Variation for Calcium Concentration among 64 Genotypes of Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)

Calcium is an essential element for human nutrition. The lack of it causes various problems, such as osteoporosis. Snap beans rank as good sources of calcium among vegetables and are well-liked by most teenagers. In this study, pod yield and Ca concentration were analyzed for 64 genotypes of snap beans, plus four checks. The experimental design was a 8 x 8 double lattice, repeated at two locations (Arlington and Hancock, Wis.). Snap beans were planted in June 1993 and machine-harvested 67 days later, in Aug. 1993. Calcium analyses were made using an Atomic Absorption Spectometer. Results indicated significant differences for pod Ca concentration and yield. Pod size and Ca concentration showed a strong negative correlation (R = 89.5). Clear differences among the locations were also observed. Results were consistent—high-Ca genotypes remained high regardless of location or pod size. Selected genotypes appeared to have the ability to absorb Ca easier than others, but this factor was not related to yield.

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Variation in Calcium Concentration among Sixty S1 Families and Four Cultivars of Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.121.5.789 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 121 (5) ◽

pp. 789-793 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Juan M. Quintana ◽

Helen C. Harrison ◽

James Nienhuis ◽

Jiwan P. Palta ◽

Michael A. Grusak

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Atomic Absorption ◽

Calcium Concentration ◽

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽

Snap Bean ◽

Pod Yield ◽

Snap Beans ◽

Nutritional Potential

To assess nutritional potential, pod yield, and Ca concentration of pods and foliage were determined for a snap bean population, which included sixty S1 families plus four commercial varieties. The experimental design was an 8 × 8 double lattice, repeated at two locations (Arlington and Hancock, Wis.). Snap beans were planted in June 1993 and machine harvested in August 1993. Calcium analyses were made using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Significant differences were detected in pod Ca concentration and yield among the S1 families. Pod size and Ca concentration were inversely correlated (R2 = 0.88). Distinct differences between the locations were not observed, and higher Ca genotypes remained high regardless of location or pod size. Low correlation (R2 = 0.21) between pod and leaf Ca concentration was found. Pods of certain genotypes appeared to have the ability to import Ca more efficiently than others, but this factor was not related to yield.

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Effects of Calcium Fertilizers on Pod Calcium Concentration and Yield of Four Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Cultivars

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.3.445a ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 445a-445

Author(s):

J.M. Quintana ◽

H.C. Harrison ◽

J.P. Palta ◽

J. Nienhuis ◽

K. Kmiecik

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Calcium Concentration ◽

Calcium Nitrate ◽

Statistical Analyses ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽

Snap Bean ◽

Year Effect

Four snap bean cultivars were grown during the summers of 1996 and 1997 in Hancock, Wis. Fertilizer treatments consisted on 80 kg of Ca/ha applied as gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) or calcium nitrate [Ca(NO3)2], and the control (no calcium applied). The experimental design was a randomized complete block with a factorial set of treatments (4 × 3) repeated six times each year. Gypsum was all applied at planting, whereas calcium nitrate was applied weekly starting 1 week prior to flowering for 4 weeks. Yield and calcium concentrations in pods were determined. The statistical analyses showed no significant effect from fertilizer type on pod calcium concentration or yield. A strong cultivar effect was detected for both parameters measured. `Evergreen' (5.47 mg Ca/g dry wt) presented the highest pod calcium concentration and `Labrador' (4.10 mg Ca/g dry wt) the lowest. No significant fertilizer × cultivar interactions were observed. Results for pod calcium concentration remained consistent, even when a significant year effect was found for both parameters. The results suggest that breeding and selection remain the most attainable methods to enhance pod calcium concentration in snap bean.

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Comparison of Soil and Genotypic Effects on Calcium Concentration of Snap Bean Pods

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.32.1.68 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 68-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Edison Miglioranza ◽

Phillip Barak ◽

Kenneth Kmiecik ◽

James Nienhuis

Keyword(s):

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Soil Solution ◽

Calcium Concentration ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Human Nutrition ◽

Snap Bean ◽

True Blue ◽

Snap Beans ◽

Genotypic Effects

Soils were fertilized with gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) at rates up to 4 t·ha-1, and Ca2+ concentrations in pods of 12 snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars were determined, with the intention of improving snap beans as a source of Ca2+ for human nutrition. The addition of gypsum to the soil did not affect the Ca2+ concentration of pods, even though Ca2+ in the soil solution increased from 4 to 15 mmol·L-1. Calcium concentrations of pods of the various snap bean cultivars ranged from 4.1 to 5.7 mg·g-1 dry mass. `Top Crop', `Astrel', `Tenderlake', and `True Blue' had the highest Ca2+ concentration in the pods and `Labrador' and `Roma II' had the lowest. The results suggest that factors other than Ca2+ supply influenced the Ca2+ concentration of the snap bean pod. Therefore, increased Ca2+ concentration of pods may be better achieved through breeding and selection rather than Ca2+ fertilization when Ca2+ levels in soil are sufficient.

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Scheduling of irrigation in snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris var. nanus) using canopy temperature

International Journal of Horticultural Science ◽

10.31421/ijhs/11/1/565 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

L. Helyes ◽

Z. Pék ◽

Gy. Varga ◽

J. Dimény

Keyword(s):

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Water Supply ◽

Surface Temperature ◽

Yield Loss ◽

Canopy Temperature ◽

Water Turnover ◽

Snap Bean ◽

Snap Beans ◽

Yield Production ◽

Spring Sowing

The present paper evaluates the result of irrigation experiments carried out on snap beans sown in spring and summer and grown with and without irrigation. The experiments were run over the course of 12 years. In the average of 12 years, the yield was 2.8t ha-I for spring sown and 1.9 t ha-I in summer-sown plants without irrigation. The lowest level of profitable production, the 5.5t ha-I was reached twice in the case of spring sowing and only once in the case of summer sowing. Profitable yield production can be ensured only with regular irrigation and thus the yield may be increased by 4-5 times. In four of the twelve years we determined the canopy surface temperature of snap bean stands with and without irrigation. A Raynger II infrared remote thermometer determined the canopy surface temperature every day at 13.00 hours. The canopy temperature can well characterize the water supply of plant stands. This parameter may be used for describing the degree of drought and the water turnover of plant stands with different water supply. The positive values of foliage-air temperature differences (SDD) numerically express the degree of drought and the water supply of the crops. The results indicated that a 1 °C higher SDD value may cause 90-130 kg/ha yield loss.

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Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and Common Lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) Response to Acifluorfen

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00029043 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 18-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Henry P. Wilson ◽

Thomas E. Hines

Keyword(s):

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Field Studies ◽

Early Application ◽

Snap Bean ◽

Application Timing ◽

Common Lambsquarters ◽

Leaf Stage ◽

Nitrobenzoic Acid ◽

Snap Beans

Field studies were conducted for 3 yr to determine the foliar activity of acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid} for control of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium albumL. # CHEAL) in snap beans (Phaseolus vulgarisL. ‘Provider’ in 1983 and 1985 and ‘Green Crop’ in 1984). Control of 1 to 7 cm tall common lambsquarters varied between 75 and 100% with 0.28 kg ai/ha acifluorfen and frequently increased linearly with increases in acifluorfen rates to 0.84 kg/ha. Snap bean injury occurred each year and in 1985 was influenced by acifluorfen rate, stage of snap bean growth, and surfactant. Snap bean yields in 1983 were reduced linearly with increases in acifluorfen rates and in 1985 were reduced more from applications at the 1- to 2-trifoliolate leaf stage than at the 4- to 8-trifoliolate leaf stage. In the greenhouse, reductions in snap bean height from acifluorfen were related to application timing, surfactant and cultivar. Fresh weight reduction of snap beans was highest with the cultivar ‘Green Crop’ but was increased to both cultivars by early application timing and the addition of surfactant to the spray mix.

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EFFECTS OF PLANTING DENSITY AND DESIGN ON POD YIELD OF BUSH SNAP BEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps86-088 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 66 (3) ◽

pp. 669-675 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. N. J. WAHAB ◽

D. H. DABBS ◽

R. J. BAKER

Keyword(s):

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Unit Area ◽

Field Trials ◽

Planting Density ◽

Average Yield ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽

Snap Bean ◽

Pod Yield ◽

Density Relationship ◽

Equal Spacing

Because of interest in maximizing production per unit area in regions where the land base is limited, the effects of planting density; (16–116 plants m−2) and planting design on pod yield of bush snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were measured in replicated field trials with cv. Harvester in 1980 and 1981. Three planting designs were used: (a) conventional row designs with interplant spacing of 5 cm and interrow spacing of 20, 45, 80 and 125 cm; (b) square designs with interplant and interrow spacings both at 10, 15, 20 and 25 cm; and (c) triangle designs (honeycomb) with plants arranged at equal distances of 10, 15, 20 and 25 cm from each of their six nearest neighbors. In all three planting designs, higher planting densities (up to 116 plants m−2) gave higher pod yields per unit area. Except for the lower response in the square design in 1981, increases in yield with increasing density were similar for all designs in both years. Pod yields did not differ from one design to the other in 1980. In 1981, the triangle design gave the highest average yield and the row design gave the lowest average yield. The results confirm observations of yield advantages in planting designs which use equal spacing in all directions.Key words: Yield-density relationship, row spacing, honeycomb design, snap bean, Phaseolus vulgaris

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First Report of Sida golden mosaic virus Infecting Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in Florida

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-94-4-0487b ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 94 (4) ◽

pp. 487-487 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

T. C. Durham ◽

C. Baker ◽

L. Jones ◽

L. Unruh Snyder

Keyword(s):

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Complete Sequence ◽

Economic Implications ◽

Snap Bean ◽

First Report ◽

Snap Beans ◽

Alachua County ◽

Pcr Products ◽

Total Dna

In October 2006, snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris ‘Titan’) plants in an Alachua County field exhibited symptoms of foliar mottling, puckering, and curl. Symptomatic plants were distributed along field margins infested with whiteflies (100% incidence). Six collected leaf specimens all tested positive for nuclear inclusion bodies typical of begomoviruses with the methodology outlined by Christie et al. (1). To confirm the putative begomovirus association, total DNA was extracted with Qiagen's DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA). The degenerate Begomovirus primers 5′-GCCCACATYGTCTTYCCNGT-3′ and 5′-GGCTTYCTRTACATRGG-3′ were used to amplify a 1.1-kb fragment of DNA-A (2). Primers SiGMVf 5′-CCTAAGCGCGATTTGCCAT-3′ and SiGMVr 5′-TACAGGGAGCTAAATCCAGCT-3′ were designed to amplify the remaining 1.5 kb of the DNA-A component. The sequence of both PCR products was compiled to generate a complete sequence of an A component (2,633 nt). BLAST analysis of this sequence (GenBank Accession No. GQ357649) isolated from snap bean indicated 95% nucleotide identity to Sida golden mosaic virus (SiGMV) (GenBank Accession No. AF049336) isolated from Sida santaremensis from Florida. To our knowledge, this is the first report of SiGMV in Florida snap beans. Further study is warranted to examine the etiological and economic implications of this finding. References: (1) R. G. Christie et al. Phytopathology 76:124, 1986. (2) M. R. Rojas et al. Plant Dis. 77:340, 1993.

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Temperature Influences on Uptake, Translocation, and Metabolism of Alachlor in Snap Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris)

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500054965 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 131-134 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Robert P. Rice ◽

A. R. Putnam

Keyword(s):

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Closed System ◽

Labeled Compounds ◽

Snap Bean ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Snap Beans ◽

Temperature Regimes ◽

Bean Plants ◽

Higher Temperature ◽

Lower Temperature

The uptake, translocation, and metabolism of14C-alachlor [2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide] by germinating and emerged snap bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) seedlings were monitored under 16-h daylength (21 klux) comparing 16 C night/21 C Day and 27 C night/32 C day temperature regimes. Total uptake of14C-alachlor by germinating snap beans was greater under the higher temperature, however, the compound was localized primarily in the roots where it was rapidly metabolized. At the lower temperature, the label was located in approximately equal amounts in all plant parts except cotyledons and significantly less of the alachlor was metabolized. Root uptake of14C-alachlor and translocation of labeled compounds to the shoots were significantly greater under the higher temperatures. Approximately 60% of14C-alachlor was shown to volatilize from a watchglass after 48 h at 27 C. After volatilization, uptake of14C-alachlor occurred in adjacent snap bean plants in a closed system.

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Reduction in Snap Bean Emergence by Seed Treatment with Dried Canola Residue

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.35.1.92 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 92-94 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

V.L. Smith

Keyword(s):

Brassica Napus ◽

Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽

Soil Amendment ◽

Seed Treatment ◽

Total Yield ◽

Field Soil ◽

Damping Off ◽

Snap Bean ◽

Snap Beans ◽

Plant Basis

Emergence of snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in field soil in 1995 to 1997 was reduced by the addition of dried, ground canola [Brassica napus L. ssp. oleifera (Metzg.) Sinsk. f. biennis] leaves and petioles to the furrow at planting. Soil amendment with the tissue increased the number of nodules on bean roots in all years. In plots with reduced stand, leaf area was increased and yield on a per-plant basis was larger than in plots with a better stand. Total yield was increased in plots with fewer plants only in 1995. Frequency of isolation of fungi that cause damping-off was not affected by the addition of canola at planting. When used as a seed treatment and incorporated at planting, canola residues were detrimental to emergence of snap bean.

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Modification of Plant Arrangement Suppresses White Mold of Snap Beans

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.41.5.1298 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 41 (5) ◽

pp. 1298-1302 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Ed Peachey ◽

Robin L. Ludy ◽

Mary L. Powelson ◽

Daniel M. McGrath

Keyword(s):

Disease Severity ◽

Field Studies ◽

Planting Density ◽

White Mold ◽

Row Spacing ◽

Snap Bean ◽

Pod Yield ◽

Severity Of Disease ◽

Snap Beans ◽

Row Width

Field studies were conducted in 1999 and 2001 in western Oregon to determine the effect of between-row spacing on severity of white mold (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) in snap beans. Planting density was held constant at 445,000 plants ha–1 and between-row spacing ranged from 19 to 150 cm. Disease severity and pod rot were greatest in both years of study at the 19-cm between-row spacing and declined linearly as between-row widths increased. Severity of disease in 1999 was 24%, 41%, and 88% lower at the 38-, 75-, and 150-cm between-row spacings, respectively, than at the 19-cm row spacing. In 2001, disease severity was 11%, 25%, 34%, and 51% less at the between-row widths of 38, 75, 114, and 150 cm, respectively, than at the 19-cm row spacing. Incidence of pod rot declined by 0.24% and 0.64% for each 10-cm increase in between-row width in 1999 and 2001, respectively. The fungicide vinclozolin effectively suppressed pod rot in both years at all between-row spacings. Pod yield was not influenced by between-row spacings of 19 to 114 cm, but yield was significantly lower at the between-row spacings of 150 cm. Increasing the between-row width of snap bean rows may be an effective disease management tactic to suppress white mold when fungicides are not applied or if efficacious fungicides are not available.

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