scholarly journals Mechanical, structural and tribological properties of superaustenitic stainless steel submitted at solution heat treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana Cristina Nascimento Borges ◽  
Willian Rafael de Oliveira ◽  
Jonas Kublitski
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Steel ◽  
Instrumented Indentation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Superaustenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Space Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Σ Phase ◽  
Bulk Data ◽  
Corrosive Environments

The superaustenitic stainless steel presents several technological applications, mainly in corrosive environments. The different phase precipitation might alter some of its mechanical properties. Such alterations affect several factors, including the working life of the material under adverse working conditions. In this study, Instrumented Indentation techniques, Tribology and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to evaluate alterations in regions close to the surface. The parameters analyzed were: hardness and elastic modulus (instrumented indentation), friction coefficient (tribology) and structural alterations of the unit cell of the identified phases (XRD - Rietveld Refinement). All properties analyzed were compared with those of common austenitic steel. The presence of σ-phase (space group P42mnm) and γ-austenite (space group Fm3m) were detected. Data analyzed indicated that the presence of σ-phase caused small alteration in properties such as hardness in regions close to the surface. In the regions farther from the surface (material bulk) data can be compared to that of conventional austenitic steel.

scholarly journals Corrosion inhibition of austenitic stainless steel by clay in polluted phosphoric acid with presence of SiC abrasif

2018 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 01049 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Skal ◽  
Y. Kerroum ◽  
Y. El Aoufir ◽  
A. Guenbour ◽  
A. Bellaouchou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Corrosion Damage ◽  
Electrochemical Process ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Corrosive Environments

Stainless steels have many properties mechanical and chemical resistances resulting from the formation of the protective layer (passive film) on their surface which prevents the metal to react with corrosive environments such as, phosphoric acid. This acid contains various impurities, including agressive agents and solid particles of gypsum, increase the risk of corrosion damage depending on the type of stainless steel used. In addition, it has been show that abrasion-corrosion causes an acceleration electrochemical process leading to a decrease in the resistance of materials. This work is to find a solution through an ecological inhibitor. That why we have been studied the effect of crude clay on corrosion behavior of Alloy 31 in polluted phosphoric acid with abrasive by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) . The clay was characterized by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (FX), X-ray diffraction (DRX) and infrared spectroscopy (IR). EIS exhibited that resistance of Alloy 31 increased with increase the concentration of inhibitor.

Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Sr7H12X2 (X = Cl, Br)

2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 513-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaf Reckeweg ◽  
Jay C. Molstad ◽  
Scott Levy ◽  
Constantin Hoch ◽  
Francis J. DiSalvo
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Space Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Difference Fourier ◽  
New Compounds

Dichroic, pink to blue single crystals of Sr7H12Cl2 and Sr7H12Br2 were obtained by reacting Sr with SrX2 or NaX and NaNH2 or NH4X (X = Cl, Br) as hydrogen sources in a Na melt at 900 °C for 12 h in silica-jacketed stainless-steel or Ta ampoules. The crystal structures of the new compounds were determined by means of single crystal X-ray diffraction. Both title compounds crystallize isotypically to Ba7Cl2F12 in the hexagonal space group P6̅ (no. 174) with the lattice parameters a = 998.06(3), c = 392.84(3) pm for Sr7H12Cl2 and a = 1004.62(3), c = 399.68(3) pm for Sr7H12Br2. The hydride positions taken from the difference Fourier map agree with those of the fluorides of the isotypic compound Ba7F12Cl12. The validity of our structural results is corroborated by EUTAX calculations and the comparison to SrH2, SrX2 and SrHX.

Phase Transformations on ASTM a 744 Gr. CN3MN Superaustenitic Stainless Steel after Heat Treatment

2011 ◽  
Vol 312-315 ◽  
pp. 56-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcio Ritoni ◽  
M. Martins ◽  
F. C. Nascimento ◽  
Paulo Roberto Mei
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Phase Transformations ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Sigma Phase ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Superaustenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
X Ray

The superaustenitic stainless steel ASTM A 744 Gr. CN3MN (22Cr-25Ni-7Mo-0.2N) has as mainly characteristic high corrosion resistance in severe environment. As the corrosion resistance depends on the microstructure, it was investigated the phase transformations after a solution treatment at 1200°C. Thermocalc calculation for 53Fe-25Ni-22Cr alloy indicates austenitic phase between 1300 and 800°C and austenite + sigma phase below 800°C. The as-cast steel studied presented 2.7 % of precipitates volume fraction and the precipitates were located on the grain boundaries and inside the austenitic grains. X-ray diffraction confirmed the presence of sigma phase in as-cast sample. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the level of Cr and Mo was higher in the precipitates than in the austenitic matrix and the Ni content was higher in matrix compared to precipitates. After heating at 1200°C during 90 minutes, the precipitate volume fraction was reduced to 2.1 % and the grain boundaries precipitates were dissolved. The microstructural analyses made through transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction showed the presence sigma phase and M6C carbide.

Crystal structure of an inclusion complex between chiral monoaza-15-crown-5 and S(–)-1-phenyl-ethyl ammonium percholorate

2003 ◽  
Vol 218 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Süheyla Özbey ◽  
F. B. Kaynak ◽  
M. Toğrul ◽  
N. Demirel ◽  
H. Hoşgören
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Inclusion Complex ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Space Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
New Type

AbstractA new type of inclusion complex, S(–)-1 phenyl ethyl ammonium percholorate complex of R-(–)-2-ethyl - N - benzyl - 4, 7, 10, 13 - tetraoxa -1- azacyclopentadecane, has been prepared and studied by NMR, IR and single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. The compound crystallizes in space group

Crystal structure determination of the conformation of two bicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-ones

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1166-1169 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Richardson ◽  
Ted S. Sorensen
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Direct Methods ◽  
Chair Conformation ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Boat Conformation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Space Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Final Agreement

The molecular structures of exo-7-methylbicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-3-one, 3, and the endo-7-methyl isomer, 4, have been determined using X-ray-diffraction techniques. Compound 3 crystallizes in the space group [Formula: see text] with a = 15.115(1), c = 7.677(2) Å, and Z = 8 while 4 crystallizes in the space group P21 with a = 6.446(1), b = 7.831(1), c = 8.414(2) Å, β = 94.42(2)°, and Z = 2. The structures were solved by direct methods and refined to final agreement factors of R = 0.041 and R = 0.034 for 3 and 4 respectively. Compound 3 exists in a chair–chair conformation and there is no significant flattening of the chair rings. However, in 4, the non-ketone ring is forced into a boat conformation. These results are significant in interpreting what conformations may be present in the related sp2-hybridized carbocations.

Single-crystal investigation of Ce5AgxGe4−x (x = 0.1−1.08) with Sm5Ge4 type

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 765-768
Author(s):  
Bohdana Belan ◽  
Dorota Kowalska ◽  
Mariya Dzevenko ◽  
Mykola Manyako ◽  
Roman Gladyshevskii
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Diffraction Data ◽  
Binary Compound ◽  
Lattice Parameters ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Space Group ◽  
X Ray

AbstractThe crystal structure of the phase Ce5AgxGe4−x (x = 0.1−1.08) has been determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction data for Ce5Ag0.1Ge3.9. This phase is isotypic with Sm5Ge4: space group Pnma (No. 62), Pearson code oP36, Z = 4, a = 7.9632(2), b = 15.2693(5), c = 8.0803(2) Å; R1 = 0.0261, wR2 = 0.0460, 1428 F2 values and 48 variables. The two crystallographic positions 8d and 4c show Ge/Ag mixing, leading to a slight increase in the lattice parameters as compared to those of the pure binary compound Ce5Ge4.

New mixed-valent alkali chain sulfido ferrates A1+x[FeS2] (A = K, Rb, Cs; x = 0.333–0.787)

2020 ◽  
Vol 235 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 275-290
Author(s):  
Michael Schwarz ◽  
Pirmin Stüble ◽  
Katharina Köhler ◽  
Caroline Röhr
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Metal ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Monoclinic Space Group ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Modulated Structure ◽  
Space Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Local Coordination ◽  
Natural Pyrite

AbstractFour new mixed-valent chain alkali metal (A) sulfido ferrates of the general structure family ${A}_{1+x}\left[{\text{Fe}}_{x}^{\text{II}}{\text{Fe}}_{1-x}^{\text{III}}{\text{S}}_{2}\right]$ were synthesized in the form of tiny green-metallic needles from nearly stoichiometric melts reacting elemental potassium with natural pyrite (A = K) or previously prepared Rb2S/Cs2S2 with elemental iron and sulfur (A = Rb/Cs). The crystal structures of the compounds were determined by means of single crystal X-ray diffraction: In the (3+1)D modulated structure of K7.15[FeS2]4 (space group Ccce(00σ3)0s0, a = 1363.87(5), b = 2487.23(13), c = 583.47(3) pm, q = 0,0,0.444, R1 = 0.055/0.148, x = 0.787), a position modulation of the two crystallographically different undulated ${}_{\infty }{}^{1}\left[{\text{FeS}}_{4/2}\right]$ tetrahedra chains and the surrounding K cations is associated with an occupation modulation of one of the three potassium sites. In the case of the new monoclinic rubidium ferrate Rb4[FeS2]3 (x = $\frac{1}{3}$; space group P21/c, a = 1640.49(12), b = 1191.94(9), c = 743.33(6) pm, β = 94.759(4)°, Z = 4, R1 = 0.1184) the undulation of the tetrahedra chain is commensurate, the repetition unit consists of six tetrahedra. In the second new Rb ferrate, Rb7[FeS2]5 (x = 0.4; monoclinic, space group C2/c, K7[FeS2]5-type; a = 2833.9(2), b = 1197.36(9), c = 744.63(6) pm, β = 103.233(4)°, Z = 4, R1 = 0.1474) and its isotypic mixed Rb/Cs-analog Rb3.6Cs3.4[FeS2]5 (a = 2843.57(5), b = 1226.47(2), c = 759.890(10) pm, β = 103.7170(9)°, R1 = 0.0376) the chain buckling leads to a further increased repetition unit of 10 tetrahedra. For all mixed-valent ferrates, the Fe–S bond lengths continuously increase with the amount (x) of Fe(II). The buckling of the chains is controlled through the local coordination of the S atoms by the variable number of A cations of different sizes.

Strukturuntersuchungen an Diaryldichalkogeniden: Die Molekülstrukturen von [2,4,6-(CF3)3C6H2S]2,[2,4,6-Me3C6H2Te]2 und [2-Me2N-4,6-(CF3)2C6H2Te]2 / Structural Investigations of Diaryl Dichalcogenides: The Molecular Structures of [2,4,6-(CF3)3C6H2S]2, [2,4,6-Me3C6H2Te]2 and [2-Me2N-4,6-(CF3)2C6H2Te]2

1992 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Edelmann ◽  
Sally Brooker ◽  
Norbert Bertel ◽  
Mathias Noltemeyer ◽  
Herbert W. Roesky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Monoclinic Space Group ◽  
Crystal Data ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Orthorhombic Space Group ◽  
Structural Investigations ◽  
Space Group ◽  
X Ray

Abstract The Molecular Structures of [2,4,6-(CF3)3C6H2S]2 (1) [2,4,6-Me3C6H2Te]2 and [2-Me2N-4,6-(CF3)2C6H2Te]2 (3) have been determined by X-ray diffraction. Crystal data: 1: orthorhombic, space group P212121, Z = 4, a = 822.3(2), b = 1029.2(2), c = 2526.6(5) pm (2343 observed independent reflexions, R = 0.042); 2: orthorhombic, space group Iba 2, Z = 8, a = 1546.5(2), b = 1578.4(2), c = 1483.9(1) pm (2051 observed independent reflexions, R = 0.030); 3: monoclinic, space group P 21/c, Z = 4, a = 1118.7(1), b = 1536.5(2), c = 1492.6(2) pm, β = 98.97(1)° (3033 observed independent reflexions, R = 0.025).

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