scholarly journals Organizational and activational effects of estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 495-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen K. Silbergeld ◽  
Jodi A. Flaws ◽  
Ken M. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine Disruption ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Common Mode ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Hormone Sensitive ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Estrogenic Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals

Endocrine disruption is a hypothesis of common mode of action that may define a set of structurally varied chemicals, both natural and synthetic. Their common mode of action may suggest that they produce or contribute to similar toxic effects, although this has been difficult to demonstrate. Insights from developmental biology suggest that development of hormone sensitive systems, such as the brain and the genitourinary tract, may be particularly sensitive to EDCs. Because these systems are both organized and later activated by hormones, the brain and vagina may be valuable model systems to study the toxicity of EDCs in females and to elucidate mechanisms whereby early exposures appear to affect long term function.

scholarly journals Environmental Obesogens and Human Health

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Archisman Mahapatra ◽  
Priya Gupta ◽  
Anjali Suman ◽  
Rahul Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Endocrine Disruption ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
The World ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Obesity is an alarming public health concern that contributes to a substantially increased risk of multiple chronic disorders, including diabetes. As per WHO data, in 2016, almost 39% adult population of the world is overweight, 13% of them were obese. There is prominent evidence on the involvement of environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals, termed obesogens, in the prevalence of this growing worldwide pandemic, obesity. The exaggerated effect of obesogens on endocrine disruption, lipid metabolism and homeostasis, adipocyte functioning, impaired thermogenesis, inflammation, epigenetics, and overall human health will be covered in this chapter. This chapter will discuss the environmental obesogen hypothesis, the epidemiological and experimental evidence of obesogens, its chemical characteristics, and possible mechanism of actions. It will also focus on some recent indications of obesogens and their correlation in COVID-19 disease pathogenesis. This chapter will try to conclude with strategies for identifying the underlying mechanisms of obesogens within model systems and the human body, including future directions.

scholarly journals Epigenetics, Evolution, Endocrine Disruption, Health, and Disease

Endocrinology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 147 (6) ◽  
pp. s4-s10 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Crews ◽  
John A. McLachlan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Endocrine Disruption ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Health And Disease

Abstract Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the environment have been linked to human health and disease. This is particularly evident in compounds that mimic the effects of estrogens. Exposure to EDCs early in life can increase risk levels of compromised physical and mental health. Epigenetic mechanisms have been implicated in this process. Transgenerational consequences of EDC exposure is also discussed in both a proximate (mechanism) and ultimate (evolution) context as well as recent work suggesting how such transmission might become incorporated into the genome and subject to selection. We suggest a perspective for exploring and ultimately coming to understand diseases that may have environmental or endocrine origins.

scholarly journals Serum Persistent Organic Pollutants and Duration of Lactation among Mexican-American Women

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosana H. Weldon ◽  
Monique Webster ◽  
Kim G. Harley ◽  
Asa Bradman ◽  
Laura Fenster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Mexican American Women ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Lactation Duration ◽  
Estrogenic Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals

Background. Research suggests that estrogenic endocrine-disrupting chemicals interfere with lactation.Objectives. (1) to determine if estrogenic persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are associated with shortened lactation duration; (2) to determine whether previous breastfeeding history biases associations.Methods and Results. We measured selected organochlorines and polychlorinated biphenyls (p,p′-DDE,p,p′-DDT,o,p′-DDT,β-hexachlorocyclohexane, hexachlorobenzene, and PCBs 44, 49, 52, 118, 138, 153, and 180) in serum from 366 low-income, Mexican-American pregnant women living in an agricultural region of California and assessed breastfeeding duration by questionnaires. We found no association between DDE, DDT, or estrogenic POPs with shortened lactation duration, but rather associations for two potentially estrogenic POPs with lengthened lactation duration arose (HR [95% CI]: 0.6 [0.4, 0.8] forp,p′-DDE & 0.8 [0.6, 1.0] for PCB 52). Associations between antiestrogenic POPs (PCBs 138 and 180) and shortened lactation duration were attributed to a lactation history bias.Conclusion. Estrogenic POPs were not associated with shortened lactation duration, but may be associated with longer lactation duration.

scholarly journals Sex-Change Chemicals and their Influence on the Brain

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 681-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine A. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Developmental Abnormalities ◽  
Scientific World ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
Wildlife Populations ◽  
Natural Hormones ◽  
The Brain

The potential for man-made chemicals to mimic or antagonise natural hormones is a controversial issue, but one for which increasing amounts of evidence are being gathered worldwide. The controversy surrounds not so much the matter of whether these chemicals can mimic hormones invitro— this phenomenon has been widely accepted in the scientific world — but more whether, as a result, they can disrupt reproduction in a wildlife situation. It has, nevertheless, been acknowledged that many wildlife populations are exhibiting reproductive and/or developmental abnormalities such as intersex gonads in wild roach populations in the U.K.[1] and various reproductive disorders in alligators in Lake Apopka, Florida[2]. However, the causative agents for many of these effects are difficult to specify, due to the extensive mixtures of chemicals — each of which may act via different pathways — to which wild populations are exposed, together with the wide variability observed even in natural (uncontaminated) habitats. As a result, any information detailing fundamental mechanism of action of the so-called endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is of use in determining whether or not these chemicals, as they are present in the environment, may in fact be capable of causing some of the effects observed in wildlife over recent years.

Gestational Exposure to Common Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Their Impact on Neurodevelopment and Behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinushan Nesan ◽  
Deborah M. Kurrasch
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine Disruption ◽  
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Lactational Exposure ◽  
Gestational Exposure ◽  
Early Life Exposure ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Physiological Homeostasis ◽  
Nervous System Function

Endocrine disrupting chemicals are common in our environment and act on hormone systems and signaling pathways to alter physiological homeostasis. Gestational exposure can disrupt developmental programs, permanently altering tissues with impacts lasting into adulthood. The brain is a critical target for developmental endocrine disruption, resulting in altered neuroendocrine control of hormonal signaling, altered neurotransmitter control of nervous system function, and fundamental changes in behaviors such as learning, memory, and social interactions. Human cohort studies reveal correlations between maternal/fetal exposure to endocrine disruptors and incidence of neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we summarize the major literature findings of endocrine disruption of neurodevelopment and concomitant changes in behavior by four major endocrine disruptor classes:bisphenol A, polychlorinated biphenyls, organophosphates, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers. We specifically review studies of gestational and/or lactational exposure to understand the effects of early life exposure to these compounds and summarize animal studies that help explain human correlative data.

Engaging Undergraduates in the Scientific Process: Exploring Invertebrate Endocrine Disruption

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 410-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Layton ◽  
Jason Belden
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine Disruption ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Interest In Science ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Reproductive Study ◽  
Analyze Data

Engaging students in the process of science to increase learning and critical thinking has become a key emphasis in undergraduate education. Introducing environmental topics, such as the effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals, into undergraduate courses offers a new means to increase student engagement. Daphnia magna can serve as a model organism for endocrine disruption, and its ease of handling, rapid reproduction rate, and clearly defined endpoints make it useful in short-term, student research projects. The concept of endocrine disruption can be tested through a 21-day reproductive study of D. magna exposed to varying concentrations of the pesticide fenoxycarb. Students will observe an altered reproduction rate and increased production of males under conditions that would typically result only in the production of female offspring. This research system allows students to formulate hypotheses, set up experiments, analyze data, and present results, leading to a greater appreciation of and interest in science.

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