scholarly journals Evaluating Cucurbit Rootstocks to Prevent Disease Caused by Pythium aphanidermatum and P. myriotylum on Watermelon

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 3019-3025
Author(s):  
Sean M. Toporek ◽  
Anthony P. Keinath
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Bottle Gourd ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Lagenaria Siceraria ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima ◽  
Pythium Species ◽  
Seedless Watermelon ◽  
Marketable Fruit

Pythium species cause root and stem rot in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), but cucurbit rootstocks used to graft watermelon have not been evaluated for resistance. P. aphanidermatum and P. myriotylum were inoculated onto 15 nongrafted watermelon, citron (Citrullus amarus), bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria), and interspecific hybrid squash (Cucurbita maxima × C. moschata) cultivars in a growth chamber. Watermelon was more susceptible than bottle gourd and interspecific hybrid squash at 20 and 30°C. Twenty-one cultivars were inoculated in a field with an equal blend of both Pythium species. Interspecific hybrid squash was less susceptible than bottle gourd and watermelon in 2018 and 2019. Seedless watermelon cultivar Tri-X 313 was grafted to one citron, one bottle gourd, and three interspecific hybrid squash rootstocks. Plants were inoculated in the field as described. Grafting to interspecific hybrid squash rootstocks reduced disease incidence compared with nongrafted controls in 2018 and 2019. Mefenoxam and propamocarb applied at transplanting did not affect disease compared with non-fungicide-treated plots. Grafting to interspecific hybrid squash Camelforce significantly increased total and marketable fruit numbers and total weight in 2019 compared with the nongrafted control. In summary, interspecific hybrid squash was consistently resistant to Pythium, demonstrating resistance and utility in watermelon grafting.

scholarly journals Control of Fusarium Wilt of Watermelon by Grafting onto Bottlegourd or Interspecific Hybrid Squash Despite Colonization of Rootstocks by Fusarium

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Keinath ◽  
R. L. Hassell
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Infested Field ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Seedless Watermelon ◽  
Race 2

Grafting watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus) onto rootstocks of interspecific hybrid squash (Cucurbita moschata × C. maxima), bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria), or citron (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides) has been used in Asia and Israel to mange Fusarium wilt of watermelon caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum. The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency of infection of six rootstocks by F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum races 1 and 2 and the field performance of grafted rootstocks in Charleston, SC. Grafted and nongrafted watermelon and rootstock plants were inoculated in the greenhouse with race 1, race 2, or water (the control treatment). With both races, the frequency of recovery of F. oxysporum from scion and rootstock portions of inoculated watermelon plants grafted onto ‘Ojakkyo’ citron was greater than from watermelon plants grafted onto ‘Shintosa Camel’ and ‘Strong Tosa’ interspecific hybrid squash, and from plants grafted onto ‘Emphasis’, ‘Macis’, and ‘WMXP 3945’ bottlegourd. For nongrafted plants inoculated with race 1, percent recovery also was greater from Ojakkyo than from interspecific hybrid squash and bottlegourd. For nongrafted plants inoculated with race 2, F. oxysporum was recovered from the base of ≥79% of all inoculated plants. More than two-thirds (15) of 21 isolates recovered from the tops or scions of inoculated plants were pathogenic on watermelon. In spring 2010 and 2011, the six rootstocks were grafted with seedless watermelon ‘Tri-X 313’, which is susceptible to both races, and transplanted in a field infested with races 1 and 2 of F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum. Disease incidence for nongrafted and self-grafted Tri-X 313 (the control treatments) and Tri-X 313 grafted onto Ojakkyo citron did not differ significantly. Grafted watermelon plants produced greater weights and numbers of fruit than plants of the two control treatments. Nonpathogenic isolates of F. oxysporum and isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum colonized interspecific hybrid squash, bottlegourd, and grafted watermelon. The rootstocks evaluated, however, restricted movement of F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum into the watermelon scion, suppressed wilt symptoms, and increased fruit yields in an infested field.

scholarly journals Grafting of Romanian Melons and Watermelons for Culture from South Area of Romania

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 262
Author(s):  
Dorin Sora ◽  
Madalina Doltu ◽  
Simona Popescu ◽  
Daniela Iorga
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Bottle Gourd ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Lagenaria Siceraria ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima ◽  
The South ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
Plant Seedlings

The vegetable grafting is useful in Romania; it is more difficult in watermelons and melons and it is continuously developing. The research was aimed the establishing of the technological stages for seedling producing of scions (Romanian melons and watermelons) and rootstocks (F1 hybrids of Lagenaria siceraria and Cucurbita maxima x C. moschata) for obtaining of grafted plant seedlings. The experience was realized out on a collection consisting from two Romanian scions, melon (‘Fondant’ variety) and watermelon (‘Dochiţa’ variety) obtained at Research and Development Station for Vegetable Growing Buzău and two rootstocks, bottle gourd - L. siceraria (‘Emphasis’ F1) and interspecific hybrid squash - C. maxima x C. moschata (‘Cobalt’ F1). The obtaining of scion and rootstock plants was made according to the ecological requirements of the species. The grafting was made by annexation (splice grafting). The plants had optimal diameters for splice grafting. Between scions (‘Fondant’ and ‘Dochiţa’) are no diference, statistical analysis could not be performed. Technological stages for producing grafted seedlings of Romanian melon and watermelon were established. The grafting was performed successfully for cucurbit symbiotes (scions and rootstocks). These technological stages for grafting by annexation of Romanian melons and watermelons are recommended for cultures in the south area of Romania.

scholarly journals Improvement of Grafted Watermelon Transplant Survival as a Result of Size and Starch Increases Over Time Caused by Rootstock Fatty Alcohol Treatment: Part II

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-354
Author(s):  
Shawna L. Daley ◽  
William Patrick Wechter ◽  
Richard L. Hassell
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Alcohol ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Lagenaria Siceraria ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima ◽  
Stored Energy ◽  
Total Soluble Sugar ◽  
Alcohol Treatments ◽  
Over Time

Fatty alcohol treatments can be used to eliminate the meristem of cucurbit (Cucurbitaceae) rootstocks, which prevents regrowth when grafting, but the effects of the treatment on the rootstock have not been documented. Two rootstock types, ‘Emphasis’ bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) and ‘Carnivor’ interspecific hybrid squash (Cucurbita maxima × C. moschata) commonly used in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) grafting significantly increased in cotyledon and hypocotyl size over 21 days after treatment (DAT) with a 6.25% fatty alcohol emulsion. There was a significant increase in total soluble sugar (glucose, sucrose, and fructose) content for each rootstock hypocotyl and cotyledon. Starch concentrations of hypocotyls and cotyledons also increased significantly in both rootstocks. This increase in stored energy could greatly increase the success rate of the grafting process. Increased rootstock energy reserves could overcome the need for keeping the rootstock cotyledon intact when grafting.

Critical weed-free period for large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) in transplanted watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)

Weed Science ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 530-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Monks ◽  
Jonathan R. Schultheis
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Seedless Watermelon ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Removal and plant-back studies were conducted in North Carolina in 1991 and 1992 to determine the critical period of large crabgrass competition in transplanted triploid (seedless) watermelon. For every week that large crabgrass remained in watermelon, medium (3.6 to 7.3 kg) melon yield decreased 3,996 kg and 716 fruit ha−1. For every week that large crabgrass emergence was delayed, yield increased by 814 kg and 142 fruit ha−1. Likewise, for every week that large crabgrass remained in watermelon, marketable (3.6 kg and over) yield decreased 5,582 kg and 911 fruit ha−1. For every week that large crabgrass emergence was delayed, yield was increased 881 kg and 151 fruit ha−1. Large crabgrass emerging after 6 wk had no effect on marketable fruit or number of watermelon. To achieve the greatest quality or quantity of medium or marketable fruit, a large crabgrass-free period between 0 and 6 wk after transplanting was necessary.

scholarly journals Resistência de porta-enxertos de cucurbitáceas a nematóides e compatibilidade da enxertia em melão

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letícia A Ito ◽  
Lucas A Gaion ◽  
Francine S Galatti ◽  
Leila T Braz ◽  
Jaime M Santos
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Lagenaria Siceraria ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima ◽  
Luffa Cylindrica ◽  
Benincasa Hispida

Devido ao severo ataque de nematoides na cultura do meloeiro rendilhado sob ambiente protegido, este trabalho teve por objetivo selecionar porta-enxertos resistentes a Meloidogyne incognitae M. javanica. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, de outubro de 2010 a abril de 2011, em Jaboticabal-SP. Foram avaliados 33 porta-enxertos; melões: CNPH 01-930 (Cucumis melo var. flexuosus), CNPH 01-962, CNPH 01-963 (Cucumis melo var. conomon), cvs. Gaúcho Redondo, Gaúcho Comprido, Redondo Amarelo, Gulfcoast, Chilton, Bônus n° 2, Fantasy; melancias: cv. Charleston Gray, Progênie da Coréia (Citrullus lanatus); abóboras: cvs. Mra. Ma, Ornamental, Howden, Mammoth, Kururu, Goianinha (Cucurbita moschata); cabaça: Abóbora de Porco, cvs. Maranhão, Brasileirinha (Lagenaria siceraria); moranga: cv. Pataca Gigante (Cucurbita maxima); pepinos: cvs. Caipira, Branco Meio-Comprido, Curumim (Cucumis sativus); buchas: Metro, Semente Branca, Semente Preta (Luffa cylindrica); abóbora d'água (Benincasa hispida); abóbora porta-enxerto: Híbrido cv. Keij; quiabo de Metro (Trichosanthes cucumerins) e Cruá (Sicana odorifera). Para avaliar a resistência de plantas, as mudas foram transplantadas para vasos e inoculados com 3.000 ovos e juvenis de M. incognita via sistema radicular. Aos 50 dias após a inoculação, foi realizada avaliação da resistência das plantas, com base no fator de reprodução do nematoide. Foram realizados os mesmos procedimentos para as duas espécies de nematoides. Nos porta-enxertos resistentes aos nematoides foram realizadas enxertias, com os melões rendilhados 'Bônus n° 2' e 'Fantasy'. CNPH 01-962, CNPH 01-963 e melão 'Gaúcho Redondo' foram resistentes a M. incognita. Melão 'Redondo Amarelo', melancia 'Charleston Gray', Progênie da Coréia, e Trichosanthes cucumerins, foram resistentes a M. javanica. Benincasa hispida foi resistente a ambas as espécies. As compatibilidades de enxertia entre os porta-enxertos resistentes e os melões rendilhados 'Bônus no 2' e 'Fantasy' foram superiores a 98%.

scholarly journals Antitranspirant Application Increases Grafting Success of Watermelon

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 494-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Dabirian ◽  
Carol A. Miles
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Lagenaria Siceraria ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
The One ◽  
Treatment Application ◽  
Grafting Methods

The one-cotyledon splice grafting method is commonly used for watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) because it is relatively rapid and there is less rootstock regrowth than with other grafting methods. However, plants must rely on moisture in the air for survival during at least the first 4 days after grafting. In 2015 and 2016, greenhouse experiments were conducted to investigate if application of commercial stomata-coating and stomata-closing antitranspirant products, applied 1 day before grafting to both scion and rootstock seedlings, could increase the survival of watermelon transplants grafted using the one-cotyledon method. ‘TriX Palomar’ watermelon was grafted onto rootstock ‘Tetsukabuto’ (Cucurbita maxima × C. moschata) in Expt. 1, and onto rootstock ‘Emphasis’ (Lagenaria siceraria) in Expt. 2. The survival of grafted watermelon differed because of experiment (P = 0.0003), antitranspirant treatment (P < 0.0001), and experimental repeat (P < 0.0001). The survival of ‘TriX Palomar’ grafted onto ‘Tetsukabuto’ was greatest for plants treated with the stomata-coating + stomata-closing antitranspirants (92% to 100%), followed by the stomata-closing antitranspirant (79% to 97%), water (72%), and the stomata-coating antitranspirant (50% to 60%). For ‘TriX Palomar’ grafted onto ‘Emphasis’, plants treated with the stomata-closing antitranspirant had the greatest survival (87% to 97%), followed by stomata-coating + stomata-closing antitranspirants (84% to 94%), the stomata-coating antitranspirant (50% to 67%), and water (53% to 68%). In Expt. 3, stomatal conductance (gS) was similar for both ‘TriX Palomar’ and ‘Emphasis’ seedlings before treatment application, but differed because of the treatments 1 and 2 days after application. Stomatal conductance did not change for ‘TriX Palomar’ seedlings after application of the stomata-coating antitranspirant or water, or for ‘Emphasis’ seedlings after application of the stomata-coating antitranspirant. Stomatal conductance of ‘TriX Palomar’ seedlings decreased 57% to 62% after application of the stomata-closing antitranspirant and decreased 48% to 60% after application of the stomata-coating + stomata-closing antitranspirants. Stomatal conductance for ‘Emphasis’ seedlings increased 37% after water application, and decreased 58% to 68% after application of the stomata-closing antitranspirant, and decreased 42% to 45% after application of the stomata-coating + stomata-closing antitranspirants. The survival rate of grafted ‘TriX Palomar’ transplants was increased nearly 30% by application 1 day before grafting of the commercial stomata-closing antitranspirant or stomata-coating + stomata-closing antitranspirants in this study. Increase in grafting success is likely due to a reduction in transpiration that occurs when the stomata-closing antitranspirant is applied to the seedlings before grafting.

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