scholarly journals Technical evaluation of serological screening tests for anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies to prevent unnecessary transfusion risks

2008 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogério S. Vaz ◽  
Ana T. B. Guimarães ◽  
Larissa D. Bonanato ◽  
Vanete Thomaz-Soccol
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Serological Screening ◽  
Technical Evaluation

scholarly journals Antenatal Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella and Cytomegalovirus Infection Screening Among Pregnant Women Attending Tertiary University Hospital

2019 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Beril Gurlek ◽  
Sabri Colak
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
High Avidity ◽  
Serological Screening

<p><strong>Objective:</strong> The present study was designed to determine the seroprevalance of Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella, and cytomegalovirus, to investigate the frequency of low and high avidity results among pregnant women and to contribute to the data of our country with the results obtained.</p><p><strong>Study Design:</strong> In the present study, the hospital records of the women who applied to the antenatal outpatient of the Rize Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University Medical Faculty during the first trimester between January 2016 and October 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Toxoplasma gondii, RRubella and cytomegalovirus IgM, IgG and IgG avidity results were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Result:</strong> IgM positivity was found to be 0.83% (29/3490) for Toxoplasma gondii, 0.92% (32/3459) for Rubella and 1.90% (65/3404) for cytomegalovirus; IgG positivity was found to be 33.64% (1174/3490) for Toxoplasma gondii, 90.70% for Rubella (3140/3459), and 99.17% (3376/3404) for cytomegalovirus. Avidity of Toxoplasma gondii was found to be low (3.70%) in 1 patient, borderline (11.11%) in 3 patients, and high avidity in 23 patients (85.18%). Avidity of cytomegalovirus was found to be low (1.75%) in 1 patient, borderline (3.50%) in 2 patients and high avidity (94.73%) in 54 patients. Avidity of Rubella was found to be low (4%) in 1 patient, and high avidity (96%) was found in 24 patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> In our study, although the prevalence of acute infection with Rubella, cytomegalovirus and Toxoplasma gondii was shown to be low in pregnancy in Rize province, serological screening tests for monitoring and informing high-risk groups that are particularly seronegative appear to be important.</p>

scholarly journals Detection of Viable Toxoplasma gondii in Free-Range Pigs from the Special Nature Reserve of Zasavica

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Kuruca ◽  
Ivana Klun ◽  
Aleksandra Uzelac ◽  
Aleksandra Nikolić ◽  
Branko Bobić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Serological Screening ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Modified Agglutination Test ◽  
Successful Isolation ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Great Appreciation

SummaryToxoplasma gondii is considered one of the most successful parasites of humans and animals. The ingestion of viable cysts through the consumption of undercooked pork is recognized as a significant route of human infection with T. gondii. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of viable parasite in tissues of free-range pigs from the Zasavica Special Nature Reserve. All pigs were of the Mangulica breed, raised in a traditional way. The serological screening was performed using a modified agglutination test (MAT). The isolation of viable T. gondii was attempted by a bioassay of pig heart tissue in mice, while the real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) targeted at the 529 bp repetitive element of T. gondii was used to detect parasitic DNA in digested hearts. Specific antibodies were detected in 12 out of 18 pigs examined. The bioassay was performed for five MAT-positive and one MAT-negative pig, and a total of three isolates were obtained. qPCR was performed for all samples, including one MAT-negative sample that was not bioassayed. The presence of T. gondii DNA was confirmed in all hearts with a positive bioassay as well as in one originating from seropositive and one from seronegative pig whose hearts were not bioassayed. The successful isolation of viable cysts, presence of risk factors (such as older age at the time of slaughter) and increased contact with the environment, along with the great appreciation of Serbian consumers towards home-cured Mangulica’s meat, make this breed worthy of consideration as a potentially important reservoir of human infection.

scholarly journals Detection of Anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG and IgM Antibodies and Associated Risk Factors during Pregnancy in Southwest Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Shahrzad Soltani ◽  
Ali Dalir Ghaffari ◽  
Mehdi Sagha Kahvaz ◽  
Mohamad Sabaghan ◽  
Marzieh Pashmforosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Southwest Iran

Background. This research was aimed at evaluating the seroprevalence of acute and chronic Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection in pregnant women and related risk factors in southwest Iran. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, eighty-eight pregnant women were included from October 2019 to December 2019. The presence of anti-T. gondii IgM and IgG antibodies was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, a questionnaire consisting of demographic information was completed for each subject. Results. The overall seroprevalence of T. gondii infection was estimated to be 34.09% (30/88). Of these, 1 (1.13%) and 29 (32.95%) samples were found positive for IgM and IgG, respectively. Regarding the risk factors, the consumption of raw/undercooked meat ( P value = 0.007) and history of abortion ( P value = 0.017) were significantly associated with IgG seroprevalence in pregnant women. Conclusion. The results showed that the pregnant women of southwest Iran might be moderately exposed to T. gondii. Since the risk of acute T. gondii infection in this susceptible group is very important, regular screening tests to diagnose the infection are recommended before pregnancy.

scholarly journals Evaluation of positive serological screening test rates in blood donors with ABO and Rh type blood groups

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (09) ◽  
pp. 4592-4595
Author(s):  
Canan Eren
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Blood Groups ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Screening ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anti Hiv

Background: Blood transfusion is a life-saving method in emergencies. However, it also carries the risk of pathogen transmission, which is called transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs). All donated blood samples were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-hepatitis C virus antibody (anti-HCV), anti-human immunodeficiency virus antigens (anti-HIV½) and syphilis using Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test. This study was designed and carried out to determine the seroprevalences of TTIs among blood donors with different ABO and Rh blood groups. Identification of a relation between different blood groups and TTIs was anticipated. Methods: All blood donors data obtained from the Blood Center of Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital between January 2013 and October 2018 are analyzed retrospectively. Serum samples were examined for HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-HIV½, and VDRL. Results: HBsAg and anti-HIV½ positivity positivity rates were not statistically different according to ABO blood groups (p>0.05). Anti-HCV positivity rates are partially statistically significant (p<0.05). While the incidence of anti-HCV in patients with AB Rh (+) cases was significantly higher than that of 0 Rh (+), A Rh (+) and AB Rh (+) groups, no significant difference was found for the other analyzed blood groups (p>0.05). VDRL positivity rates did not differ significantly (p>0.05). Seropositive cases, as reported by Rh type blood group; HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-HIV½, and VDRL positivity rates were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusions: No significant relationship was found among TTIs and ABO and Rh type blood groups. For blood transfusion safety, screening tests should always and carefully be performed.

scholarly journals IgG and IgM titres Problems in Determining Diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Soedarto Soedarto
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Woman ◽  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Serological Screening ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Sample Test ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

To determine acute Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women, is of interest worldwide due to the risk of congenital toxoplasmosis. Ability to diagnose recently acquired infection in the pregnant woman and congenital infection in the fetus and newborn was improved. Interpreting on maternal serological screening tests by new methods  should not rely on a single sample test but need confirmatory testing through a nationally recognized reference laboratory if results of serological tests are positive.

Physicians' Counseling on Toxoplasma gondii Prepregnancy Screening Tests

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 380-384
Author(s):  
Zahra Sanei ◽  
Fereshte Sheybani ◽  
Saeid Eslami ◽  
HamidReza Naderi ◽  
Zhila Taherzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Screening Tests

Incidence and prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in women in France, 1980–2020: model-based estimation

2013 ◽  
Vol 142 (8) ◽  
pp. 1661-1670 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. NOGAREDA ◽  
Y. LE STRAT ◽  
I. VILLENA ◽  
H. DE VALK ◽  
V. GOULET
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Calendar Time ◽  
Serological Screening ◽  
Seroprevalence Data ◽  
Time Specific

SUMMARYToxoplasmosis is a worldwide zoonosis due to Toxoplasma gondii, a ubiquitous protozoan parasite of warm-blooded animals including humans. In pregnant women, primary infection can cause congenital toxoplasmosis resulting in severe malformations in the newborn. Since 1978, public health authorities in France have implemented a congenital toxoplasmosis prevention programme, including monthly serological screening of all seronegative pregnant women, and treatment in case of seroconversion. However, this programme does not produce systematic surveillance data on incidence and prevalence. Our objective was to estimate the incidence and prevalence of T. gondii infection, and the incidence of seroconversion during pregnancy in women in France. We used a catalytic model to estimate incidence and prevalence of Toxoplasma infection between 1980 and 2020 in women of childbearing age. We used age- and time-specific seroprevalence data obtained from the National Perinatal Surveys (NPS) conducted in 1995, 2003 and 2010. We assumed that incidence depends both on age and calendar time, and can be expressed as the product of two unknown functions. We also estimated incidence of seroconversion during pregnancy in 2010 from the NPS and the National Surveillance of Congenital Toxoplasmosis (ToxoSurv). We combined data of 42208 women aged 15–45 years with serology available from the three NPS. For women aged 30 years the modelled incidence decreased from 7·5/1000 susceptible women in 1980 to 3·5/1000 in 2000. In 2010 the incidence was 2·4/1000. The predicted incidence and prevalence for 2020 was 1·6/1000 and 27%, respectively. The incidence of seroconversion during pregnancy in 2010 was estimated at 2·1/1000 susceptible pregnant women (95% CI 1·3–3·1) from the NPS and 1·9 (95% CI 1·8–2·1) from ToxoSurv. Incidence and prevalence of Toxoplasma infection has decreased markedly during the last 30 years. This decrease may be explained by a lower exposure to the parasite by changes in food habits and by improved hygiene practices in meat production. Modelled estimations were consistent with estimates observed in other studies conducted previously in France. The catalytic modelling provides reliable estimates of incidence and prevalence of Toxoplasma infection over time. This approach might be useful for evaluating preventive programme for toxoplasmosis.

scholarly journals Clinical Features and Symptom Recovery on a Gluten-Free Diet in Canadian Adults with Celiac Disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 449-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Pulido ◽  
Marion Zarkadas ◽  
Sheila Dubois ◽  
Krista MacIsaac ◽  
Isabelle Cantin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Gluten Free Diet ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Serological Screening ◽  
Support Organizations ◽  
Perceived Quality Of Life ◽  
Symptom Recovery ◽  
Delays In Diagnosis

BACKGROUND: Celiac disease can present with mild or nongastrointestinal symptoms, and may escape timely recognition. The treatment of celiac disease involves a gluten-free diet, which is complex and challenging.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical features and symptom recovery on a gluten-free diet in a Canadian adult celiac population.METHODS: All adult members (n=10,693) of the two national celiac support organizations, the Canadian Celiac Association andFondation québécoise de la maladie coeliaque,were surveyed using a questionnaire.RESULTS: A total of 5912 individuals (≥18 years of age) with biopsy-confirmed celiac disease and/or dermatitis herpetiformis completed the survey. The female to male ratio was 3:1, and mean (± SD) age at diagnosis was 45.2±16.4 years. Mean time to diagnosis after onset of symptoms was 12.0±14.4 years. Abdominal pain and bloating (84.9%), extreme weakness/tiredness (74.2%), diarrhea (71.7%) and anemia (67.8%) were the most commonly reported symptoms at the time of diagnosis. Many respondents continued to experience symptoms after being on a gluten-free diet for >5 years. Sex differences were reported in clinical features before diagnosis, recovery after being on gluten-free diet and perceived quality of life, with women experiencing more difficulties than men.CONCLUSIONS: Delays in diagnosis of celiac disease in Canada remain unacceptably long despite wider availability of serological screening tests. Many patients report continuing symptoms despite adhering to a gluten-free diet for >5 years, with women experiencing more symptoms and a lower recovery rate than men. Awareness of celiac disease needs improvement, and follow-up with a physician and a dietitian is essential for all patients with celiac disease.

scholarly journals Serological screening and toxoplasmosis exposure factors among pregnant women in South of Brazil

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Maria Spalding ◽  
Maria Regina Reis Amendoeira ◽  
Carlos Henrique Klein ◽  
Luis Carlos Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Serological Screening ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
South Of Brazil

Serological screening and evaluation of exposure factors for Toxoplasma gondii transmission were conducted in 2126 pregnant women from southern Brazil. Specific antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii were presented by 74.5% (n=1583) of the pregnant women evaluated. Contact with soil was found to be the major factor for infection.

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