Bullying in Brazilian schools: results from the National School-based Health Survey (PeNSE), 2009

The aim of this study is to identify and describe the occurrence of bullying among students in the 9th year (8th grade) from public and private schools from 26 Brazilian state capitals and the Federal District. It is a cross-sectional study involving 60,973 students and 1,453 public and private schools. Data analysis indicates that 5.4% (IC95%: 5.1%-5.7%) of students reported having suffered bullying almost always or always in the last 30 days, 25.4% (IC95%: 24.8%-26.0%) were rarely or sometimes the victim of bullying and 69.2% (IC95%: 68.5%-69.8%) of students felt no humiliation or provocation at school. The capital with higher frequency of bullying was Belo Horizonte (6.9%; IC95%: 5,9%-7,9%), Minas Gerais, and the lowest was Palmas (3.5%; IC95%: 2.6%-4.5%), Tocantins. Boys reported more bullying (6,0%; IC95%: 5.5%-6.5%) compared with girls (4,8%; IC95%: 4.4%-5.3%). There was no difference between public schools 5.5% (IC95%: 5.1%-5.8%) and private (5.2%) (IC95%: 4.6%-5.8%), except in Aracaju, Sergipe, that show more bullying in private schools. The findings indicate an urgent need for intersectoral action from educational policies and practices that enforce the reduction and prevention of the occurrence of bullying in schools in Brazil.

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Promotion of healthy eating at schools in the Federal District of Brazil

Revista de Nutrição ◽

10.1590/s1415-52732013000200003 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 145-158 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Juliana Rezende Melo da Silva ◽

Bethsáida de Abreu Soares Schmitz ◽

Maria de Lourdes Carlos Ferreirinha Rodrigues ◽

Cristine Garcia Gabriel

Keyword(s):

Public Schools ◽

Private Schools ◽

Healthy Eating ◽

School Setting ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Federal District ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Likelihood Ratios ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Public And Private

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to describe strategies for the Promotion of Healthy Eating at Public and Private Schools in the Federal District of Brazil. METHODS: A descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional study was carried out involving 122 Private Schools and 173 Public Schools. The components of health promotion in the school setting were adapted to the context of the promotion of healthy eating, with interviews conducted for the administration of a semi-structured questionnaire. The Student's t test, Spearman's correlation coefficients and likelihood ratios were used for the statistical analysis (5% level of significance; p<0.05). RESULTS: Only one private elementary school fulfilled the criteria for 20 of the 24 items studied. At the other extreme, two public high schools only fulfilled the criteria for three items. A positive correlation was found between number of meetings held with the school community to address healthy eating and presence of healthy environments as well as between presence of healthy environments and monitoring of nutritional status of schoolchildren (p<0.01). Schools that held an above-average number of meetings to address healthy eating had a smaller proportion of street vendors and local stores in the surrounding area (p=0.01). The majority of schools that had a partnership with healthcare professionals included the topic of healthy eating in the curriculum (p=0.04). CONCLUSION: The different associations found demonstrate the importance and interdependence of the components of the promotion of healthy eating. Preschools have developed more strategies for the Promotion of Healthy Eating and health in general in comparison to other teaching modalities. Schools in the Federal District of Brazil need support and training to be developed as a "Health Promoting School", specifically with regard to actions directed toward healthy eating.

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Attitude Towards Menstruation Among Female In-School Adolescents: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study in Southwest Nigeria

10.21203/rs.3.rs-42447/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Olufemi Oludare Aluko ◽

Jireh Ngozi Udechukwu ◽

Oluwaseun Anthonia Loto ◽

Ayoola Oluwaniyi Orisawayi ◽

Grace Ojodomo Ojogba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Schools ◽

Private Schools ◽

Negative Attitude ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Attitude Scale ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Public And Private ◽

Menstrual Symptoms

Abstract Background: Menarche and menstruation are natural procedures in a girl’s transition to womanhood. Lack of awareness thereof, before menarche and stigmatizing menstrual hygiene management (MHM) perception and experiences predominate in low resource economies and influences attitude. The study aims to determine and compare the attitude of adolescents attending public and private schools on menstruation and MHM in the study area.Methods: The cross-sectional study recruited 357 respondents, comprising of 177 and 180 female adolescents from public and private schools through a three-stage sampling technique. The study administered a validated, semi-structured questionnaire that was facilitated self-administered. Descriptive and inferential statistics presented results, while binary logistic regression identified predictors of attitude at Pά0.05.Results: Except for religion, other socio-demographic characteristics (age, class, ethnicity, whom adolescents’ lives with, highest education and wealth) were significantly different between public and private schools. However, respondents in public schools were older (15.4±1.75 years) when compared with those attending private schools (14.3±1.18 years). On attitude, negative feelings and openness scales were significantly different between respondents attending public and private schools, while those of positive feelings, menstrual symptoms, acceptance of menarche and living with menstruation were respectively similar at Pα0.05. Overall attitude scale indicated a higher negative rating (87.4) when compared with a positive score (12.6%). With a positive attitude as a reference, ethnicity was the only negative attitude predictor (Pα0.05).Conclusions: Adolescents attending public and private schools have negative attitudes toward menstruation and MHM. Therefore, awareness and puberty education through ethnic constructs, on menstruation and MHM before menarche is indispensable to improve their attitude.

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“Students in public and private schools—which are at higher risk of drug use?”: A survey from Iran

10.21203/rs.3.rs-57494/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ali Bahramnejad ◽

Abedin Iranpour ◽

Nouzar Nakhaee

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Public Schools ◽

Drug Use ◽

Private Schools ◽

Private School ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

School Students ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Public And Private

Abstract Background Recent evidence from Western countries suggests that private school students are more prone to drug use. Such an evidence is lacking in Muslim countries. The aim of this study was to examine whether the risk of drug use is higher in private schools than public schools.Methods This cross sectional study was conducted on 650 tenth grade students of Kerman city, the center of largest province of Iran using cluster sampling. Well-validated questionnaires regarding current, lifetime substance use, and perceived use by classmates were utilized. Substances included in the questionnaire were waterpipe, cigarette, alcohol, marijuana, opium, methamphetamine, and Naas. Drug Use Tendency Scale was used to measure the attitudes of students towards drug use.Results The response rate was 93.7%. More than 82% of sample were public school students (n = 504). Current use of cigarette and marijuana was higher in private schools (12.2% and 3.0%, respectively) than public schools (4.4% and 0.5%, respectively) (P < 0.05). Perceived prevalence of cigarette smoking by classmates was higher among private school students.Conclusion Despite the popular belief that private schools are better than public schools regarding the risk of substance use, students who attend private schools may be at a higher risk of turning to some drugs comparing to public schools in Iran.

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“Students in public and private schools—which are at higher risk of drug use?”: A survey from Iran

10.21203/rs.3.rs-57494/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ali Bahramnejad ◽

Abedin Iranpour ◽

Nouzar Nakhaee

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Public Schools ◽

Drug Use ◽

Private Schools ◽

Private School ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

School Students ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Public And Private

Abstract Background : Recent evidence from Western countries suggests that private school students are more prone to drug use. Such an evidence is lacking in Muslim countries. The aim of this study was to examine whether the risk of drug use is higher in private schools than public schools. Methods : This cross sectional study was conducted on 650 tenth grade students of Kerman city, the center of largest province of Iran using cluster sampling. Well-validated questionnaires regarding current, lifetime substance use, and perceived use by classmates were utilized. Substances included in the questionnaire were waterpipe, cigarette, alcohol, marijuana, opium, methamphetamine, and Naas. Drug Use Tendency Scale was used to measure the attitudes of students towards drug use. Results : The response rate was 93.7%. More than 82% of sample were public school students (n=504). Current use of cigarette and marijuana was higher in private schools (12.2% and 3.0%, respectively) than public schools (4.4% and 0.5%, respectively) (P<0.05). Perceived prevalence of cigarette smoking by classmates was higher among private school students. Conclusion : Despite the popular belief that private schools are better than public schools regarding the risk of substance use, students who attend private schools may be at a higher risk of turning to some drugs comparing to public schools in Iran.

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Prevalence of asthma symptoms among adolescents in Brazil: National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE 2012)

Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia ◽

10.1590/1809-4503201400050009 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 17 (suppl 1) ◽

pp. 106-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Maurício Lima Barreto ◽

Rita de Cássia Ribeiro-Silva ◽

Deborah Carvalho Malta ◽

Maryane Oliveira-Campos ◽

Marco Antonio Andreazzi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Survey ◽

International Study ◽

Federal District ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Public And Private ◽

Asthma Symptoms ◽

9Th Grade ◽

School Based ◽

High Prevalence

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to describe the prevalence rates of asthma symptoms in Brazil, its Regions and State capitals, according to data from the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey, 2012. Furthermore, it aims to compare the prevalence of asthma in the capitals evaluated by PeNSE 2012 with previous results of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). METHODS: Cross sectional study of 9th grade students at public and private schools of all Brazilian states and the Federal District (Brasília). A self reported questionnaire containing items from the ISAAC was applied in order to identify the presence of asthma symptoms. RESULTS: The results of PeNSE indicate a high prevalence of asthma symptoms (23.2%) and of reports of a previous medical diagnosis of asthma (12.4%). Of the five state capitals in which the PeNSE results were compared to the ISAAC, São Paulo, Curitiba and Porto Alegre presented an increase in the prevalence of asthma symptoms. In Salvador, there was a reduction. CONCLUSION: Brazil is among the countries with the highest prevalence of asthma in the world, and the prevalence is still growing.

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“Students in public and private schools—which are at higher risk of drug use?”: a survey from Iran

Substance Abuse Treatment Prevention and Policy ◽

10.1186/s13011-020-00330-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ali Bahramnejad ◽

Abedin Iranpour ◽

Nouzar Nakhaee

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Public Schools ◽

Drug Use ◽

Private Schools ◽

Private School ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

School Students ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Public And Private

Abstract Background Recent evidence from Western countries suggests that private school students are more prone to drug use. Such an evidence is lacking in Muslim countries. The aim of this study was to examine whether the risk of drug use is higher in private schools than public schools. Methods This cross sectional study was conducted on 650 tenth grade students of Kerman city, the center of largest province of Iran using cluster sampling. Well-validated questionnaires regarding current, lifetime substance use, and perceived use by classmates were utilized. Substances included in the questionnaire were waterpipe, cigarette, alcohol, marijuana, opium, methamphetamine, and Naas. Drug Use Tendency Scale was used to measure the attitudes of students towards drug use. Results The response rate was 93.7%. More than 82% of sample were public school students (n = 504). Current use of cigarette and marijuana was higher in private schools (12.2 and 3.0%, respectively) than public schools (4.4 and 0.5%, respectively) (P < 0.05). Perceived prevalence of cigarette smoking by classmates was higher among private school students. Conclusion Despite the popular belief that private schools are better than public schools regarding the risk of substance use, students who attend private schools may be at a higher risk of turning to some drugs comparing to public schools in Iran.

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Alcohol consumption among Brazilian Adolescents according to the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE 2012)

Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia ◽

10.1590/1809-4503201400050016 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 17 (suppl 1) ◽

pp. 203-214 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Deborah Carvalho Malta ◽

Isis Eloah Machado ◽

Denise Lopes Porto ◽

Marta Maria Alves da Silva ◽

Paula Carvalho de Freitas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Private Schools ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Alcoholic Beverages ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Public And Private ◽

9Th Grade ◽

School Based ◽

Brazilian Students

OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of alcohol consumption among Brazilian students and identify the sociodemographic factors associated alcohol consumption in the last 30 days. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with a cluster sample of 109,104 9th grade students in Brazilian public and private schools in 2012. The prevalence and 95% confidence intervals of the indicators of alcohol consumption were analyzed. RESULTS: Of the students analyzed, 50.3% (95%CI 49.0 - 51.6) experimented one dose of alcoholic beverages or more. The consumption of alcohol in the last 30 days was 26.1% (95%CI 24.5 - 27.7), and there was no difference in prevalence between students from public and private schools. Drunkenness episodes were reported by 21.8% (95%CI 21.1 - 22.5) of the students. The perception of students about the negative reaction of their family if they came home drunk occurred in 89,7% (95%CI 89,6 - 89,9) of cases, and 10% (95%CI 8.9 - 11.1) of them reported having problems with their families or friends because they had been drinking. Among adolescents aged less than 14 years old, the first alcoholic drink intake was predominantly at 12 to 13 years old. The most common way to get a drink was at parties, with friends, buying in them in supermarkets, stores or bars and at home. The consumption of alcohol in the last 30 days was less frequent among boys, increasing with age. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates the extension of alcohol as a problem, making it important to advance in measures such as the improvement of protective legislation for children and adolescents and stricter enforcement in alcohol sales.

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An epidemiological study of prevalence and comorbidity of non-clinical Dyslexia, Dysgraphia and Dyscalculia symptoms in Public and Private Schools of Pakistan

Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.12669/pjms.36.7.2486 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (7) ◽

Author(s):

Farzana Ashraf ◽

Najma Najam

Keyword(s):

Learning Disabilities ◽

Public Schools ◽

School Psychologists ◽

Epidemiological Study ◽

Private Schools ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Public And Private ◽

Creative Commons

Objective: Dealing with Dyslexia, Dysgraphia and Dyscalculia symptoms is a major challenge for teachers and school psychologists while addressing students’ issues. The present study was designed to examine the prevalence and comorbidity of specific learning disabilities (SLD) symptoms such as dyslexia, dysgraphia and dyscalculia in public and private schools of Lahore, Pakistan. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in four schools of Lahore from June, 2019 to December 2019. We examined 666 participants (boys= 384, girls= 282) from two public (n=409) and two private (n=257) schools of Lahore with a mean age of 13 years (SD±1.44). Participants were assessed on Learning Disabilities Checklist (LDC) along with a demographic sheet. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages) and inferential analyses of Chi Square test of association and Cohen’s Kappa by using SPSS version 24. Results: Findings indicated that 39% participants showed SLD symptoms, 33% dyslexia, 48% dysgraphia and 45% dyscalculia symptoms. Significant co-morbidities were seen, such as 30% for dyslexia and dysgraphia symptoms, dyslexia and dyscalculia 26% and dysgraphia and dyscalculia as 36%. Variations in SLD, dyslexia, dysgraphia and dyscalculia symptoms were also seen across gender and schools with significant higher prevalence in public schools. Conclusion: High prevalence of SLD symptoms and comorbidity in students was found which is alarming, particularly in public sector schools in Pakistan. SLD and dyslexia were higher for boys, whereas girls scored high on dysgraphia and dyscalculia. Therefore, there is great need of introducing screening measure of assessment of SLD and management strategies to deal with these issues. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.2486 How to cite this:Ashraf F, Najam N. An epidemiological study of prevalence and comorbidity of non-clinical Dyslexia, Dysgraphia and Dyscalculia symptoms in Public and Private Schools of Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(7):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.7.2486 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Attitude towards menstruation by female in-school adolescents: A comparative cross-sectional study in southwest Nigeria

10.21203/rs.3.rs-32272/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Olufemi Oludare Aluko ◽

Jireh Ngozi Udechukwu ◽

Oluwaseun Anthonia Loto ◽

Ayoola Oluwaniyi Orisawayi ◽

Grace Ojodomo Ojogba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Schools ◽

Private Schools ◽

Negative Attitude ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Attitude Scale ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Public And Private ◽

Menstrual Symptoms

Abstract Background: Menarche and menstruation are natural procedures in a girl’s transition to womanhood. Lack of awareness thereof, before menarche and stigmatizing menstrual hygiene management (MHM) experiences predominate in low resource economies and influences attitude. The study aims to determine and compare the attitude of adolescents attending public and private schools on menstruation and MHM in the study area.Methods: The cross-sectional study recruited 357 respondents, comprising of 177 and 180 female adolescents from public and private schools through a three-stage sampling technique. The study administered a validated, semi-structured questionnaire that was facilitated self-administered. Descriptive and inferential statistics presented results, while binary logistic regression identified predictors of attitude at Pά0.05.Results: Except for religion, other socio-demographic characteristics (age, class, ethnicity, whom adolescents’ lives with, highest education and wealth) were significantly different between public and private schools. However, respondents in public schools were older (15.4±1.75 years) when compared with those attending private schools (14.3±1.18 years). On attitude, negative feelings and openness scales were significantly different between respondents attending public and private schools, while those of positive feelings, menstrual symptoms, acceptance of menarche and living with menstruation were respectively similar at Pα0.05. Overall attitude scale indicated a higher negative rating (87.4) when compared with a positive score (12.6%). With a positive attitude as a reference, ethnicity was the only negative attitude predictor (Pα0.05).Conclusions: Adolescents attending public and private schools have negative attitudes toward menstruation and MHM. Therefore, awareness and puberty education through ethnic constructs, on menstruation and MHM before menarche is indispensable to improve their attitude.

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The social status associated with dental experience among Brazilian children

Ciência & Saúde Coletiva ◽

10.1590/1413-812320202510.32312018 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (10) ◽

pp. 3913-3919

Author(s):

Kamila Azoubel Barreto ◽

Viviane Colares

Keyword(s):

Public Schools ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Social Status ◽

Private Schools ◽

Dental Anxiety ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Caries Experience ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Public And Private ◽

Brazilian Children

Abstract Dentists should be alert not only to clinical variables, but also to socioeconomic, psychological and cultural factors, which have all been associated with the experience of dental caries. The aim of this study of was to assess social status and dental experience among Brazilian children. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 1367 male and female children aged six and seven years enrolled at public and private schools in the city of Recife (Brazil) in 2013. The children at tending public schools were socioeconomically less privileged than those attending private schools. Data were collected through interviews and intraoral examinations. Caries experience was high (53.3%) in the overall sample, but less privileged children had larger percentages of decayed teeth and teeth that required extraction (p < 0.001). Children from less privileged social class had a greater chance of having a low (OR = 1.77 [95%CI 1.33 - 2.35]), moderate (OR = 4.41 [95%CI: 3.18 - 6,14]) and high (OR = 9.55 [95%CI 6.01 - 15.16]) caries experience. They also had a greater chance of never visiting a dentist (OR= 2.90 [95% CI 2.25 - 3.74]) and had dental anxiety (OR = 1.70 [95%CI 1.34-2, 16]). Socioeconomic status influences the dental caries experience, the visits to the dentist and the dental anxiety of the children analyzed.

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