scholarly journals Rates of calcium, yield and quality of snap bean

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 616-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Palma Favaro ◽  
José Antônio Braga Neto ◽  
Hideaki Wilson Takahashi ◽  
Édison Miglioranza ◽  
Elza Iouko Ida
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Apical Region ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Bean Cultivar ◽  
Snap Beans ◽  
Young Leaves

Calcium ions (Ca) play an important role in many biochemical processes, delaying senescence and controlling physiological disorders in fruits and vegetables. The objective of this experiment was to analyze the effect of increasing calcium concentrations in snap beans. Snap bean cultivar UEL 1 was sown in sand containing 80 mg L-1 of calcium supplemented with nutrient solution, plus calcium at different contents: 0, 75, 150 and 300 mg L-1. Ca was mainly recovered in the shoots, followed by roots and pods. Calcium concentrations in the pods were 130, 259, 349 and 515 mg 100 g-1dry matter on a dry weight basis, in relation to the enhancement of calcium contents in the nutrient solution, respectively. A negative relationship between nitrogen content in the pods and calcium concentration in the nutrient solution was observed. Pods from plants grown in a solution without Ca presented necrosis in their apical region. Dieback of roots, shoots and young leaves also occurred under low calcium supply. Dry matter of pods, roots and shoots, number of pods per plant, pod weight and pod length increased proportionally to calcium concentration in solution. Increasing rates of calcium improved biomass production in snap bean cultivar UEL 1.

scholarly journals Comparison of Pod Calcium Concentration between Two Snap Bean Populations

1999 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Quintana ◽  
H.C. Harrison ◽  
J. Nienhuis ◽  
J.P. Palta ◽  
K. Kmiecik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Snap Beans ◽  
Sieve Size ◽  
Genotype Interaction ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Proper Comparison

To understand the genetics that control pod Ca concentration in snap beans, two snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) populations consisting of 60 genotypes, plus 4 commercial cultivars used as checks, were evaluated during Summers 1995 and 1996 at Hancock, Wis. These populations were CA2 (`Evergreen' × `Top Crop') and CA3 (`Evergreen' × `Slimgreen'). The experimental design was an 8×8 double lattice repeated each year. No Ca was added to the plants grown in a sandy loam soil with 1% organic matter and an average of 540 ppm Ca. To ensure proper comparison for pod Ca concentration among cultivars, only commercial sieve size no. 4 pods (a premium grade, 8.3 to 9.5 mm in diameter) were sampled and used for Ca extractions. After Ca was extracted, readings for Ca concentration were done via atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In both populations, genotypes and years differed for pod Ca concentration (P = 0.001). Several snap bean genotypes showed pod Ca concentrations higher than the best of the checks. Overall mean pod Ca concentration ranged from a low of 3.82 to a high of 6.80 mg·g-1 dry weight. No differences were detected between the populations. Significant year×genotype interaction was observed in CA2 (P = 0.1), but was not present in CA3. Population variances proved to be homogeneous. Heritability for pod Ca concentration ranged from 0.48 (CA2) to 0.50 (CA3). Evidently enhancement of pod Ca concentration in beans can successfully be accomplished through plant breeding.

scholarly journals An Evaluation for Pod Calcium Concentration between Eight Commercial Cultivars of Snap Beans and Eight of Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 523D-523
Author(s):  
Juan M. Quintana ◽  
Helen C. Harrison ◽  
James Nienhuis ◽  
Jiwan P. Palta
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Dry Beans ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Snap Beans ◽  
Pooled Sample

We have previously observed significant variation for pod Ca concentration among snap bean genotypes. In the present experiment, we compare pod Ca concentration between snap bean and dry bean genotypes. Eight snap bean cultivars and eight dry bean cultivars were chosen to be evaluated for pod Ca concentration in summers of 1995 and 1996 at Hancock, Wis. The experimental design consisted in randomized complete blocks with three replications in 1995 and six in 1996. Snap and dry beans were planted in June and hand-harvested in August for both experiments. Soil analysis showed 430 ppm of Ca in soil at time of planting. No additional Ca was applied. Plots consisted of 10 plants each. Harvesting was made by collecting a pooled sample of medium size pods from the 10 plants. Ca determinations were made using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Data was presented as mg of Ca per gram of dry weight, pooled from both years, and analyzed using SAS. Results reflected significant differences between genotypes. Checkmate (5.5) showed the highest pod calcium concentrations and Labrador (3.9) the lowest among snap beans. G0122 (5.1) resulted in the highest and Porrillo (3.6) the lowest within dry beans Results were consistent across years. Snap beans (4.6) presented significantly higher pod calcium concentration than dry beans (4.2). Apparently, snap bean genotypes have the ability to absorb calcium from the soil more efficiently than dry bean genotypes, and this phenomenon is not significantly influenced by environmental factors.

scholarly journals Variation for Calcium Concentration among 64 Genotypes of Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 797B-797
Author(s):  
Juan M. Quintana ◽  
Helen C. Harrison ◽  
James Nienhuis
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Snap Beans

Calcium is an essential element for human nutrition. The lack of it causes various problems, such as osteoporosis. Snap beans rank as good sources of calcium among vegetables and are well-liked by most teenagers. In this study, pod yield and Ca concentration were analyzed for 64 genotypes of snap beans, plus four checks. The experimental design was a 8 x 8 double lattice, repeated at two locations (Arlington and Hancock, Wis.). Snap beans were planted in June 1993 and machine-harvested 67 days later, in Aug. 1993. Calcium analyses were made using an Atomic Absorption Spectometer. Results indicated significant differences for pod Ca concentration and yield. Pod size and Ca concentration showed a strong negative correlation (R = 89.5). Clear differences among the locations were also observed. Results were consistent—high-Ca genotypes remained high regardless of location or pod size. Selected genotypes appeared to have the ability to absorb Ca easier than others, but this factor was not related to yield.

scholarly journals Influence of Whole-plant Net Calcium Influx and Partitioning on Calcium Concentration in Snap Bean Pods

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (4) ◽  
pp. 656-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Grusak ◽  
Brian W. Stephens ◽  
Donald J. Merhaut
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Influx ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Calcium Flux ◽  
Flux Analysis ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Snap Beans ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Pod Growth

Snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are a food source that can contribute to dietary Ca requirements in humans. Factors which might enhance the concentration of Ca in snap bean pods have been investigated by measuring whole-plant net Ca influx, whole-plant Ca partitioning, and various growth parameters in two snap bean cultivars—Hystyle and Labrador—that differ in pod Ca concentration. Plants were grown hydroponically under controlled environmental conditions while being provided adequate quantities of Ca. The concentration of Ca in pods (dry weight basis) was 52% higher in `Hystyle', relative to `Labrador', but net Ca influx throughout crop development or total plant Ca content at three stages of development were similar in both cultivars, demonstrating that pod Ca concentration differences were not due to differences in total plant Ca influx. However, `Hystyle' partitioned more total plant Ca to pods, relative to `Labrador'. Calcium flux analysis also revealed that daily rates of whole-plant net Ca influx gradually declined throughout the period of pod growth in both cultivars; this decline was not related to whole-plant water influx. These results suggest that enhancements in whole-plant net Ca influx during pod growth and/or enhancements in the xylem transport of absorbed Ca to developing pods could increase the Ca concentration of snap bean pods.

scholarly journals Nitrogen assimilation and nitrate reductase activity in tomato seedlings. II. Effect of increasing calcium doses in the presence of high magnesium concentrations on nitrate reduction and protein content

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-283
Author(s):  
A. Suder-Moraw ◽  
J. Buczek
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen Assimilation ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Excessive Accumulation

A 3:30 Ca:Mg ratio in the nutrient solution produces in tomato seedlings symptoms of Ca<sup>2+</sup> deficit owing to excessive accumulation of Mg<sup>2+</sup> ions and the depressed Ca<sup>2+</sup> accumulation. As a result of this a decrease in dry weight increment and protein content is observed together with inhibition of nitrate reductase activity. A doubled Ca<sup>2+</sup> dose in the nutrient solution, that is a change in the Ca:Mg ratio to 6:30 abolishes the external symptoms of Ca<sup>2+</sup> deficit and reduces Mg<sup>2+</sup> accumulation, that of Ca<sup>2+</sup> ions remaining unchanged. At the same time an enhanced activity of nitrate reductase appears, reaching values close to those in control plants. Tomato seedlings grown on a 3-fold increased Ca<sup>2+</sup> dose (Ca:Mg = 9:30) did not differ at all from the control ones. An in-crease in calcium concentration in the nutrient solution, the high magnesium dose remaining unchanged, causes enhanced K<sup>+</sup> accumulation, and this may affect nitrate absorption and reduction. It would seem that Ca<sup>2+</sup> deficit in plant tissues induced by excessive Mg<sup>2+</sup> accumulation with unsuitable Ca:Mg ratio in the nutrient solution in cause of disorders in NO<sub>3</sub> nitrogen assimilation.

Inheritance of Pod Calcium Concentration in Snap Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 528b-528
Author(s):  
J.M. Quintana ◽  
H.C. Harrison ◽  
J. Nienhuis ◽  
J.P. Palta ◽  
K. Kmiecik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Variance Components ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Snap Beans ◽  
Size Number ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Proper Comparison ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Two Populations

Significant variation for pod Ca concentration among snap bean genotypes was previously observed. To evaluate and better understand the genetics that control calcium concentration of pods in snap bean, two populations of snap beans were evaluated during the summers of 1995 and 1996 at Hancock, Wis. These populations were Ca2 (`Top Crop' × `Evergreen') and Ca3 (`Slimgreen' × `Evergreen'), therefore forming a half-sib structure. The experimental design used in this experiment was an 8 × 8 double lattice repeated each year. No calcium was added to the plants, which were grown in a sandy loam soil with 1% organic matter and 600 ppm Ca. To ensure proper comparison for pod calcium concentration among cultivars, only commercial sieve size number 4 pods (a premium grade, 8.3 to 9.5 mm in diameter) were sampled and used for calcium extractions. After calcium was extracted, readings for calcium concentration of extracts were made using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Statistical analyses resulted in distinct differences among genotypes and between years for pod calcium concentration (P = 0.01) in both populations. No significant year × genotype interactions were observed. To assess the power of selection for pod calcium concentration in snap beans, variance components and heritabilities are estimated and discussed.

scholarly journals Snap Bean Plant Responses to Zinc Sulfate and Manganese Sulfate Fertilization on Tile-drained Calcareous Glacial Till Soils

1990 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 540-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
George E. MacDonald ◽  
Nathan H. Peck ◽  
John Barnard
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Sulfate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Manganese Sulfate ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Leaf Analysis ◽  
Snap Beans ◽  
Blue Lake ◽  
Bean Plants

Effects of lateral movement of soil from tile lines based on soil and plant analysis, plus the effects of applications of ZnSO4 and MnSO4 on the concentrations of Zn, Mn, and other elements in the leaf blades of snap bean plants (Phaseolu vulgaris, var. humilis cv. Bush Blue Lake-47) and on the yield of snap bean pods at harvest were determined. Snap beans were grown across the tile lines and fertilized with five rates of ZnSO4 and MnSO4 fertilizers applied in a band at planting time. The soil decreased in pH and Ca and Mn content and increased in organic matter and Zn with distance from the tile lines. The leaf blades decreased in concentration of Ca and increased in concentrations of Mg, Zn, and Mn with distance from the tile lines. High rates of Zn and Mn fertilizers were required to obtain medium concentrations of Zn and Mn in plants grown over or near the tile lines. Concentrations of 24 to 30 μg of Zn per gram dry weight and 60 to 90 μg of Mn per gram dry weight in the leaf blades of the snap bean plants were adequate for highest yield of pods. Zinc sulfate at a rate of 0.5 to 0.7 g of Zn/m2 produced the highest yield of pods at a distance of 3 m from the tile lines. Applied together, ZnSO4 and MnSO4 produced a yield response similar to application of only ZnSO4. Twenty years after installation of the tile lines, the effects of the tile lines on soil and leaf analysis and yield of pods of snap beans plants extended 2 to 3 m in each direction from the tile lines, indicating that the soil moved laterally.

scholarly journals Changes in Sugar Concentrations of Seed and Pod Tissue During Development in Snap and Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 1692-1697
Author(s):  
Wesley Gartner ◽  
Paul C. Bethke ◽  
Theodore J. Kisha ◽  
James Nienhuis
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Bean Cultivar ◽  
Snap Beans ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Sugars, including glucose, fructose, and sucrose, contribute significantly to the flavor and consumer acceptance of snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Sugar accumulation and changes in sugar profiles during snap bean development contribute to overall assessments of quality for breeding lines and cultivars. Developing fruit from a diverse group of four snap bean cultivars containing Andean germplasm and one Mesoamerican dry bean cultivar were sampled at 5-day intervals from 10 to 30 days after flowering over 2 years. Glucose, fructose, and sucrose in pod and seed tissue was quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography. Percent seed mass relative to pod mass increased with days after flowering, but the rate of increase was heterogeneous among cultivars. Significant differences in sugar accumulation patterns of mono- and disaccharides were observed with time of development and between pods and seeds. Glucose and fructose decreased rapidly in pods and seeds with time after flowering. In contrast, sucrose concentration increased in pod tissue but remained constant in seeds of the snap bean cultivars with time after flowering. The patterns of changes in pod and seed sugar concentrations with time after flowering were similar among all snap bean cultivars. In contrast to the snap beans, seed sucrose increased with time after flowering in the Mesoamerican dry bean cultivar Puebla 152. No year by day after flowering interactions were observed for sugar accumulation patterns or sugar concentrations. Younger snap beans had the highest sweetness index based on observed sugar concentrations, percent seed mass, and perception of relative sweetness by the human palate. Although mean sweetness varied between cultivars, the rate of decrease in sweetness with time was the same for all five cultivars. These findings indicate that variation for sweetness exists in snap beans and can be exploited by breeding to develop cultivars with a potentially more desirable, sweet flavor.

scholarly journals Differences in Pod Calcium Concentration for Eight Snap Bean and Dry Bean Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 932-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Quintana ◽  
H.C. Harrison ◽  
J. Nienhuis ◽  
J.P. Palta ◽  
K. Kmiecik
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Dry Beans ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Snap Beans ◽  
Year Effect ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

This study was designed to compare snap and dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) for pod Ca concentration, and to identify genetic resources that might be useful in breeding programs directed to increase Ca concentration in bean pods. Pods from eight snap bean and eight dry bean cultivars were evaluated for Ca concentration during 1995 and 1996 at Hancock, Wis. A randomized complete-block design was utilized with three replications in 1995 and six in 1996. Beans were planted in June and hand-harvested in August for both experiments. Soil Ca at planting time was 580 mg·kg–1 in 1995 and 500 mg·kg–1 in 1996. No additional Ca was added. Plots consisted of 10 plants each. At harvest, a pooled sample of 10 to 15 size no. 4 pods was collected from each plot. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used to determine Ca content. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.01) were detected among and within bean types (dry and snap). Although bean type × year interaction was nonsignificant, a strong year effect was observed (P ≤ 0.01). Snap beans (4.6 ± 0.7 mg·g–1 dry weight) had significantly higher pod Ca concentration than did dry beans (4.2 ± 0.6 mg·g–1 dry weight). Within snap beans, `Checkmate' had the highest pod Ca concentration (5.5 ± 0.3 mg·g–1 dry weight) and `Nelson' the lowest (3.8 ± 0.3 mg·g–1 dry weight). Within dry beans, `GO122' had the highest (5.1 ± 0.4 mg·g–1 dry weight) and `Porrillo 70' the lowest pod Ca concentration (3.6 ± 0.3 mg·g–1 dry weight). Six cultivars had pod Ca concentrations significantly (P ≤ 0.01) higher than the overall mean (4.4 ± 0.3 mg·g–1 dry weight).

scholarly journals Variation in Calcium Concentration among Sixty S1 Families and Four Cultivars of Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 789-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan M. Quintana ◽  
Helen C. Harrison ◽  
James Nienhuis ◽  
Jiwan P. Palta ◽  
Michael A. Grusak
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Snap Beans ◽  
Nutritional Potential

To assess nutritional potential, pod yield, and Ca concentration of pods and foliage were determined for a snap bean population, which included sixty S1 families plus four commercial varieties. The experimental design was an 8 × 8 double lattice, repeated at two locations (Arlington and Hancock, Wis.). Snap beans were planted in June 1993 and machine harvested in August 1993. Calcium analyses were made using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Significant differences were detected in pod Ca concentration and yield among the S1 families. Pod size and Ca concentration were inversely correlated (R2 = 0.88). Distinct differences between the locations were not observed, and higher Ca genotypes remained high regardless of location or pod size. Low correlation (R2 = 0.21) between pod and leaf Ca concentration was found. Pods of certain genotypes appeared to have the ability to import Ca more efficiently than others, but this factor was not related to yield.

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