scholarly journals Immunohistochemical and molecular expression of laminin-332 gamma-2 chain in canine mammary tumors

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
D.A.P.C Zuccari ◽  
R Castro ◽  
B.V Jardim ◽  
U.M Mancini ◽  
G.M Polachini
Keyword(s):  
Western Blot ◽  
Mammary Cancer ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Mammary Tumors ◽  
Malignant Potential ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Canine Mammary Tumors ◽  
Weak Expression ◽  
Molecular Expression ◽  
Laminin 332

Forty-eight cases of canine mammary cancer were investigated to evaluate the immunohistochemical distribution of the γ2 chain of laminin-332. Tumor cells were compared to a pool of normal mammary tissues using quantitative RT-PCR. The western blot was performed in eight tumor samples as complementary test to evaluate protein integrity. Immunohistochemistry experiments showed negative, focal, and weak expression of laminin-332 γ2 in tumors with the worst prognosis. Quantitative PCR revealed downregulation of the gene in 27 (56.2%) of the animals. Out of the 16 dogs with γ2 chain overexpression, seven were still alive. The western blot results showed bands generation of 36, 50, and 98kDa, suggesting degradation of laminin-332 γ2 in malignant tumors. The results suggest that, in the future, low expression and/or degradation of laminin-332 γ2 chain in canine mammary tumors may be used as an indicator of malignant potential. However, further studies are necessary to corroborate these results

scholarly journals NHE1, NHE2, and NHE3 contribute to regulation of intracellular pH in murine duodenal epithelial cells

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (2) ◽  
pp. G197-G206 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Praetorius ◽  
D. Andreasen ◽  
B. L. Jensen ◽  
M. A. Ainsworth ◽  
U. G. Friis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Intracellular Ph ◽  
Blot Analysis ◽  
Western Blot Analysis ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Acid Extrusion ◽  
Molecular Expression ◽  
Nhe Isoforms

Na+/H+-exchangers (NHE) mediate acid extrusion from duodenal epithelial cells, but the isoforms involved have not previously been determined. Thus we investigated 1) the contribution of Na+-dependent processes to acid extrusion, 2) sensitivity to Na+/H+ exchange inhibitors, and 3) molecular expression of NHE isoforms. By fluorescence spectroscopy the recovery of intracellular pH (pHi) was measured on suspensions of isolated acidified murine duodenal epithelial cells loaded with 2′,7′-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein. Expression of NHE isoforms was studied by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Reduction of extracellular Na+ concentration ([Na+]o) during pHirecovery decreased H+ efflux to minimally 12.5% of control with a relatively high apparent Michaelis constant for extracellular Na+. The Na+/H+exchange inhibitors ethylisopropylamiloride and amiloride inhibited H+ efflux maximally by 57 and 80%, respectively. NHE1, NHE2, and NHE3 were expressed at the mRNA level (RT-PCR) as well as at the protein level (Western blot analysis). On the basis of the effects of low [Na+]o and inhibitors we propose that acid extrusion in duodenal epithelial cells involves Na+/H+ exchange by isoforms NHE1, NHE2, and NHE3.

Number of Nucleoli and Nucleolar Organizer Regions per Nucleus and Nucleolus — Prognostic Value in Canine Mammary Tumors

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 527-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. BratuliĆ ◽  
Ž GrabareviĆ ◽  
B. ArtukoviĆ ◽  
D. Capak
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Organizer Region ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Region ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
Mammary Tumors ◽  
World Health ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Regions ◽  
Canine Mammary Tumors ◽  
Significant Difference

Twenty-eight canine mammary tumors were evaluated for histopathologic classification as recommended by the World Health Organization and silver-binding nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) and nucleolus counts. Samples of surgically excised tumors and tumors taken at necropsy were fixed in neutral formalin, embedded in paraffin, and cut into 1-3-μm-thick sections. Two sections were taken from each tumor: one was stained with hematoxylin and eosin and the other was treated with the silver staining technique for the demonstration of AgNORs. After histopathologic classification, the number of nucleoli and the number of AgNORs/nucleus and AgNORs/nucleolus were determined. Statistical analysis (Student's t-test) showed a significant difference in the mean number of nucleoli ( P < 0.005), mean number of AgNORs/nucleolus ( P < 0.001), and mean number of AgNORs/nucleus ( P < 0.005) between benign and malignant canine mammary tumors. There was no significant differences between metastatic and nonmetastatic malignant tumors.

scholarly journals A Statistical Analysis of Risk Factors and Biological Behavior in Canine Mammary Tumors: A Multicenter Study

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1687
Author(s):  
Giovanni P. Burrai ◽  
Andrea Gabrieli ◽  
Valentina Moccia ◽  
Valentina Zappulli ◽  
Ilaria Porcellato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Multicenter Study ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Mammary Tumors ◽  
Supervised Machine Learning ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Clinical Staging ◽  
Canine Mammary Tumors

Canine mammary tumors (CMTs) represent a serious issue in worldwide veterinary practice and several risk factors are variably implicated in the biology of CMTs. The present study examines the relationship between risk factors and histological diagnosis of a large CMT dataset from three academic institutions by classical statistical analysis and supervised machine learning methods. Epidemiological, clinical, and histopathological data of 1866 CMTs were included. Dogs with malignant tumors were significantly older than dogs with benign tumors (9.6 versus 8.7 years, p < 0.001). Malignant tumors were significantly larger than benign counterparts (2.69 versus 1.7 cm, p < 0.001). Interestingly, 18% of malignant tumors were smaller than 1 cm in diameter, providing compelling evidence that the size of the tumor should be reconsidered during the assessment of the TNM-WHO clinical staging. The application of the logistic regression and the machine learning model identified the age and the tumor’s size as the best predictors with an overall diagnostic accuracy of 0.63, suggesting that these risk factors are sufficient but not exhaustive indicators of the malignancy of CMTs. This multicenter study increases the general knowledge of the main epidemiologica-clinical risk factors involved in the onset of CMTs and paves the way for further investigations of these factors in association with CMTs and in the application of machine learning technology.

scholarly journals An Immunohistochemical Study on the Expression of Sex Steroid Receptors in Canine Mammary Tumors

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leena Rajathy Port Louis ◽  
Khub Chandra Varshney ◽  
Madhavan Gopalakrishnan Nair
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Alpha ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Steroid Receptors ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Beta ◽  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
Mammary Tumors ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Canine Mammary Tumors

Steroid hormones are found to play a major role in the genesis and progression of mammary tumors. The aim of this study was to immunohistochemically detect the presence of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), estrogen receptor beta (ERβ), and progesterone receptor (PR) and also to study the association between these markers in 29 cases of benign (11) and malignant (18) canine mammary tumors. ERα immunostaining was noticed in only one case of carcinosarcoma specifically in the nuclei of epithelial and a few myoepithelial cells. ERβ immunostaining was noticed in the nuclei and cytoplasm of epithelial cells and smooth muscles lining the blood vessels. Immunoexpression of ERβ was 82% in benign tumors and 78% in malignant tumors. PR immunostaining was expressed in the nuclei of epithelial cells in both benign and malignant tumors. Among the 15 PR+ cases, 6 (55%) were of benign type, and 9 (50%) were of malignant type. The most common group of hormone receptor was the ERα−/PR+/ERβ+ (46%) in benign tumors and ERα−/PR−/ERβ+ (38%) in malignant tumors. Although there was no significant association between ERα and PR with ERβ, the findings indicated that ERβ was consistently expressed in both benign and malignant tumors, irrespective of ERα and PR status.

Immunohistologic Detection of Estrogen Receptor Alpha in Canine Mammary Tumors: Clinical and Pathologic Associations and Prognostic Significance

2000 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nieto ◽  
L. Peña ◽  
M. D. Pérez-Alenza ◽  
M. A. Sánchez ◽  
J. M. Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Mammary Tumors ◽  
Proliferation Index ◽  
Lymph Node Status ◽  
Canine Mammary Tumors

Eighty-nine canine mammary tumors and dysplasias of 66 bitches were investigated to determine the immunohistochemical expression of classical estrogen receptor (ER-α) and its clinical and pathologic associations and prognostic value. A complete clinical examination was performed and reproductive history was evaluated. After surgery, all animals were followed-up for 18 months, with clinical examinations every 3–4 months. ER-α expression was higher in tumors of genitally intact and young bitches ( P < 0.01, P < 0.01) and in animals with regular estrous periods ( P = 0.03). Malignant tumors of the bitches with a previous clinical history of pseudopregnancy expressed significantly more ER-α ( P = 0.04). Immunoexpression of ER-α decreased significantly with tumor size ( P = 0.05) and skin ulceration ( P = 0.01). Low levels of ER-α were significantly associated with lymph node involvement ( P < 0.01). Malignant tumors had lower ER-α expression than did benign tumors ( P < 0.01). Proliferation index measured by proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunostaining was inversely correlated with ER-α scores ( P = 0.05) in all tumors. Low ER-α levels in primary malignant tumors were significantly associated with the occurrence of metastases in the follow-up ( P = 0.03). Multivariate analyses were performed to determine the prognostic significance of some follow-up variables. ER-α value, Ki-67 index, and age were independent factors that could predict disease-free survival. Lymph node status, age, and ER-α index were independent prognostic factors for the overall survival. The immunohistochemical detection of ER-α in canine mammary tumors is a simple technique with prognostic value that could be useful in selecting appropriate hormonal therapy.

scholarly journals Canine Mammary Tumors: Comparison of Classification and Grading Methods in a Survival Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Canadas ◽  
Miguel França ◽  
Cristina Pereira ◽  
Raquel Vilaça ◽  
Hugo Vilhena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Mammary Tumors ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
World Health ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Histological Subtype ◽  
Canine Mammary Tumors ◽  
Nottingham Grade ◽  
Health Organization

Histopathology remains the cornerstone for diagnosing canine mammary tumors (CMTs). Recently, 2 classification systems (the World Health Organization [WHO] classification of 1999 and the proposal of 2011) and 2 grading methods based on the human Nottingham grade have been used by pathologists. Despite some evidence that the histological subtype and grade are prognostic factors, there is no comprehensive comparative study of these classification and grading systems in the same series of CMTs. In this study, the 2 classifications and the 2 grading methods were simultaneously applied to a cohort of 134 female dogs with CMTs. In 85 animals with malignant tumors, univariable and multivariable survival analyses were performed. Using the 2 systems, the proportion of benign (161/305, 53%) and malignant (144/305, 47%) tumors was similar and no significant differences existed in categorization of benign tumors. However, the 2011 classification subdivided malignant tumors in more categories—namely, those classified as complex, solid, and tubulopapillary carcinomas by the WHO system. Histological subtype according to both systems was significantly associated with survival. Carcinomas arising in benign tumors, complex carcinomas, and mixed carcinomas were associated with a better prognosis. In contrast, carcinosarcomas and comedocarcinomas had a high risk of tumor-related death. Slight differences existed between the 2 grading methods, and grade was related to survival only in univariable analysis. In this cohort, age, completeness of surgical margins, and 2 index formulas adapted from human breast cancer studies (including tumor size, grade, and vascular/lymph node invasion) were independent prognostic factors.

Cytologie Differentiation of Benign from Malignant Canine Mammary Tumors

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 649-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. W. Allen ◽  
K. W. Prasse ◽  
E. A. Mahaffey
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Mammary Cancer ◽  
Mammary Tumors ◽  
Histologic Examination ◽  
Grading System ◽  
Cytologic Diagnosis ◽  
Spindle Cells ◽  
Canine Mammary Tumors ◽  
Criteria Of Malignancy

Cytologic and histologic examination of 91 canine mammary masses was performed by two cytologists and two histopathologists. Ten important cytologic criteria of malignancy for canine mammary tumors were identified. A cytologic grading system for differentiation of benign from malignant mammary tumors was proposed using these criteria. With this system, approximately one fourth of the malignant mammary tumors were given a concordant cytologic diagnosis. Approximately one-half of the benign masses were given a concordant cytologic diagnosis by the two cytologists. One-half of all the tumors examined were given inconclusive cytologic diagnoses by both cytologists. The cytologic identification of spindle cells did not differentiate complex and mixed mammary tumors from simple tumors. Only five of the animals studied died of mammary cancer, precluding a critical analysis of the cytologic criteria for prediction of cancer mortality.

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical Analysis of Na+/K+-ATPase and Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Expressions in Both Parenchymal and Stromal Cells from Benign and Malignant Canine Mammary Tumors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
ozlem ozmen
Keyword(s):  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Breast Tumors ◽  
Mammary Tumors ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Ion Pump ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Canine Mammary Tumors

Abstract Canine mammary tumors are the most common type of dog tumor, and they are similar to human breast tumors. Na+/K+-ATPase is a common plasma membrane ion pump with important physiological and pathophysiological functions. In mammary tumors, the tumor microenvironment was composed of a heterogeneous population of tumor cells and nearby endogenous stromal cells. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) regulate fetal development, tissue homeostasis and differentiation, and a variety of cellular functions. The purpose of this study is to examine the immunohistochemical expression of Na+/K+-ATPase and BMP-2 in tumoral and stromal cells from benign and malignant canine mammary tumors. In this study, ten benign and ten malignant mammary tumors from the archives of the Department of Pathology were used, with five normal breast tissues serving as controls. The results of the revealed that tumors had higher levels of Na+/K+-ATPase and BMP-2 expressions than normal mammary tissue. While both markers were expressed negatively or mildly in benign tumors, they increased significantly in malignant tumors. Both Na+/K+-ATPase and BMP-2 are expressed by tumoral and stromal cells in canine mammary tumors. When compared to compared to BMP-2, Na+/K+-ATPase expression was found to be more severe. This study found that Na+/K+-ATPase and BMP-2 can be used as markers of malignancy in canine mammary tumors and that stromal cells also play an important role in tumor progression. These findings also indicated that Na+/K+-ATPase and BMP-2 may be used for early diagnosis or as a potential target for treatment of canine and human breast tumors in the future.

scholarly journals EPIDEMIOLOGY, RISK FACTORS AND PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF MAMMARY TUMORS IN CATS

THE BULLETIN ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (388) ◽  
pp. 78-84
Author(s):  
Dyulger Georgy Petrovich, ◽  
◽  
Dyulger Petr Georgiyevich, ◽  
Alikhanov Oralbek, ◽  
Sedletskaya Evgenia Sergeevna, ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Carcinoma In Situ ◽  
Mammary Cancer ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Mammary Tumors ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Ovarian Status

Mammary tumors (MT) are the 3rd most common neoplasm in cats. The incidence rate is significantly influenced by gender, age, breed, ovarian status, and the use of progestin-based contraceptives. MTs are a group of neoplasms that is heterogeneous in terms of tissue belonging, histological structure, and biological behavior. Malignant tumors are most frequent and compile from 80% to 96% of all tumors and tumor-like mammary lesions. Mammary cancer (MC) prevails, accounting for 91.4% of all cases of malignant tumors. Invasive breast cancer is much more common than carcinoma in situ. Among histological types of breast cancer, cribriform, solid, and tubulopapillary carcinomas predominate; mucous, tubular, and papillary carcinomas are less common.

Incidence, Gross Morphology, Histopathology and Immunohistochemistry of Canine Mammary Tumors

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Patel ◽  
D. J. Ghodasara ◽  
S. H. Raval ◽  
B. P. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Mammary Tumors ◽  
Myoepithelial Cells ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
Histopathological Classification ◽  
Canine Mammary Tumors ◽  
Immuno Histochemistry ◽  
Strong Immunoreactivity

The aim of present investigation was to study the gross morphology and incidence of canine mammary tumors (CMTs) based on age, sex, breed, reproductive status and location along with histopathological classification and immunohistochemical characteristics. A total of 56 CMTs samples were collected from 49 cases of dogs. Gross morphology was studied in 26 cases of canine mammary tumors. For histopathological classification, samples were fixed in 10% formalin, embedded in paraffin and sections (5 μm thick) obtained from each was stained with HandE stain. Immuno-histochemistry was carried out by using p63 antibody to confirm the histopathological types of CMTs. Malignant tumors and benign tumors were mostly observed in older dogs. Among 9 breeds affected, the highest incidence was recorded in a German shepherd. Caudal abdominal pair was most commonly affected. Most of the cases were observed in intact female dogs, except for one male dog. The tumors were oval and round in shape with 30–2000 g weight, soft to hard in consistency and grayish white cut surface. Out of 56 CMTs, the highest incidence was found of malignant neoplasms (36/56, 64.28%), followed by benign neoplasms (10/56, 17.85%) and non-neoplastic proliferation hyperplasia/dysplasia (10/56, 17.85%). Complex carcinoma, carcinoma, and malignant myoepithelioma and malignant myoepithelioma were confirmed by p63 antibody. In these neoplasms, myoepithelial cells showed strong immunoreactivity with p63.

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