribuição das folhas cotiledonares para o crescimento e estabelecimento de plântulas de cucurbitáceas

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilson Antônio Bisognin ◽  
Cassandro V.T. do Amarante ◽  
Jacso Dellai
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Lagenaria Siceraria ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima

As cucurbitáceas apresentam germinação epigeal, cujos cotilédones têm a dupla função de fornecer substâncias de reserva e fotoassimilados para o crescimento e o estabelecimento da plântula. O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar o nível de dependência de plântulas de abóbora híbrida (Cucurbita maxima x C. moschata), melancia (Citrullus lanatus), pepino (Cucumis sativus) e porongo (Lagenaria siceraria) em relação às folhas cotiledonares para o crescimento e estabelecimento inicial. Foi efetuada a remoção de um ou dois cotilédones aos 3; 6; 9 e 12 dias após a emergência (DAE), comparando-se o crescimento das plântulas com o de plântulas controle (sem remoção). O crescimento inicial foi avaliado a cada três dias, da emergência até 21 DAE, determinando-se a taxa de expansão das folhas cotiledonares, o período de tempo até a equivalência entre área foliar e cotiledonar e a produção de matéria seca. A abóbora apresentou a maior taxa de expansão das folhas cotiledonares, o menor período até a emissão e expansão das folhas verdadeiras e a maior produção de matéria seca. As plântulas de abóbora e pepino apresentaram a maior dependência em relação às folhas cotiledonares. Os resultados obtidos mostram que danos às folhas cotiledonares, dependendo da espécie, da intensidade e da idade da plântula, podem afetar drasticamente o crescimento inicial e o estabelecimento das plântulas, com reflexos evidentes no rendimento de frutos em cucurbitáceas.

scholarly journals Resistência de porta-enxertos de cucurbitáceas a nematóides e compatibilidade da enxertia em melão

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letícia A Ito ◽  
Lucas A Gaion ◽  
Francine S Galatti ◽  
Leila T Braz ◽  
Jaime M Santos
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Lagenaria Siceraria ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima ◽  
Luffa Cylindrica ◽  
Benincasa Hispida

Devido ao severo ataque de nematoides na cultura do meloeiro rendilhado sob ambiente protegido, este trabalho teve por objetivo selecionar porta-enxertos resistentes a Meloidogyne incognitae M. javanica. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, de outubro de 2010 a abril de 2011, em Jaboticabal-SP. Foram avaliados 33 porta-enxertos; melões: CNPH 01-930 (Cucumis melo var. flexuosus), CNPH 01-962, CNPH 01-963 (Cucumis melo var. conomon), cvs. Gaúcho Redondo, Gaúcho Comprido, Redondo Amarelo, Gulfcoast, Chilton, Bônus n° 2, Fantasy; melancias: cv. Charleston Gray, Progênie da Coréia (Citrullus lanatus); abóboras: cvs. Mra. Ma, Ornamental, Howden, Mammoth, Kururu, Goianinha (Cucurbita moschata); cabaça: Abóbora de Porco, cvs. Maranhão, Brasileirinha (Lagenaria siceraria); moranga: cv. Pataca Gigante (Cucurbita maxima); pepinos: cvs. Caipira, Branco Meio-Comprido, Curumim (Cucumis sativus); buchas: Metro, Semente Branca, Semente Preta (Luffa cylindrica); abóbora d'água (Benincasa hispida); abóbora porta-enxerto: Híbrido cv. Keij; quiabo de Metro (Trichosanthes cucumerins) e Cruá (Sicana odorifera). Para avaliar a resistência de plantas, as mudas foram transplantadas para vasos e inoculados com 3.000 ovos e juvenis de M. incognita via sistema radicular. Aos 50 dias após a inoculação, foi realizada avaliação da resistência das plantas, com base no fator de reprodução do nematoide. Foram realizados os mesmos procedimentos para as duas espécies de nematoides. Nos porta-enxertos resistentes aos nematoides foram realizadas enxertias, com os melões rendilhados 'Bônus n° 2' e 'Fantasy'. CNPH 01-962, CNPH 01-963 e melão 'Gaúcho Redondo' foram resistentes a M. incognita. Melão 'Redondo Amarelo', melancia 'Charleston Gray', Progênie da Coréia, e Trichosanthes cucumerins, foram resistentes a M. javanica. Benincasa hispida foi resistente a ambas as espécies. As compatibilidades de enxertia entre os porta-enxertos resistentes e os melões rendilhados 'Bônus no 2' e 'Fantasy' foram superiores a 98%.

scholarly journals Improvement of Grafted Watermelon Transplant Survival as a Result of Size and Starch Increases Over Time Caused by Rootstock Fatty Alcohol Treatment: Part II

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-354
Author(s):  
Shawna L. Daley ◽  
William Patrick Wechter ◽  
Richard L. Hassell
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Alcohol ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Lagenaria Siceraria ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima ◽  
Stored Energy ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Alcohol Treatments ◽  
Over Time

Fatty alcohol treatments can be used to eliminate the meristem of cucurbit (Cucurbitaceae) rootstocks, which prevents regrowth when grafting, but the effects of the treatment on the rootstock have not been documented. Two rootstock types, ‘Emphasis’ bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) and ‘Carnivor’ interspecific hybrid squash (Cucurbita maxima × C. moschata) commonly used in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) grafting significantly increased in cotyledon and hypocotyl size over 21 days after treatment (DAT) with a 6.25% fatty alcohol emulsion. There was a significant increase in total soluble sugar (glucose, sucrose, and fructose) content for each rootstock hypocotyl and cotyledon. Starch concentrations of hypocotyls and cotyledons also increased significantly in both rootstocks. This increase in stored energy could greatly increase the success rate of the grafting process. Increased rootstock energy reserves could overcome the need for keeping the rootstock cotyledon intact when grafting.

scholarly journals Antitranspirant Application Increases Grafting Success of Watermelon

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 494-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Dabirian ◽  
Carol A. Miles
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Lagenaria Siceraria ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
The One ◽  
Treatment Application ◽  
Grafting Methods

The one-cotyledon splice grafting method is commonly used for watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) because it is relatively rapid and there is less rootstock regrowth than with other grafting methods. However, plants must rely on moisture in the air for survival during at least the first 4 days after grafting. In 2015 and 2016, greenhouse experiments were conducted to investigate if application of commercial stomata-coating and stomata-closing antitranspirant products, applied 1 day before grafting to both scion and rootstock seedlings, could increase the survival of watermelon transplants grafted using the one-cotyledon method. ‘TriX Palomar’ watermelon was grafted onto rootstock ‘Tetsukabuto’ (Cucurbita maxima × C. moschata) in Expt. 1, and onto rootstock ‘Emphasis’ (Lagenaria siceraria) in Expt. 2. The survival of grafted watermelon differed because of experiment (P = 0.0003), antitranspirant treatment (P < 0.0001), and experimental repeat (P < 0.0001). The survival of ‘TriX Palomar’ grafted onto ‘Tetsukabuto’ was greatest for plants treated with the stomata-coating + stomata-closing antitranspirants (92% to 100%), followed by the stomata-closing antitranspirant (79% to 97%), water (72%), and the stomata-coating antitranspirant (50% to 60%). For ‘TriX Palomar’ grafted onto ‘Emphasis’, plants treated with the stomata-closing antitranspirant had the greatest survival (87% to 97%), followed by stomata-coating + stomata-closing antitranspirants (84% to 94%), the stomata-coating antitranspirant (50% to 67%), and water (53% to 68%). In Expt. 3, stomatal conductance (gS) was similar for both ‘TriX Palomar’ and ‘Emphasis’ seedlings before treatment application, but differed because of the treatments 1 and 2 days after application. Stomatal conductance did not change for ‘TriX Palomar’ seedlings after application of the stomata-coating antitranspirant or water, or for ‘Emphasis’ seedlings after application of the stomata-coating antitranspirant. Stomatal conductance of ‘TriX Palomar’ seedlings decreased 57% to 62% after application of the stomata-closing antitranspirant and decreased 48% to 60% after application of the stomata-coating + stomata-closing antitranspirants. Stomatal conductance for ‘Emphasis’ seedlings increased 37% after water application, and decreased 58% to 68% after application of the stomata-closing antitranspirant, and decreased 42% to 45% after application of the stomata-coating + stomata-closing antitranspirants. The survival rate of grafted ‘TriX Palomar’ transplants was increased nearly 30% by application 1 day before grafting of the commercial stomata-closing antitranspirant or stomata-coating + stomata-closing antitranspirants in this study. Increase in grafting success is likely due to a reduction in transpiration that occurs when the stomata-closing antitranspirant is applied to the seedlings before grafting.

scholarly journals Evaluating Cucurbit Rootstocks to Prevent Disease Caused by Pythium aphanidermatum and P. myriotylum on Watermelon

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 3019-3025
Author(s):  
Sean M. Toporek ◽  
Anthony P. Keinath
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Bottle Gourd ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Lagenaria Siceraria ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima ◽  
Pythium Species ◽  
Seedless Watermelon ◽  
Marketable Fruit

Pythium species cause root and stem rot in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), but cucurbit rootstocks used to graft watermelon have not been evaluated for resistance. P. aphanidermatum and P. myriotylum were inoculated onto 15 nongrafted watermelon, citron (Citrullus amarus), bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria), and interspecific hybrid squash (Cucurbita maxima × C. moschata) cultivars in a growth chamber. Watermelon was more susceptible than bottle gourd and interspecific hybrid squash at 20 and 30°C. Twenty-one cultivars were inoculated in a field with an equal blend of both Pythium species. Interspecific hybrid squash was less susceptible than bottle gourd and watermelon in 2018 and 2019. Seedless watermelon cultivar Tri-X 313 was grafted to one citron, one bottle gourd, and three interspecific hybrid squash rootstocks. Plants were inoculated in the field as described. Grafting to interspecific hybrid squash rootstocks reduced disease incidence compared with nongrafted controls in 2018 and 2019. Mefenoxam and propamocarb applied at transplanting did not affect disease compared with non-fungicide-treated plots. Grafting to interspecific hybrid squash Camelforce significantly increased total and marketable fruit numbers and total weight in 2019 compared with the nongrafted control. In summary, interspecific hybrid squash was consistently resistant to Pythium, demonstrating resistance and utility in watermelon grafting.

scholarly journals Reproduction of Didymella bryoniae on Nine Species of Cucurbits Under Field Conditions

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (10) ◽  
pp. 1379-1386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony P. Keinath
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Lagenaria Siceraria ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Didymella Bryoniae ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Gummy Stem Blight ◽  
Field Plots

Eighteen cucurbit cultivars representing 5 genera, 9 species, and 11 taxa susceptible to gummy stem blight were inoculated with Didymella bryoniae in field plots in Charleston, SC, in autumn 2008, autumn 2009, and spring 2011 to determine the suitability of the hosts and various plant parts for formation of sexual and asexual fruiting bodies of the pathogen. In 1, 2, or 3 years, D. bryoniae reproduced on all 18 cultivars, on leaves, and on all plant parts examined—pedicles, peduncles, petioles, tendrils, and vines. Watermelon and citron (both Citrullus lanatus) and melon (Cucumis melo) had significantly more leaves with fruiting bodies than cucumber (Cucumis sativus), bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria), and eight cultivars of squash and pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima, C. moschata, and C. pepo). On plant parts other than leaves, melon had the greatest proportions of tissue pieces with fruiting bodies, and citron had the least. Fruiting bodies were observed on 86% of plant parts examined in autumn 2009 but on only 28% in spring 2011, when environmental conditions were hot and dry. In 2009, pseudothecia and pycnidia were found in equal proportions on leaves, but pseudothecia were found more frequently than pycnidia on leaves in 2011 and on other plant parts in 2009 and 2011.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF ROOTSTOCKS ON Fusarium WILT, NEMATODE INFESTATION, YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY IN WATERMELON PRODUCTION

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Álvarez-Hernández ◽  
Javier Zaragoza Castellanos-Ramos ◽  
César Leobardo Aguirre-Mancilla ◽  
María Victoria Huitrón-Ramírez ◽  
Francisco Camacho-Ferre
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Production Cycles ◽  
Lower Plant

Cucurbita maxima x Cucurbita moschata rootstock are used to prevent infection with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum in watermelon production; however, this rootstock is not effective against nematode attack. Because of their vigor, the grafted plants can be planted at lower plant densities than the non-grafted plants. The tolerance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum and Meloidogyne incognita was assessed in watermelon plants grafted onto a hybrid of Citrullus lanatus cv Robusta or the Cucurbita maxima x Cucurbita moschata cv Super Shintoza rootstocks. The densities of plants were 2083 and 4166 plants ha-1. Non-grafted watermelons were the controls. The Crunchy Red and Sangría watermelon cultivars were used as the scions, it the latter as a pollinator. The experiments were performed for two production cycles in soils infested with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum and Meloidogyne incognita. The incidence of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum was significantly greater in the non-grafted than in the grafted plants. The grafted plants presented similar resistance to Fusarium regardless of the rootstock. The root-knot galling index for Meloidogyne incognita was significantly lower in plants grafted onto Citrullus lanatus cv Robusta than onto the other rootstock. The yields of plants grafted onto Citrullus lanatus cv Robusta grown at both plant densities were significantly higher than in the other treatments.

Purification and characterization of aspartic proteinases from Cucumis sativus and Cucurbita maxima seeds

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoni Polanowski ◽  
Tadeusz Wilusz ◽  
Maria K. Kołaczkowska ◽  
Maciej Wieczorek ◽  
Anna Wilimowska-Pelc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima ◽  
Purification And Characterization ◽  
Aspartic Proteinases

scholarly journals Interactive Effects of Grafting Techniques and Scion-Rootstocks Combinations on Vegetative Growth, Yield and Quality of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana Shahzad Noor ◽  
Zhi Wang ◽  
Muhammad Umair ◽  
Muhammad Yaseen ◽  
Muhammad Ameen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Lagenaria Siceraria ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Cucumber Fruit

The density of herbaceous crops creates a suitable environment to produce pathogens in the soil that intensify the attack of pathogens traditionally controlled by disinfectant, which are mostly prohibited and unlisted because of their toxicity. Grafting is an alternative technique to enhance abiotic stress tolerance and reduce root diseases due to soil-borne pathogens, thus enhancing crop production. This research study was conducted during the crop season of 2017 and 2018 in order to investigate the interactive effect of different grafting techniques of hybrid scion onto local rootstocks on plants survival, plant phenological growth, fruit yield and fruit quality under a controlled environment. The hybrid cucumber was also planted self-rooted. The cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cv. Kalaam F1, Syngenta was grafted onto four local cucurbitaceous rootstocks; ridge gourd (Luffa operculate Cogn.), bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.), pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.), bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.) using splice grafting, tongue approach, single cotyledon and hole insertion grafting techniques and self-rooted hybrid cucumber under greenhouse conditions. The experimental results indicated that all local cucurbitaceous rootstocks showed a high compatibility with hybrid cucumber scion in the splice grafting method compared to other grafting and non-grafted methods. Lagenaria siceraria rootstocks were found highly compatible with cucumber cv Kalaam scion which gave significantly maximum plant survival rates (95%) due to high sap contents, high SPAD value, better vegetative growth and maximum fruit yield when compared with other rootstocks by employing the splice grafting method followed by tongue approach, single cotyledon and hole insertion grafting while the fruit quality of all rootstocks was observed to be similar. The non-grafted cucumber cv. Kalaam F1 showed significant results of plant vegetative growth, fruit development and fruit quality and encountered grafting methods while the lowest result were associated with the hole insertion grafting method in all scion/rootstock combinations. The grafted plants have no significant effect on cucumber fruit dry matter and fruit quality while the fruit mineral compositions (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) were higher among grafted and non-grafted plant fruits. The results indicate that grafting hybrid cucumber onto four local cucurbitaceous rootstocks influenced growth, yield and fruit quality. Grafting can be alternative and control measure for soil-borne disease and to enhance cucumber production.

scholarly journals Seleção de espécies indicadoras de resíduos de dicamba no solo

Agrarian ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (48) ◽  
pp. 187-194
Author(s):  
Adalin Cezar Moraes de Aguiar ◽  
Maria Carolina Gomes Paiva ◽  
Lucas Heringer Barcellos Júnior ◽  
Elisa Maria Gomes da Silva ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Ribeiro de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus

A introdução de cultivares de soja resistentes ao dicamba possivelmente aumentará o uso desse herbicida no manejo de plantas daninhas no Brasil. Parte de todo herbicida aplicado atinge o solo, provocando intoxicação de culturas cultivadas em sucessão e contaminação do solo e da água. Nesse sentido, a seleção de espécies indicadoras para realização de bioensaios se torna uma importante ferramenta para avaliar o comportamento desse herbicida no ambiente. O objetivo do estudo foi identificar plantas sensíveis ao herbicida dicamba, para fim de indicação de resíduo desse herbicida no solo. O estudo foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, utilizando delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 6x10, com quatro repetições. Sendo, o primeiro fator composto pelas espécies de plantas (Phaseolus vulgaris, Citrullus lanatus, Cucumis sativus, Beta vulgaris, Glycine max e Solanum lycopersicum), e o segundo fator pelas doses do herbicida dicamba (0; 4,5; 9,0; 18,0; 36,0; 54,0; 72,0; 108,0; 144,0; 216,0 g de e.a ha-1), utilizando como substrato inerte areia lavada. Aos 14 e 21 dias após a emergência foram atribuídas notas de intoxicação as plantas e coletado a parte aérea. Os mais altos valores de intoxicação visual foram observados nas culturas do feijão e soja, já melancia, pepino, beterraba e tomate também se comportaram de forma sensível, no entanto, com valores de C50 mais altos. Os sintomas visuais de intoxicação e a produção de massa seca destacam o feijão como a espécie mais indicada para a avaliação da presença de resíduos do herbicida dicamba.

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