scholarly journals Selection of culture media and in vitro assessment of temperature-dependent development of Nomuraea rileyi

2004 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio D. Edelstein ◽  
Roberto E. Lecuona ◽  
Eduardo V. Trumper
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Nomuraea Rileyi ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Dependent Development ◽  
In Vitro Assessment ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Testing Methods Affecting the Antagonistic Ability of  Pseudomonas Biocontrol Strains

2002 ◽  
Vol 51 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Jevcsák ◽  
Bálint Oldal ◽  
L. Ködöböcz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Selection Of

The antagonistic effect of thirteen Pseudomonas aeruginosa and thirteen strains of other Pseudomonas species was studied on the soil-borne phytopathogenic Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium solani fungi.  The inhibition of pathogen colony growth was tested with two different in vitro techniques using the same type of culture media. In case of the spread slant technique the antagonists induced a significantly stronger inhibition on the growth of pathogens than in case of spot transfer. Among the 26 investigated Pseudomonas strains, P. aeruginosa strains were generally more effective against the fungal pathogens. Rhizoctonia solani proved to be affected to a greater extent by the bacterial strains studied than the Fusarium solani representative. The possibility of in vitro strain selection of biocontrol microbes is being further discussed .

scholarly journals 725. WCK 5222 (Cefepime/Zidebactam): An In Vitro Assessment of Activity Compared with Current Dual-Antibiotic Options Against Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S325-S325
Author(s):  
Elias M Mullane ◽  
Lindsay M Avery ◽  
David P Nicolau
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Gradient Diffusion ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
In Vitro Assessment ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PSA) is an opportunistic pathogen known to cause complications in critically ill patients worldwide. In those at risk of infection with multidrug-resistant strains (MDR-PSA), dual antibiotic therapy is often considered. However, this practice may contribute to rising resistance rates and poor outcomes if empirical selection is suboptimal. WCK 5222 (cefepime/zidebactam), a novel β-lactam/β-lactam enhancer, may offer a solution. Methods Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined for WCK 5222, amikacin (AMK), fosfomycin (FOF), cefepime (FEP), ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T), and meropenem (MEM) against 18 clinical PSA isolates using gradient diffusion strip (GDS) methods. Activities of FEP, C/T, and MEM in combination with AMK and FOF were assessed using GDS for isolates nonsusceptible to the β-lactam (MICs >8 mg/L, >4/4 mg/L, and >2 mg/L, respectively). Synergy was defined as a fractional inhibitory concentration index ≤ 0.5. Instances of restored β-lactam susceptibility when tested in combination were compared with the proportion of WCK 5222 MICs ≤ 8 mg/L. Results WCK 5222 MICs ranged from 2 to 32 mg/L (MIC50, 8 mg/L). Rates of susceptibility were: AMK (67%), FOF (44%, MIC ≤ 64 mg/L), FEP (6%), C/T (33%), MEM (0%). Combinations with C/T most frequently demonstrated synergy (C/T-FOF, 42%; C/T-AMK, 33%) and restored C/T susceptibility was observed in 42% of assessments with FOF and in 50% with AMK. For FEP combinations, synergy was observed in 29% and 18% of assessments with FOF and AMK, respectively, with restored susceptibility in 6% for both combinations. Synergy occurred in 11% and 6% of assessments of MEM with FOF and AMK, respectively, with zero instances of restored susceptibility. In total, β-lactam susceptibility was restored in 14% (13/94) of combinations compared with 78% (14/18) of WCK 5222 MICs ≤ 8 mg/L. Conclusion In a selection of MDR-PSA isolates that included carbapenem- and C/T-resistant strains, WCK 5222 MICs ≤ 8 mg/L (cefepime susceptible) were observed more frequently than restoration of susceptibility in select β-lactams in combination with FOF or AMK. WCK 5222 monotherapy may offer enhanced coverage of MDR-PSA over empirically selected combination therapies. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals In vitro Production of Porcine Embryos: Current Status and Possibilities – A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 775-796
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Poniedziałek-Kempny
Keyword(s):  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Developmental Competence ◽  
Current Status ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Maturation Medium ◽  
Vitro Production ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThis paper presents the current possibilities, state of knowledge and prospects of in vitro production (IVP) of pig embryos, which consists of in vitro oocyte maturation, in vitro fertilization and in vitro embryo culture. In pigs, oocyte maturation is one of the most important stages in the embryo IVP process. It determines the oocyte’s fertilization ability as well as its embryonic development. Through many research studies of the proper selection of oocytes and appropriate maturation medium composition (especially the addition of various supplements), the in vitro maturation of pig oocytes has been significantly improved. Recent studies have demonstrated that modifications of the diluents and in vitro fertilization media can reduce polyspermy. Furthermore, several adjustments of the porcine culture media with the addition of some supplements have enhanced the embryo quality and developmental competence. These updates show the progress of IVP in pigs that has been achieved; however, many problems remain unsolved.

scholarly journals SUN PROTECTION FACTOR DETERMINATION STUDIES OF SOME SUNSCREEN FORMULATIONS USED IN COSMETICS FOR THEIR SELECTION

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5-s) ◽  
pp. 149-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masheer Ahmed Khan
Keyword(s):  
Sun Protection ◽  
Protection Factor ◽  
Dynamic View ◽  
Laboratory Measure ◽  
In Vitro Assessment ◽  
Sun Protection Factor ◽  
Uv Dose ◽  
Selection Of

The study involves determination of sun protection factor (SPF) values of some sunscreen formulations for their use in cosmetics.  The Sun Protection Factor (SPF) is a very popular instrument in the marketing of sunscreens. Sun protection factor is a laboratory measure of the effectiveness of sunscreen, the higher the SPF, the more protection a sunscreen offers against the ultraviolet radiations causing sunburn. It is often not understood how sunscreens work and where the limitations of the SPF are. A lot of aspects of the SPF are confusing, e.g. the race for higher and higher numbers, the effect on SPF when less sunscreen is applied and if sunscreen should be used at all because they may block the Vitamin D synthesis. The study explains how sunscreens work, how the SPF is determined and where the limitations of the current methods exist. The dynamic view of 'UV radiation applied' and the 'UV dose transmitted' through the sunscreen onto the skin as well as onto a substrate in vitro help in the understanding and are also promising approaches in the in vitro assessment. The study is helpful in selection of some sunscreens formulations used in cosmetics with better safety and high SPF values. Keywords: Sun Protection Factor, SPF, Sunscreens

USE OF BIOTECHNOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES IN BLACK CURRANT REPRODUCTION

1970 ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
Т. М. Khromova ◽  
L. V. Tashmatova ◽  
О. V. Matsneva ◽  
V. V. Shakhov
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
Clonal Micropropagation ◽  
Emerging Issues ◽  
Selection Of

Currently, methods for the culture of isolated tissues and organs have been widely used to solve theoretical and applied problems of biotechnology. The article discusses the theoretical aspects of the use of biotechnological techniques in the reproduction of black currants (Ribes nigrum L.). The need for the use of biotechnological methods in the rapid reproduction of various forms and varieties of black currants due to the difficulty of reproduction of a number of genotypes by traditional methods, especially forms obtained using interspecific hybridization. Among the emerging issues are the following: find donors of valuable traits with the aim of increasing ecological plasticity of cultivated plants; a study of the influence of qualitative and quantitative composition of nutrient media for the cultivated plants, optimization of the timing of the introduction of plants and selection of optimal modifications of culture media with the varietal characteristics at different stages of cultivation; the study of the influence of hormonal and other biologically active substances on development of plants in conditions of culture in vitro. In the article literary sources, which describe those additional issues relating to process optimization clonal micropropagation of black currant. All stages of cultivation of the given culture in conditions in vitro from initiation to adaptation in non-sterile conditions are considered. The factors that determine the success of reproduction are described: terms of introduction into the culture and types of explants, selection of sterilizing agent, optimization of the nutrient medium depending on the passage, the influence of different components of the medium on regenerative plants. The methods of microclonal reproduction, developed by scientists of leading research organizations, data on ways to combat phenolic oxidation of the nutrient medium.

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