Comparison of Pod Calcium Concentration between Two Snap Bean Populations

To understand the genetics that control pod Ca concentration in snap beans, two snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) populations consisting of 60 genotypes, plus 4 commercial cultivars used as checks, were evaluated during Summers 1995 and 1996 at Hancock, Wis. These populations were CA2 (`Evergreen' × `Top Crop') and CA3 (`Evergreen' × `Slimgreen'). The experimental design was an 8×8 double lattice repeated each year. No Ca was added to the plants grown in a sandy loam soil with 1% organic matter and an average of 540 ppm Ca. To ensure proper comparison for pod Ca concentration among cultivars, only commercial sieve size no. 4 pods (a premium grade, 8.3 to 9.5 mm in diameter) were sampled and used for Ca extractions. After Ca was extracted, readings for Ca concentration were done via atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In both populations, genotypes and years differed for pod Ca concentration (P = 0.001). Several snap bean genotypes showed pod Ca concentrations higher than the best of the checks. Overall mean pod Ca concentration ranged from a low of 3.82 to a high of 6.80 mg·g-1 dry weight. No differences were detected between the populations. Significant year×genotype interaction was observed in CA2 (P = 0.1), but was not present in CA3. Population variances proved to be homogeneous. Heritability for pod Ca concentration ranged from 0.48 (CA2) to 0.50 (CA3). Evidently enhancement of pod Ca concentration in beans can successfully be accomplished through plant breeding.

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Inheritance of Pod Calcium Concentration in Snap Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.3.528b ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 528b-528

Author(s):

J.M. Quintana ◽

H.C. Harrison ◽

J. Nienhuis ◽

J.P. Palta ◽

K. Kmiecik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Variance Components ◽

Calcium Concentration ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Snap Bean ◽

Snap Beans ◽

Size Number ◽

Loam Soil ◽

Proper Comparison ◽

Selection For ◽

Two Populations

Significant variation for pod Ca concentration among snap bean genotypes was previously observed. To evaluate and better understand the genetics that control calcium concentration of pods in snap bean, two populations of snap beans were evaluated during the summers of 1995 and 1996 at Hancock, Wis. These populations were Ca2 (`Top Crop' × `Evergreen') and Ca3 (`Slimgreen' × `Evergreen'), therefore forming a half-sib structure. The experimental design used in this experiment was an 8 × 8 double lattice repeated each year. No calcium was added to the plants, which were grown in a sandy loam soil with 1% organic matter and 600 ppm Ca. To ensure proper comparison for pod calcium concentration among cultivars, only commercial sieve size number 4 pods (a premium grade, 8.3 to 9.5 mm in diameter) were sampled and used for calcium extractions. After calcium was extracted, readings for calcium concentration of extracts were made using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Statistical analyses resulted in distinct differences among genotypes and between years for pod calcium concentration (P = 0.01) in both populations. No significant year × genotype interactions were observed. To assess the power of selection for pod calcium concentration in snap beans, variance components and heritabilities are estimated and discussed.

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Rates of calcium, yield and quality of snap bean

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162007000600009 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 64 (6) ◽

pp. 616-620 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Simone Palma Favaro ◽

José Antônio Braga Neto ◽

Hideaki Wilson Takahashi ◽

Édison Miglioranza ◽

Elza Iouko Ida

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Solution ◽

Calcium Concentration ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Apical Region ◽

Snap Bean ◽

Bean Cultivar ◽

Snap Beans ◽

Young Leaves

Calcium ions (Ca) play an important role in many biochemical processes, delaying senescence and controlling physiological disorders in fruits and vegetables. The objective of this experiment was to analyze the effect of increasing calcium concentrations in snap beans. Snap bean cultivar UEL 1 was sown in sand containing 80 mg L-1 of calcium supplemented with nutrient solution, plus calcium at different contents: 0, 75, 150 and 300 mg L-1. Ca was mainly recovered in the shoots, followed by roots and pods. Calcium concentrations in the pods were 130, 259, 349 and 515 mg 100 g-1dry matter on a dry weight basis, in relation to the enhancement of calcium contents in the nutrient solution, respectively. A negative relationship between nitrogen content in the pods and calcium concentration in the nutrient solution was observed. Pods from plants grown in a solution without Ca presented necrosis in their apical region. Dieback of roots, shoots and young leaves also occurred under low calcium supply. Dry matter of pods, roots and shoots, number of pods per plant, pod weight and pod length increased proportionally to calcium concentration in solution. Increasing rates of calcium improved biomass production in snap bean cultivar UEL 1.

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Differences in Pod Calcium Concentration for Eight Snap Bean and Dry Bean Cultivars

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.34.5.932 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 34 (5) ◽

pp. 932-934 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J.M. Quintana ◽

H.C. Harrison ◽

J. Nienhuis ◽

J.P. Palta ◽

K. Kmiecik

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽

Dry Beans ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Dry Bean ◽

Snap Bean ◽

Snap Beans ◽

Year Effect ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design

This study was designed to compare snap and dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) for pod Ca concentration, and to identify genetic resources that might be useful in breeding programs directed to increase Ca concentration in bean pods. Pods from eight snap bean and eight dry bean cultivars were evaluated for Ca concentration during 1995 and 1996 at Hancock, Wis. A randomized complete-block design was utilized with three replications in 1995 and six in 1996. Beans were planted in June and hand-harvested in August for both experiments. Soil Ca at planting time was 580 mg·kg–1 in 1995 and 500 mg·kg–1 in 1996. No additional Ca was added. Plots consisted of 10 plants each. At harvest, a pooled sample of 10 to 15 size no. 4 pods was collected from each plot. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used to determine Ca content. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.01) were detected among and within bean types (dry and snap). Although bean type × year interaction was nonsignificant, a strong year effect was observed (P ≤ 0.01). Snap beans (4.6 ± 0.7 mg·g–1 dry weight) had significantly higher pod Ca concentration than did dry beans (4.2 ± 0.6 mg·g–1 dry weight). Within snap beans, `Checkmate' had the highest pod Ca concentration (5.5 ± 0.3 mg·g–1 dry weight) and `Nelson' the lowest (3.8 ± 0.3 mg·g–1 dry weight). Within dry beans, `GO122' had the highest (5.1 ± 0.4 mg·g–1 dry weight) and `Porrillo 70' the lowest pod Ca concentration (3.6 ± 0.3 mg·g–1 dry weight). Six cultivars had pod Ca concentrations significantly (P ≤ 0.01) higher than the overall mean (4.4 ± 0.3 mg·g–1 dry weight).

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Stomatal Density and Calcium Concentration of Six Snap Bean Cultivars

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.126.1.110 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 126 (1) ◽

pp. 110-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J.M. Quintana ◽

H.C. Harrison ◽

J.P. Palta ◽

J. Nienhuis ◽

K. Kmiecik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Calcium Concentration ◽

Stomatal Density ◽

Leaf Tissue ◽

Video Camera ◽

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽

Cultivar Differences ◽

Planting Dates ◽

Snap Bean ◽

Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽

Snap Beans

Stomatal density of pods and leaves were determined for six commercial snap bean cultivars (Phaseolus vulgaris L. `Evergreen', `Hystyle', Labrador', `Tenderlake', `Top Crop', and `Venture') grown at three planting dates, in an attempt to find morphological traits that could be related to cultivar differences in pod Ca concentration. Snap beans were planted three times at ≈1-week intervals beginning 15 June 1995, and harvested 59 to 62 days after planting. Stomatal counts were performed using a microscope linked to a video camera, and Ca concentration determinations were made using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Calcium concentration and stomatal density of leaf tissue was higher than that of pods. Cultivar differences for pod Ca concentration (P = 0.001) and stomatal density (P = 0.001) were observed although cultivars with higher pod stomatal density did not necessarily result in higher pod Ca concentration. Calcium concentration and stomatal density for leaves did not differ among cultivars. Stomatal density and Ca concentration of pods were positively correlated (R2 = 0.37), while pod maturity was negatively associated to both pod Ca concentration (R2 = 0.93), and pod stomatal density (R2 = 0.99). The effect of planting dates was absent in pod Ca concentration and significant in pod stomatal density.

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An Evaluation for Pod Calcium Concentration between Eight Commercial Cultivars of Snap Beans and Eight of Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.32.3.523d ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 523D-523

Author(s):

Juan M. Quintana ◽

Helen C. Harrison ◽

James Nienhuis ◽

Jiwan P. Palta

Keyword(s):

Calcium Concentration ◽

Soil Analysis ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Medium Size ◽

Dry Beans ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽

Dry Bean ◽

Snap Bean ◽

Snap Beans ◽

Pooled Sample

We have previously observed significant variation for pod Ca concentration among snap bean genotypes. In the present experiment, we compare pod Ca concentration between snap bean and dry bean genotypes. Eight snap bean cultivars and eight dry bean cultivars were chosen to be evaluated for pod Ca concentration in summers of 1995 and 1996 at Hancock, Wis. The experimental design consisted in randomized complete blocks with three replications in 1995 and six in 1996. Snap and dry beans were planted in June and hand-harvested in August for both experiments. Soil analysis showed 430 ppm of Ca in soil at time of planting. No additional Ca was applied. Plots consisted of 10 plants each. Harvesting was made by collecting a pooled sample of medium size pods from the 10 plants. Ca determinations were made using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Data was presented as mg of Ca per gram of dry weight, pooled from both years, and analyzed using SAS. Results reflected significant differences between genotypes. Checkmate (5.5) showed the highest pod calcium concentrations and Labrador (3.9) the lowest among snap beans. G0122 (5.1) resulted in the highest and Porrillo (3.6) the lowest within dry beans Results were consistent across years. Snap beans (4.6) presented significantly higher pod calcium concentration than dry beans (4.2). Apparently, snap bean genotypes have the ability to absorb calcium from the soil more efficiently than dry bean genotypes, and this phenomenon is not significantly influenced by environmental factors.

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Influence of wood-derived biochar on the physico-mechanical and chemical characteristics of agricultural soils

International Agrophysics ◽

10.1515/intag-2016-0094 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ahmed S.F. Ahmed ◽

Vijaya Raghavan

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Soils ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Clay Loam ◽

Clay Loam Soil ◽

Loam Soil ◽

Specific Influence ◽

And Chemical Properties

AbstractAmendment of soil with biochar has been shown to enhance fertility and increase crop productivity, but the specific influence of biochar on soil workability remains unclear. Select physico-mechanical and chemical properties of clay loam and sandy loam soils were measured after amendment with wood-derived biochar of two particle size ranges (0.5-425 and 425-850 µm) at five dosages ranging from 0.5 to 10% dry weight. Whereas the clay loam soil workability decreased when the finer wood-derived biochar was applied at rates of 6 or 10%, soil fertility was not enhanced. The sandy loam soil, due to Proctor compaction, significantly decreased in bulk density with 6 and 10% wood-derived biochar amendments indicating higher soil resistance to compaction.

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Variation for Calcium Concentration among 64 Genotypes of Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.30.4.797b ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 797B-797

Author(s):

Juan M. Quintana ◽

Helen C. Harrison ◽

James Nienhuis

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Atomic Absorption ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Calcium Concentration ◽

Essential Element ◽

Strong Negative Correlation ◽

Snap Bean ◽

Pod Yield ◽

Snap Beans

Calcium is an essential element for human nutrition. The lack of it causes various problems, such as osteoporosis. Snap beans rank as good sources of calcium among vegetables and are well-liked by most teenagers. In this study, pod yield and Ca concentration were analyzed for 64 genotypes of snap beans, plus four checks. The experimental design was a 8 x 8 double lattice, repeated at two locations (Arlington and Hancock, Wis.). Snap beans were planted in June 1993 and machine-harvested 67 days later, in Aug. 1993. Calcium analyses were made using an Atomic Absorption Spectometer. Results indicated significant differences for pod Ca concentration and yield. Pod size and Ca concentration showed a strong negative correlation (R = 89.5). Clear differences among the locations were also observed. Results were consistent—high-Ca genotypes remained high regardless of location or pod size. Selected genotypes appeared to have the ability to absorb Ca easier than others, but this factor was not related to yield.

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Organic Matter Application Improves Posttransplant Root Growth of Three Native Woody Shrubs

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.44.2.377 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 377-383 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Julie Guckenberger Price ◽

Amy N. Wright ◽

Kenneth M. Tilt ◽

Robert L. Boyd

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Root Growth ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Nondestructive Method ◽

Root Tip ◽

Native Soil ◽

Loam Soil ◽

Physical And Chemical

The need for reliable planting techniques that encourage posttransplant root growth in adverse conditions has prompted research into planting above soil grade (above-grade). Container-grown Morella cerifera (L.) Small (syn. Myrica cerifera L.) (wax myrtle), Illicium floridanum Ellis (Florida anise tree), and Kalmia latifolia L. (mountain laurel) plants were planted in Horhizotrons (root observation chambers) in a greenhouse in Auburn, AL, on 1 Mar. 2006, 6 June 2006, and 3 Jan. 2007, respectively. The experiment was repeated with all three species being planted 18 June 2007. Horhizotrons contained four glass quadrants extending away from the root ball providing a nondestructive method for measuring root growth of the same plant into different rhizosphere conditions. Each quadrant was filled with a native sandy loam soil in the lower 10 cm. The upper 10 cm of the quadrants were filled randomly with: 1) milled pine bark (PB); 2) peat (P); 3) cotton gin compost (CGC); or 4) more native soil with no organic matter (NOM). Horizontal root lengths (HRL, length measured parallel to the ground from the root ball to the root tip) of the five longest roots visible along each side of a quadrant were measured weekly for M. cerifera and I. floridanum and biweekly for K. latifolia. These measurements represented lateral growth and penetration of roots into surrounding substrates on transplanting. When roots of a species neared the end of the quadrant, the experiment was ended for that species. M. cerifera had the fastest rate of lateral root growth followed by I. floridanum and then by K. latifolia. In most cases, roots grew initially into the organic matter rather than the soil when organic matter was present. In general, HRL and root dry weight (RDW) of I. floridanum and K. latifolia were greatest in PB and P, whereas for M. cerifera, these were greatest in P. Differences in root growth among substrates were not as pronounced for M. cerifera as for the other species, perhaps as a result of its rapid increase in HRL. Increased root growth in PB and P may be attributed to the ideal physical and chemical properties of these substrates. Results suggest that planting above soil grade with organic matter may increase posttransplant root growth compared with planting at grade with no organic matter.

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(125) Effect of Organic Residues on Shoot and Root Growth of Apple Tree

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1061d ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 1061D-1061

Author(s):

Davide Neri ◽

Gianpaolo Mascanzoni ◽

Paolo Sabbatini ◽

Franco Zucconi ◽

James Flore

Keyword(s):

Shoot Growth ◽

Apple Tree ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Plant Residues ◽

Organic Residues ◽

Mature Compost ◽

Loam Soil ◽

Old Trees

To simulate soil sickness, 1-year-old trees of `Golden Delicious' (grafted on M9 and M106) were grown in rhizotrons (1 × 1-m and 0.5-m depth) with different plant residues content, at Ravenna, Italy. Sandy loam soil was used as a substrate. Fine-grounded wood from apple and peach residues (6 kg per rhizotron) was mixed to the substrate and considered as main treatment. Mature compost (1% and 2.5% in volume) was added or not to the substrate with the organic residues and considered as subtreatment. The application of residues was localized either near the soil surface (0–25 cm) or deeper in the soil profile (25–50 cm). In each rhizotron, four trees on the same rootstock were planted and each soil treatment was replicated twice. After 2 years, the roots were accurately excavated (washing off the soil with water), and growth was measured. The presence of apple residues near the soil surface induced a 5% to 20% reduction of shoot growth. The reduction per plant dry weight was higher when trees were grafted on M106. At root level, the presence of residues increased the root migration in the search for fresh niches, enhancing root crossing and anastomosis. Both these shoot and root conditions are typical of replant diseases symptoms. The localization of apple residues in the lower part of the profile reduced the symptoms and so did the addition of compost. The peach residues did not affect shoot growth when compared to the control, but the shoot-to-root ratio was reduced, indicating a tendency to increase root migration.

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A bioassay technique to study clomazone residues in sandy loam soil

Pesticidi i fitomedicina ◽

10.2298/pif1303203g ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 203-211 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jelena Gajic-Umiljendic ◽

Ljiljana Radivojevic ◽

Tijana Djordjevic ◽

Katarina Jovanovic-Radovanov ◽

Ljiljana Santric ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays L ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Residual Activity ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Sandy Loam Soil ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Shoot Height ◽

Bioassay Test ◽

Loam Soil ◽

Bioassay Technique

A bioassay test was conducted to evaluate the sensitivity of maize, sunflower and barley to clomazone residues in sandy loam soil. Clomazone was applied at different rates from 0.12 to 12 mg a.i./kg of soil. The parameters measured 14 days after treatment were: shoot height, fresh and dry weight, and content of pigments (carotenoids, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b). The results showed that the lowest clomazone concentration caused a significant reduction in all measured parameters for barley and sunflower shoots. Fresh weight of maize shoots was not sensitive to clomazone residual activity in soil while the other parameters were highly inhibited. Nomenclature: clomazone (2-(2-chlorbenzyl)-4,4-dimethyl-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one), maize (Zea mays L.), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.).

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