scholarly journals Avaliação da expressão da caspase-3 no adenocarcinoma colorretal através de um sistema computadorizado de análise de imagem

Author(s):  
Monres José Gomes ◽  
Jurandir Marcondes Ribas-Filho ◽  
Osvaldo Malafaia ◽  
Nicolau Gregori Czeczko ◽  
Carmen Australia Paredes Marcondes Ribas ◽  
...  

RACIONAL: O câncer colorretal é uma das causas mais comum de mortes por neoplasias malignas no mundo ocidental, sendo que o adenocarcinoma colorretal representa mais de 90% dos tumores malignos que acometem o intestino grosso. A cisteíno-protease caspase-3, uma das mais participantes enzimas do processo apoptótico, pode ser utilizado como marcador tumoral. OBJETIVO: Identificar e quantificar a expressão da caspase-3 em amostras de adenocarcinomas colorretais através de um sistema computadorizado de análise de imagem, bem como correlacionar a expressão deste marcador. MÉTODOS: Foi estudada por imunoistoquímica a proteína caspase-3 em 55 amostras de adenocarcinoma colorretal parafinizadas. Para analisar os tecidos imunomarcados, o sistema SAMBA 4000 foi utilizado. Avaliaram-se as lâminas com o programa IMMUNO 4.00 através da leitura de 8 a 10 campos, determinando-se dois parâmetros: índice de marcagem (LI, Labeling Index) que descreve a porcentagem de área tecidual especificamente marcada pela prova imunoistoquímica, e a densidade óptica média (MOD, Mean Optical Density), a qual representa a intensidade de coloração do tecido medida por pixels positivos. Para a análise estatística, utilizou-se o teste t-Student e o coeficiente de Pearson para verificar a existência de correlação entre índice de marcagem e a densidade óptica média do mesmo marcador. RESULTADOS: Todas as amostras estudadas apresentaram positividade à caspase-3 (LI médio: 85,24% ± 8,71% de células positivas). Houve correlação estatisticamente significante entre o índice de marcagem e a densidade óptica média deste marcador. CONCLUSÃO: A intensidade da expressão de caspase-3 e o número de células expressando este marcador correlacionam-se positiva e significantemente.

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Jolly ◽  
N Singh ◽  
M Rathore ◽  
S Tandon ◽  
S Sharma

The present study evaluated the inflammatory/irritant potential of propolis in comparison with commonly used intracanal irrigants such as chlorhexidine and calcium hydroxide, with normal saline solution as control using an animal (Wistar rats) model. Method: 2% Evans blue was intravenously injected into the lateral caudal vein. 0.1 ml each of the test solutions was intradermally injected into the experimental sites designed on their shaved backs. The animals were then sacrificed after 1½ and 3 hours respectively. Each piece of skin containing the injected solution was excised, immersed in 4ml formamide and incubated at 45°C for 72 hours. After filtration with glass wool, optical density(OD) was measured using a spectro-photometer and analyzed statistically. Results: At 620 nm irrespective of time, the mean optical density with Calcium Hydroxide was found to be maximum (0.197±0.095) while that with DMSO Propolis was found to be minimum (0.070±0.016). Both at 90 min and 180 min, the mean optical density with Calcium Hydroxide was found to be maximum. Conclusions: On short term evaluation, maximum inflammation was seen with calcium hydroxide followed by chlorhexidine and DMSO extract of propolis. Minimum inflammation was seen with sterile physiologic saline. With progress of time, maximum inflammation was seen with calcium hydroxide followed by chlorhexidine and DMSO extract of propolis which was non-significant.


Author(s):  
В.Е. Маркова ◽  
Д.К. Шишкова ◽  
А.Г. Кутихин

Актуальность. Формирующиеся при перенасыщении крови ионами кальция и фосфора и циркулирующие в кровотоке кальций-фосфатные бионы (КФБ) вызывают дисфункцию эндотелия вследствие гибели части артериальных эндотелиальных клеток (ЭК). Цель исследования. Оценить типы гибели первичных артериальных ЭК человека под воздействием физиологических и супрафизиологических концентраций сферических КФБ (СКФБ) и игольчатых КФБ (ИКФБ). Материалы и методы. К конфлюэнтным культурам первичных ЭК коронарной и внутренней грудной артерии человека в 96-луночных планшетах были добавлены равные объемы (10 мкл на лунку) суспензий СКФБ и ИКФБ с оптической плотностью 0,08-0,10 (физиологическая концентрация) или 0,42-0,45 (супрафизиологическая концентрация) на длине волны 650 нм. Во всех экспериментальных группах также производилось селективное ингибирование каспазы-3 (Z-D(OMe)E(OMe)VD(OMe)-FMK, 100 мкмоль/л) или ингибирование всех каспаз (Z-VAD(OMe)-FMK, 100 мкмоль/л) для оценки типа клеточной гибели (регулируемая или моментальная). Жизнеспособность клеток определялась посредством последовательного колориметрического определения их метаболической активности через 4, 24 и 48 часов после добавления КФБ. Результаты. При добавлении супрафизиологических концентраций КФБ уже на первой временной точке большинство (60-85%) эндотелиальных клеток погибало вне зависимости от типа добавленных КФБ и воздействия ингибиторов каспаз, при этом через 24 и 48 часов экспозиции ингибиторы каспаз оказывали некоторое цитопротективное действие на незначительное количество выживших клеток. При добавлении физиологических концентраций КФБ ингибиторы каспаз оказывали выраженное цитопротективное действие через 24 и 48 часов экспозиции, при этом ИКФБ демонстрировали существенно более высокую токсичность для ЭК в сравнении с СКФБ. Независимо от временной точки пан-каспазный ингибитор оказывал значительно более выраженное цитопротективное действие по сравнению с селективным ингибитором каспазы-3, что свидетельствует о кумулятивном эффекте ингибирования каспаз, возникающем, вероятно, вследствие запуска внутреннего пути апоптоза. Заключение. В супрафизиологических концентрациях КФБ вызывают моментальную гибель абсолютного большинства ЭК, однако в физиологических концентрациях ингибиторы каспаз существенно повышают выживаемость ЭК, что свидетельствует о регулируемом направлении их клеточной гибели. Дальнейшие исследования в этом направлении должны расшифровать молекулярные пути регулируемой клеточной гибели ЭК под воздействием физиологических концентраций КФБ. Background. Calcium phosphate bions (CPB) formed and circulating in the blood at its supersaturation with calcium and phosphate provoke endothelial dysfunction by causing the demise of arterial endothelial cells (ECs). Aim. To examine cell death subroutines of human primary arterial ECs exposed to physiological and supraphysiological concentrations of spherical CPB (CPB-S) and needle-shaped CPB (CPB-N). Materials and methods. Equal volumes (10 μL) of CPB-S and CPB-N at physiological concentration (optical density at 650 nm wavelength = 0.08-0.10) or supraphysiological amounts (optical density at 650 nm wavelength = 0.42-0.45) were added to the confluent primary human coronary artery and internal thoracic artery ECs cultured in 96-well plates. In all experimental groups, we selectively inhibited caspase-3 by adding Z-D(OMe)E(OMe)VD(OMe)-FMK (100 μmol/L) or all caspases (Z-VAD(OMe)-FMK, 100 μmol/L) to assess whether the CPB-induced cell death is regulated or accidental. Cell viability was evaluated by sequential colorimetric determination of metabolic activity at 4, 24, and 48 hours of incubation with CPB. Results. At supraphysiological CPB concentrations, the majority (60-85%) of ECs died regardless of CPB type and caspase inhibitors, albeit at 24- and 48-hour time points the latter had minor cytoprotective action. However at physiological CPB levels, caspase inhibitors rescued a considerable proportion of ECs after 24 or 48 hours of exposure, and CPB-N had significantly higher toxicity than CPB-S. Regardless of the time point, the cytoprotective effect of the pan-caspase inhibitor was significantly higher than that of the selective caspase-3 inhibitor indicating a cumulative caspase inhibition and suggesting that cell death was precipitated by an intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Conclusion. At supraphysiological concentrations, CPB cause instant cell death; yet at physiological amounts, caspase inhibitors rescue the majority of ECs testifying to the regulated cell death. Further studies in this field should decipher the molecular pathways of CPB-induced regulated cell death of ECs.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Hee Shin ◽  
SeongHyun Park ◽  
Hansang Cho ◽  
Joo Han Kim ◽  
Hyuk Choi

Abstract Adipokine human Resistin (hResistin), is known to be associated with insulin resistance and secrete low-grade pro-inflammatory cytokines in obesity. Although studies on low-grade inflammation of adipokine hResistin are known, studies on the effects and mechanisms of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) are still lacking. Thus, we investigated the adipokine hResistin with or without pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β in intervertebral disc (IVD) cells such as human annulus fibrosus (hAF) and nucleus pulposus (hNP). The mean optical density changes in IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-13, induced by the combined-hResistin and IL-1β stimulation on hAF cells, was significantly greater than that of the same induced by mono-IL-1β stimulation. Similarly, in the case of the mean optical density change of inflammatory mediators induced by the combined-hResistin and IL-1β stimulation on hNP cells was also significantly greater than that of the same induced by mono-IL-1β stimulation. These results improve understanding of hResistin on inflammatory IVDD but also with other obesity-related inflammatory diseases.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haobo Fan ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Xiuping Tang ◽  
Liyuan Yang ◽  
Weiqi Song ◽  
...  

Abstract Purpose The present study compared the expression of early growth responsive gene-1 (Egr-1) in visual cortex between amblyopia kittens and normal kittens, and to explore the role of Egr-1 in the pathogenesis of amblyopia. Methods A total of 20 healthy kittens were randomly divided into deprivation group and control group with 10 kittens in each group. Raised in natural light, and cover the right eye of the deprived kittens with a black opaque covering cloth. Pattern visual evoked potentials (PVEP) were measured before and at the 1st, 3rd and 5th week after covering in all kittens. After the last PVEP test, all kittens were killed. The expression of Egr-1 in the visual cortex of the two groups was compared by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Results PVEP detection showed that at age of 6 and 8 weeks, the P100 wave latency in the right eye of deprivation group was higher than that in the left eye of deprivation group (P < 0.05) and the right eye of control group (P < 0.05), while the amplitude decreased (P < 0.05). The number of positive cells (P < 0.05) and mean optical density (P < 0.05) of Egr-1 protein expression in visual cortex of 8-week-old deprivation group were lower than those of normal group, as well as the number (P < 0.05) and mean optical density of Egr-1 mRNA-positive cells (P < 0.05). Conclusions Monocular form deprivation amblyopia can lead to the decrease of Egr-1 protein and mRNA expression in visual cortex, and then promote the occurrence and development of amblyopia.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haobo Fan ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Xiuping Tang ◽  
Liyuan Yang ◽  
Weiqi Song ◽  
...  

Abstract Purpose The present study compared the expression of early growth responsive gene-1 (Egr-1) in visual cortex between amblyopia kittens and normal kittens, and to explore the role of Egr-1 in the pathogenesis of amblyopia. Methods A total of 20 healthy kittens were randomly divided into deprivation group and control group with 10 kittens in each group. Raised in natural light, and covered the right eye of the deprived kittens with a black opaque covering cloth. Pattern visual evoked potentials (PVEP) were measured before and at the 1st, 3rd and 5th week after covering in all kittens. After the last PVEP test, all kittens were killed. The expression of Egr-1 in the visual cortex of the two groups was compared by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Results PVEP detection showed that at the age of 6 and 8 weeks, the P100 wave latency in the right eye of deprivation group was higher than that in the left eye of deprivation group (P < 0.05) and the right eye of control group (P < 0.05), while the amplitude decreased (P < 0.05). The number of positive cells (P < 0.05) and mean optical density (P < 0.05) of Egr-1 protein expression in visual cortex of 8-week-old deprivation group were lower than those of normal group, as well as the number (P < 0.05) and mean optical density of Egr-1 mRNA-positive cells (P < 0.05). Conclusions Monocular form deprivation amblyopia can lead to the decrease of Egr-1 protein and mRNA expression in visual cortex, and then promote the occurrence and development of amblyopia.


2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valéria Marçal Felix de Lima ◽  
Luciane Biazzono ◽  
Ana Cláudia Silva ◽  
Ana Paula Ferreira Lopes Correa ◽  
Maria Cecília Rui Luvizotto

A rapid indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for measuring antibodies against Leishmania chagasi using total antigen from lysed promastigotes. Fifty symptomatic mixed breed dogs from a region of high incidence of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil were examined. The results showed that in the positive animals, diagnosed by cytological examination, the ELISA using protein A assay system (mean optical density ± SD / 2.078 ± 0.631) detected more antibodies than the anti-IgG assay (mean optical density ± SD / 1.008 ± 0.437), while in the negative animals, the results by both systems were similar. These results suggest that the ELISA assay using protein A peroxidase conjugated could be useful to detect early infected animals in endemic areas, and thus help to control the spread of the infection.


2002 ◽  
pp. 759-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Peri ◽  
P Luciani ◽  
M Tonacchera ◽  
P Agretti ◽  
S Baglioni-Peri ◽  
...  

OBJECTIVE: The pathogenesis of thyroid hyperfunctioning adenomas is still only partially understood and controversy exists about the frequency of gain-of-function mutations of the TSH receptor or G(s)alpha gene, which activate the cAMP pathway. The nuclear transcription factors cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB) and inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER) are among the final targets of this signalling cascade. DESIGN: In our study we focused on the expression of CREB and ICER genes in the nodular as well as in the extranodular tissue of hyperfunctioning tumours of the thyroid. METHODS: RT-PCR and Western blot analysis were performed in a series of 14 patients. The presence of an activating mutation of the TSH receptor or of the G(s)alpha gene was ascertained by direct sequencing. RESULTS: The levels of CREB transcripts did not significantly differ in the adenomas and in the normal tissues (CREB/GAPDH, mean optical density+/-s.e.: 0.98+/-0.18 vs 0.88+/-0.27 respectively, P = not significant (N.S.)), although case-to-case variability was observed. The absence of a significant difference between the adenoma and the surrounding normal tissue was maintained after dividing the patients into two groups, according to TSH receptor status. Accordingly, no significant difference in the levels of CREB protein (total and Ser(133)-phosphorylated) was observed between the nodular and the extranodular tissue. In addition, no difference was found in the levels of ICER transcripts (ICER/GAPDH, mean optical density+/-s.e.: 0.52+/-0.11, nodule vs 0.36+/-0.11, normal thyroid, P=N.S.), independently of the TSH receptor gene status (i.e. wild-type or mutated). CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the recent hypothesis that the activation of the cAMP pathway in hyperfunctioning adenomas of the thyroid might be counteracted by opposite events and suggest that complex molecular mechanisms might take part in the pathogenesis of hyperfunctioning tumours.


Author(s):  
James R. Kremer ◽  
Paul S. Furcinitti ◽  
Eileen O’Toole ◽  
J. Richard McIntosh

Characteristics of electron microscope film emulsions, such as the speed, the modulation transfer function, and the exposure dependence of the noise power spectrum, have been studied for electron energies (80-100keV) used in conventional transmission microscopy. However, limited information is available for electron energies in the intermediate to high voltage range, 300-1000keV. Furthermore, emulsion characteristics, such as optical density versus exposure, for new or improved emulsions are usually only quoted by film manufacturers for 80keV electrons. The need for further film emulsion studies at higher voltages becomes apparent when searching for a film to record low dose images of radiation sensitive biological specimens in the frozen hydrated state. Here, we report the optical density, speed and relative resolution of a few of the more popular electron microscope films after exposure to 1MeV electrons.Three electron microscope films, Kodak S0-163, Kodak 4489, and Agfa Scientia 23D56 were tested with a JEOLJEM-1000 electron microscope operating at an accelerating voltage of 1000keV.


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