scholarly journals Canine Mammary Tumors: Comparison of Classification and Grading Methods in a Survival Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Canadas ◽  
Miguel França ◽  
Cristina Pereira ◽  
Raquel Vilaça ◽  
Hugo Vilhena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Mammary Tumors ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
World Health ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Histological Subtype ◽  
Canine Mammary Tumors ◽  
Nottingham Grade ◽  
Health Organization

Histopathology remains the cornerstone for diagnosing canine mammary tumors (CMTs). Recently, 2 classification systems (the World Health Organization [WHO] classification of 1999 and the proposal of 2011) and 2 grading methods based on the human Nottingham grade have been used by pathologists. Despite some evidence that the histological subtype and grade are prognostic factors, there is no comprehensive comparative study of these classification and grading systems in the same series of CMTs. In this study, the 2 classifications and the 2 grading methods were simultaneously applied to a cohort of 134 female dogs with CMTs. In 85 animals with malignant tumors, univariable and multivariable survival analyses were performed. Using the 2 systems, the proportion of benign (161/305, 53%) and malignant (144/305, 47%) tumors was similar and no significant differences existed in categorization of benign tumors. However, the 2011 classification subdivided malignant tumors in more categories—namely, those classified as complex, solid, and tubulopapillary carcinomas by the WHO system. Histological subtype according to both systems was significantly associated with survival. Carcinomas arising in benign tumors, complex carcinomas, and mixed carcinomas were associated with a better prognosis. In contrast, carcinosarcomas and comedocarcinomas had a high risk of tumor-related death. Slight differences existed between the 2 grading methods, and grade was related to survival only in univariable analysis. In this cohort, age, completeness of surgical margins, and 2 index formulas adapted from human breast cancer studies (including tumor size, grade, and vascular/lymph node invasion) were independent prognostic factors.

Number of Nucleoli and Nucleolar Organizer Regions per Nucleus and Nucleolus — Prognostic Value in Canine Mammary Tumors

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 527-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. BratuliĆ ◽  
Ž GrabareviĆ ◽  
B. ArtukoviĆ ◽  
D. Capak
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Organizer Region ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Region ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
Mammary Tumors ◽  
World Health ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Regions ◽  
Canine Mammary Tumors ◽  
Significant Difference

Twenty-eight canine mammary tumors were evaluated for histopathologic classification as recommended by the World Health Organization and silver-binding nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) and nucleolus counts. Samples of surgically excised tumors and tumors taken at necropsy were fixed in neutral formalin, embedded in paraffin, and cut into 1-3-μm-thick sections. Two sections were taken from each tumor: one was stained with hematoxylin and eosin and the other was treated with the silver staining technique for the demonstration of AgNORs. After histopathologic classification, the number of nucleoli and the number of AgNORs/nucleus and AgNORs/nucleolus were determined. Statistical analysis (Student's t-test) showed a significant difference in the mean number of nucleoli ( P < 0.005), mean number of AgNORs/nucleolus ( P < 0.001), and mean number of AgNORs/nucleus ( P < 0.005) between benign and malignant canine mammary tumors. There was no significant differences between metastatic and nonmetastatic malignant tumors.

scholarly journals An Immunohistochemical Study on the Expression of Sex Steroid Receptors in Canine Mammary Tumors

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leena Rajathy Port Louis ◽  
Khub Chandra Varshney ◽  
Madhavan Gopalakrishnan Nair
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Alpha ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Steroid Receptors ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Beta ◽  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
Mammary Tumors ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Canine Mammary Tumors

Steroid hormones are found to play a major role in the genesis and progression of mammary tumors. The aim of this study was to immunohistochemically detect the presence of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), estrogen receptor beta (ERβ), and progesterone receptor (PR) and also to study the association between these markers in 29 cases of benign (11) and malignant (18) canine mammary tumors. ERα immunostaining was noticed in only one case of carcinosarcoma specifically in the nuclei of epithelial and a few myoepithelial cells. ERβ immunostaining was noticed in the nuclei and cytoplasm of epithelial cells and smooth muscles lining the blood vessels. Immunoexpression of ERβ was 82% in benign tumors and 78% in malignant tumors. PR immunostaining was expressed in the nuclei of epithelial cells in both benign and malignant tumors. Among the 15 PR+ cases, 6 (55%) were of benign type, and 9 (50%) were of malignant type. The most common group of hormone receptor was the ERα−/PR+/ERβ+ (46%) in benign tumors and ERα−/PR−/ERβ+ (38%) in malignant tumors. Although there was no significant association between ERα and PR with ERβ, the findings indicated that ERβ was consistently expressed in both benign and malignant tumors, irrespective of ERα and PR status.

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical Analysis of Na+/K+-ATPase and Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Expressions in Both Parenchymal and Stromal Cells from Benign and Malignant Canine Mammary Tumors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
ozlem ozmen
Keyword(s):  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Breast Tumors ◽  
Mammary Tumors ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Ion Pump ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Canine Mammary Tumors

Abstract Canine mammary tumors are the most common type of dog tumor, and they are similar to human breast tumors. Na+/K+-ATPase is a common plasma membrane ion pump with important physiological and pathophysiological functions. In mammary tumors, the tumor microenvironment was composed of a heterogeneous population of tumor cells and nearby endogenous stromal cells. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) regulate fetal development, tissue homeostasis and differentiation, and a variety of cellular functions. The purpose of this study is to examine the immunohistochemical expression of Na+/K+-ATPase and BMP-2 in tumoral and stromal cells from benign and malignant canine mammary tumors. In this study, ten benign and ten malignant mammary tumors from the archives of the Department of Pathology were used, with five normal breast tissues serving as controls. The results of the revealed that tumors had higher levels of Na+/K+-ATPase and BMP-2 expressions than normal mammary tissue. While both markers were expressed negatively or mildly in benign tumors, they increased significantly in malignant tumors. Both Na+/K+-ATPase and BMP-2 are expressed by tumoral and stromal cells in canine mammary tumors. When compared to compared to BMP-2, Na+/K+-ATPase expression was found to be more severe. This study found that Na+/K+-ATPase and BMP-2 can be used as markers of malignancy in canine mammary tumors and that stromal cells also play an important role in tumor progression. These findings also indicated that Na+/K+-ATPase and BMP-2 may be used for early diagnosis or as a potential target for treatment of canine and human breast tumors in the future.

Incidence, Gross Morphology, Histopathology and Immunohistochemistry of Canine Mammary Tumors

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Patel ◽  
D. J. Ghodasara ◽  
S. H. Raval ◽  
B. P. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Mammary Tumors ◽  
Myoepithelial Cells ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
Histopathological Classification ◽  
Canine Mammary Tumors ◽  
Immuno Histochemistry ◽  
Strong Immunoreactivity

The aim of present investigation was to study the gross morphology and incidence of canine mammary tumors (CMTs) based on age, sex, breed, reproductive status and location along with histopathological classification and immunohistochemical characteristics. A total of 56 CMTs samples were collected from 49 cases of dogs. Gross morphology was studied in 26 cases of canine mammary tumors. For histopathological classification, samples were fixed in 10% formalin, embedded in paraffin and sections (5 μm thick) obtained from each was stained with HandE stain. Immuno-histochemistry was carried out by using p63 antibody to confirm the histopathological types of CMTs. Malignant tumors and benign tumors were mostly observed in older dogs. Among 9 breeds affected, the highest incidence was recorded in a German shepherd. Caudal abdominal pair was most commonly affected. Most of the cases were observed in intact female dogs, except for one male dog. The tumors were oval and round in shape with 30–2000 g weight, soft to hard in consistency and grayish white cut surface. Out of 56 CMTs, the highest incidence was found of malignant neoplasms (36/56, 64.28%), followed by benign neoplasms (10/56, 17.85%) and non-neoplastic proliferation hyperplasia/dysplasia (10/56, 17.85%). Complex carcinoma, carcinoma, and malignant myoepithelioma and malignant myoepithelioma were confirmed by p63 antibody. In these neoplasms, myoepithelial cells showed strong immunoreactivity with p63.

scholarly journals Mast cells and angiogenesis in canine mammary tumor

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1348-1351 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.E Lavalle ◽  
A.C Bertagnolli ◽  
W.L.F Tavares ◽  
M.A.N.D Ferreira ◽  
G.D Cassali
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Microvessel Density ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Mammary Tumors ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Toluidine Blue Staining ◽  
Canine Mammary Tumors ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Malignant And Benign Tumors

The correlation between microvessel density and mast cells density in canine mammary tumors was studied. Sixty-five samples of canine mammary tumors, being 24 benign and 41 malignant, were analyzed. The routine Toluidine Blue staining method was used to assess the mast cells. To evaluate angiogenesis, the immunohistochemical expression of CD31 was assessed. There was no significant difference in either mast cells (P=0.44) or microvessel density (P=0.77) between malignant and benign tumors. A positive correlation was observed between microvessel density and mast cells (r=0.39; P=0.011) in malignant tumors. These results suggest that mast cells may play a role in canine mammary malignant tumors development, promoting angiogenesis, similar to some tumors described in the human species

Patterns of skull base meningioma progression after failed radiosurgery

2007 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
William T. Couldwell ◽  
Chad D. Cole ◽  
Ossama Al-Mefty
Keyword(s):  
Skull Base ◽  
Stereotactic Radiosurgery ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
World Health ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Subtotal Resection ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Skull Base Meningioma ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Health Organization

Object Stereotactic radiosurgery has been reported to be an effective alternative to surgical removal of small to medium benign meningiomas as well as an adjuvant treatment modality to reduce the risk of tumor progression after subtotal resection. Its efficacy has been proved by excellent short-term radiosurgically demonstrated control rates, which have been reported to approach or exceed 90% in many contemporary studies involving the use of either linear accelerator–based systems or the Gamma Knife. Little is known, however, regarding the growth patterns of meningiomas that fail to stabilize after radiosurgery. Methods The authors report 13 cases of benign skull base meningiomas (World Health Organization Grade I) that demonstrated progression after radiosurgical treatment as a primary or an adjuvant therapy. Several tumors demonstrated rapid growth immediately after radiosurgical treatment, whereas other lesions progressed in a very delayed manner in some patients (up to 14 years after treatment). Regardless of the interval after which it occurs, tumor growth can be quite aggressive once it has begun. Conclusions Skull base meningioma growth can be aggressive after failed radiosurgery in some patients, and treatment failure can occur at long intervals following treatment. Special attention must be devoted to such significant occurrences given the increasing number of patients undergoing stereotactic radiosurgery for benign tumors, and careful extended (> 10 years) follow up must be undertaken in all patients after radiosurgery.

Lung Tumors With Neuroendocrine Morphology: Essential Radiologic and Pathologic Features

2008 ◽  
Vol 132 (7) ◽  
pp. 1055-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teri J. Franks ◽  
Jeffrey R. Galvin
Keyword(s):  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
World Health ◽  
National Library ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Distinct Subset ◽  
Pathologic Features ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Context.—Tumors with neuroendocrine morphology are a distinct subset of lung neoplasms sharing characteristic histologic, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and molecular features. Objective.—To review the current histologic classification and the diagnostic criteria for the major categories of neuroendocrine tumors of the lung. Data Sources.—Published classification systems from the World Health Organization and pertinent peer-reviewed articles indexed in PubMed (National Library of Medicine) form the basis of this review. Conclusions.—Accurate classification of the neuroendocrine tumors of the lung requires knowledge of specific criteria separating the major categories, which is essential for determining prognosis and treatment.

scholarly journals IMPORTANCE OF CLASSICAL MORPHOLOGY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e2015035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosangela Invernizzi ◽  
Federica Quaglia ◽  
Matteo Giovanni Della Porta
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
World Health ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Diagnosis And Classification ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Selection Of

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by dysplastic, ineffective, clonal and neoplastic hematopoiesis. MDS represent a complex hematological problem: differences in disease presentation, progression and outcome  have necessitated the use of classification systems to improve diagnosis, prognostication and treatment selection. However, since a single biological or genetic reliable diagnostic marker has not yet been discovered for MDS, quantitative and qualitative dysplastic morphological alterations of bone marrow precursors and of peripheral blood cells are still fundamental for diagnostic classification. In this paper World Health Organization (WHO) classification refinements and current minimal diagnostic criteria proposed by expert panels are highlighted and related problematic issues are discussed. The recommendations should facilitate diagnostic and prognostic evaluations in MDS and selection of patients for new effective targeted therapies. Although in the future morphology should be supplemented with new molecular techniques, the morphological approach, at least for the moment, is still the cornerstone for the diagnosis and classification of these disorders.

Psychotic disorders in DSM-5 and ICD-11

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Falko Biedermann ◽  
W. Wolfgang Fleischhacker
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Work Group ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
World Health ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Diagnostic Criterion

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) was published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 2013, and the Work Group on the Classification of Psychotic disorders (WGPD), installed by the World Health Organization (WHO), is expected to publish the new chapter about schizophrenia and other primary psychotic disorders in 2017. We reviewed the available literature to summarize the major changes, innovations, and developments of both manuals. If available and possible, we outline the theoretical background behind these changes. Due to the fact that the development of ICD-11 has not yet been completed, the details about ICD-11 are still proposals under ongoing revision. In this ongoing process, they may be revised and therefore have to be seen as proposals. DSM-5 has eliminated schizophrenia subtypes and replaced them with a dimensional approach based on symptom assessments. ICD-11 will most likely go in a similar direction, as both manuals are planned to be more harmonized, although some differences will remain in details and the conceptual orientation. Next to these modifications, ICD-11 will provide a transsectional diagnostic criterion for schizoaffective disorders and a reorganization of acute and transient psychotic and delusional disorders. In this manuscript, we will compare the 2 classification systems.

scholarly journals Myelodysplastic syndrome: classification and prognostic systems

2011 ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Rosangela Invernizzi ◽  
Agnese Filocco
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Information ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
World Health ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Information Classification ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Prognostic Scoring Systems

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are acquired clonal disorders of hematopoiesis, that are characterized most frequently by normocellular or hypercellular bone marrow specimens, and maturation that is morphologically and functionally dysplastic. MDS constitute a complex hematological problem: differences in disease presentation, progression and outcome have made it necessary to use classification systems to improve diagnosis, prognostication and treatment selection. On the basis of new scientific and clinical information, classification and prognostic systems have recently been updated and minimal diagnostic criteria forMDS have been proposed by expert panels. In addition, in the last few years our ability to define the prognosis of the individual patient with MDS has improved. In this paper World Health Organization (WHO) classification refinements and recent prognostic scoring systems for the definition of individual risk are highlighted and current criteria are discussed. The recommendations should facilitate diagnostic and prognostic evaluations in MDS and selection of patients for new effective targeted therapies.

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