scholarly journals Changes in Sugar Concentrations of Seed and Pod Tissue During Development in Snap and Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 1692-1697
Author(s):  
Wesley Gartner ◽  
Paul C. Bethke ◽  
Theodore J. Kisha ◽  
James Nienhuis
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Bean Cultivar ◽  
Snap Beans ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Sugars, including glucose, fructose, and sucrose, contribute significantly to the flavor and consumer acceptance of snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Sugar accumulation and changes in sugar profiles during snap bean development contribute to overall assessments of quality for breeding lines and cultivars. Developing fruit from a diverse group of four snap bean cultivars containing Andean germplasm and one Mesoamerican dry bean cultivar were sampled at 5-day intervals from 10 to 30 days after flowering over 2 years. Glucose, fructose, and sucrose in pod and seed tissue was quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography. Percent seed mass relative to pod mass increased with days after flowering, but the rate of increase was heterogeneous among cultivars. Significant differences in sugar accumulation patterns of mono- and disaccharides were observed with time of development and between pods and seeds. Glucose and fructose decreased rapidly in pods and seeds with time after flowering. In contrast, sucrose concentration increased in pod tissue but remained constant in seeds of the snap bean cultivars with time after flowering. The patterns of changes in pod and seed sugar concentrations with time after flowering were similar among all snap bean cultivars. In contrast to the snap beans, seed sucrose increased with time after flowering in the Mesoamerican dry bean cultivar Puebla 152. No year by day after flowering interactions were observed for sugar accumulation patterns or sugar concentrations. Younger snap beans had the highest sweetness index based on observed sugar concentrations, percent seed mass, and perception of relative sweetness by the human palate. Although mean sweetness varied between cultivars, the rate of decrease in sweetness with time was the same for all five cultivars. These findings indicate that variation for sweetness exists in snap beans and can be exploited by breeding to develop cultivars with a potentially more desirable, sweet flavor.

scholarly journals Patterns of Fructose, Glucose, and Sucrose Accumulation in Snap and Dry Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Pods

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 874-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle M. VandenLangenberg ◽  
Paul C. Bethke ◽  
James Nienhuis
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Bean Cultivar ◽  
Snap Beans

Sugars, including fructose, glucose, and sucrose, contribute significantly to the flavor and consumer acceptance of snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Little is known regarding differences in sugar content among snap bean and dry bean cultivars and the patterns of sugar accumulation with increasing pod size. Alcohol–soluble sugar concentration of five snap bean cultivars and one dry bean cultivar planted in field trials was assayed throughout pod development over 2 years using high-performance liquid chromatography. Significant differences in sugar accumulation patterns and quantity were observed among cultivars. In general, fructose and glucose content decreased, whereas sucrose increased with increasing pod size in snap beans. In contrast, fructose and glucose amounts increased, whereas sucrose concentration remained unchanged with increasing pod size in the dry bean cultivar. No year-by-genotype interactions were observed for sugar accumulation patterns or sugar amount. Results indicate that sieve size No. 3 (7.34 to 8.33 mm) or No. 4 (8.33 to 9.52 mm) pods are suitable for detecting differences in sugar concentration among genotypes.

scholarly journals Morpho-chemical characterization of dry and snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) landraces collected on Fruska Gora Mt.

Genetika ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 303-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Savic ◽  
Gordana Petrovic ◽  
Mirjana Milosevic ◽  
Zorica Nikolic ◽  
Anamarija Stojanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Predominantly White ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Seed Color ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Seed Shape ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Snap Bean

Disappearance of old cultivars, including dry and snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) has been accelerated in last five to six decades, which mainly led to great genetic impoverishment. For all the humanity and its future, particularly is important the maintenance and evaluation of old cultivar?s seeds. The research presented in this paper has been conducted on the territory of southwestern Fruska gora Mt. Of the collected samples of field and vegetables crops, as well as wild plants on the mountain, 13 accessions of snap bean and 21 accessions of dry bean have been analyzed in this paper. Seed color, seed shape, 1000-seed mass and phaseolin type was determined for all the accessions. Seeds of collected bean and snap bean accessions were predominantly white and cylindrical in shape. Mass of 1000 seeds ranged between 104,90 g and 634,96 g. T phaseolin type dominated, while S type of phaseolin was present in six bean and in two snap bean accessions.

scholarly journals Scheduling of irrigation in snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris var. nanus) using canopy temperature

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Helyes ◽  
Z. Pék ◽  
Gy. Varga ◽  
J. Dimény
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Snap Beans ◽  
Yield Production ◽  
Spring Sowing

The present paper evaluates the result of irrigation experiments carried out on snap beans sown in spring and summer and grown with and without irrigation. The experiments were run over the course of 12 years. In the average of 12 years, the yield was 2.8t ha-I for spring sown and 1.9 t ha-I in summer-sown plants without irrigation. The lowest level of profitable production, the 5.5t ha-I was reached twice in the case of spring sowing and only once in the case of summer sowing. Profitable yield production can be ensured only with regular irrigation and thus the yield may be increased by 4-5 times. In four of the twelve years we determined the canopy surface temperature of snap bean stands with and without irrigation. A Raynger II infrared remote thermometer determined the canopy surface temperature every day at 13.00 hours. The canopy temperature can well characterize the water supply of plant stands. This parameter may be used for describing the degree of drought and the water turnover of plant stands with different water supply. The positive values of foliage-air temperature differences (SDD) numerically express the degree of drought and the water supply of the crops. The results indicated that a 1 °C higher SDD value may cause 90-130 kg/ha yield loss.

Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and Common Lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) Response to Acifluorfen

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry P. Wilson ◽  
Thomas E. Hines
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Early Application ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽  
Snap Beans

Field studies were conducted for 3 yr to determine the foliar activity of acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid} for control of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium albumL. # CHEAL) in snap beans (Phaseolus vulgarisL. ‘Provider’ in 1983 and 1985 and ‘Green Crop’ in 1984). Control of 1 to 7 cm tall common lambsquarters varied between 75 and 100% with 0.28 kg ai/ha acifluorfen and frequently increased linearly with increases in acifluorfen rates to 0.84 kg/ha. Snap bean injury occurred each year and in 1985 was influenced by acifluorfen rate, stage of snap bean growth, and surfactant. Snap bean yields in 1983 were reduced linearly with increases in acifluorfen rates and in 1985 were reduced more from applications at the 1- to 2-trifoliolate leaf stage than at the 4- to 8-trifoliolate leaf stage. In the greenhouse, reductions in snap bean height from acifluorfen were related to application timing, surfactant and cultivar. Fresh weight reduction of snap beans was highest with the cultivar ‘Green Crop’ but was increased to both cultivars by early application timing and the addition of surfactant to the spray mix.

scholarly journals Screening for Partial Physiological Resistance to White Mold in Dry Bean Using Excised Stems

1992 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.N. Miklas ◽  
K.F. Grafton ◽  
B.D. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Field Resistance ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Lesion Length ◽  
Laboratory Procedure ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Physiological Resistance

A laboratory procedure was tested to determine whether excised stems would allow a reliable indication of partial physiological resistance (PPR) to white mold [Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) deBary] in dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Excised stems from 11- and 28-day-old plants were inoculated with growing mycelium of S. sclerotiorum, incubated for 4 to 7 days (11- and 28-day assays, respectively), then assayed for lesion length (LL). A total of 15 bean genotypes were screened for PPR, as indicated by LL. Significant (P < 0.05) differences among LL means of small- and medium-seeded bean genotypes were detected in the 28-day assay, whereas only LL means among medium-seeded genotypes. differed significantly (P < 0.05) in the n-day assay. `Bunsi', `C-20', `Sierra', `Topaz', and snap bean breeding lines NY 5262, NY 5394, and NY 5403 had the highest PPR and `Upland', D76125, and `UI-114' the lowest. The results from both assays were repeatable. A moderately high correlation (r = 0.68, P < 0.02) was observed between PPR and field resistance. The 28-day assay has potential for evaluating dry bean germplasm for PPR to white mold disease caused by S. sclerotiorum. A 28-day assay also was used to measure virulence of 18 isolates of S. sclerotiorum. The 18 isolates did not differ (P < 0.05) for virulence when measured by LL. The lack of any genotype × isolate interaction for LL indicated lack of host-pathogen specificity.

scholarly journals First Report of Sida golden mosaic virus Infecting Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in Florida

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Durham ◽  
C. Baker ◽  
L. Jones ◽  
L. Unruh Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Complete Sequence ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
First Report ◽  
Snap Beans ◽  
Alachua County ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Total Dna

In October 2006, snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris ‘Titan’) plants in an Alachua County field exhibited symptoms of foliar mottling, puckering, and curl. Symptomatic plants were distributed along field margins infested with whiteflies (100% incidence). Six collected leaf specimens all tested positive for nuclear inclusion bodies typical of begomoviruses with the methodology outlined by Christie et al. (1). To confirm the putative begomovirus association, total DNA was extracted with Qiagen's DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA). The degenerate Begomovirus primers 5′-GCCCACATYGTCTTYCCNGT-3′ and 5′-GGCTTYCTRTACATRGG-3′ were used to amplify a 1.1-kb fragment of DNA-A (2). Primers SiGMVf 5′-CCTAAGCGCGATTTGCCAT-3′ and SiGMVr 5′-TACAGGGAGCTAAATCCAGCT-3′ were designed to amplify the remaining 1.5 kb of the DNA-A component. The sequence of both PCR products was compiled to generate a complete sequence of an A component (2,633 nt). BLAST analysis of this sequence (GenBank Accession No. GQ357649) isolated from snap bean indicated 95% nucleotide identity to Sida golden mosaic virus (SiGMV) (GenBank Accession No. AF049336) isolated from Sida santaremensis from Florida. To our knowledge, this is the first report of SiGMV in Florida snap beans. Further study is warranted to examine the etiological and economic implications of this finding. References: (1) R. G. Christie et al. Phytopathology 76:124, 1986. (2) M. R. Rojas et al. Plant Dis. 77:340, 1993.

scholarly journals Variation for Calcium Concentration among 64 Genotypes of Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 797B-797
Author(s):  
Juan M. Quintana ◽  
Helen C. Harrison ◽  
James Nienhuis
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Snap Beans

Calcium is an essential element for human nutrition. The lack of it causes various problems, such as osteoporosis. Snap beans rank as good sources of calcium among vegetables and are well-liked by most teenagers. In this study, pod yield and Ca concentration were analyzed for 64 genotypes of snap beans, plus four checks. The experimental design was a 8 x 8 double lattice, repeated at two locations (Arlington and Hancock, Wis.). Snap beans were planted in June 1993 and machine-harvested 67 days later, in Aug. 1993. Calcium analyses were made using an Atomic Absorption Spectometer. Results indicated significant differences for pod Ca concentration and yield. Pod size and Ca concentration showed a strong negative correlation (R = 89.5). Clear differences among the locations were also observed. Results were consistent—high-Ca genotypes remained high regardless of location or pod size. Selected genotypes appeared to have the ability to absorb Ca easier than others, but this factor was not related to yield.

Temperature Influences on Uptake, Translocation, and Metabolism of Alachlor in Snap Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris)

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Rice ◽  
A. R. Putnam
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Closed System ◽  
Labeled Compounds ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Snap Beans ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Lower Temperature

The uptake, translocation, and metabolism of14C-alachlor [2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide] by germinating and emerged snap bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) seedlings were monitored under 16-h daylength (21 klux) comparing 16 C night/21 C Day and 27 C night/32 C day temperature regimes. Total uptake of14C-alachlor by germinating snap beans was greater under the higher temperature, however, the compound was localized primarily in the roots where it was rapidly metabolized. At the lower temperature, the label was located in approximately equal amounts in all plant parts except cotyledons and significantly less of the alachlor was metabolized. Root uptake of14C-alachlor and translocation of labeled compounds to the shoots were significantly greater under the higher temperatures. Approximately 60% of14C-alachlor was shown to volatilize from a watchglass after 48 h at 27 C. After volatilization, uptake of14C-alachlor occurred in adjacent snap bean plants in a closed system.

scholarly journals Reduction in Snap Bean Emergence by Seed Treatment with Dried Canola Residue

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Snap Beans ◽  
Plant Basis

Emergence of snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in field soil in 1995 to 1997 was reduced by the addition of dried, ground canola [Brassica napus L. ssp. oleifera (Metzg.) Sinsk. f. biennis] leaves and petioles to the furrow at planting. Soil amendment with the tissue increased the number of nodules on bean roots in all years. In plots with reduced stand, leaf area was increased and yield on a per-plant basis was larger than in plots with a better stand. Total yield was increased in plots with fewer plants only in 1995. Frequency of isolation of fungi that cause damping-off was not affected by the addition of canola at planting. When used as a seed treatment and incorporated at planting, canola residues were detrimental to emergence of snap bean.

Environmental and Edaphic Influences on the Selectivity of Alachlor on Snap Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris)

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 570-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Putnam ◽  
Robert P. Rice
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Edaphic Factors ◽  
Moist Soil ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Snap Beans ◽  
Temperature Regimes

The influence of several environmental and edaphic factors on alachlor [2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide] selectivity in snap bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) was examined. Crop safety was consistently improved when alachlor was applied preplant incorporated as compared to surface preemergence treatment. Under field conditions, maximum injury occurred either when temperatures during germination were cool and rainfall was minimal, or when temperatures approached or exceeded 27 C and the soil was saturated. In the growth chamber, more damage occurred under low temperature regimes, although volatilization of alachlor from moist soil also produced injury under higher temperatures. Injury was less severe in soils high in organic matter content. Alachlor injury decreased after 5 cm of simulated rainfall were applied on a loamy sand.

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