scholarly journals Apparent digestibility of wheat and coproducts in extruded diets for the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-491
Author(s):  
Luiz Vítor Oliveira VIDAL ◽  
Tadeu Orlandi XAVIER ◽  
Lorena Batista de MOURA ◽  
Mariana MICHELATO ◽  
Elias Nunes MARTINS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Wheat Germ ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Gross Energy

SUMMARY In the present study, we investigated the digestibility of wheat and its coproducts in extruded diets for juvenile Nile tilapia. Specifically, we evaluated the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter (ADCDM), gross energy (ADCGE), crude protein (ADCCP), essential amino acids (EAAs), and non-essential amino acids (NEAAs) in winter wheat, spring wheat, wheat middling, wheat bran, and wheat germ in a diet fed Nile tilapia. A reference diet and test diets were used, with 5.0g/kg chromic oxide (Cr2O3) as the external indicator. The ADCDM, ADCCP, and ADCGE were higher (P< 0.05) in winter wheat, spring wheat, and wheat germ than for wheat middling and wheat bran. The ADCs of all amino acids (AAs) were >80%, except for threonine in wheat middling and wheat bran, exceeding 90% for winter wheat and wheat germ. The values of all investigated ingredients were high for ADCCP, and the ADCs of EAAs and NEAAs. A strong negative correlation was detected for crude fiber and ash with the ADCs of dry matter, gross energy, and crude protein. In general, wheat ingredients have good digestibility of protein and amino acids, but high fiber content reduces CDAMS and CDAEB in extruded diets for Nile tilapia.

scholarly journals Apparent digestibility of energetic ingredients by pirarucu juveniles, Arapaima gigas (Schinz, 1822)

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 786-791
Author(s):  
Filipe Dos Santos-Cipriano ◽  
Kauana Santos de Lima ◽  
Érica Bevitório-Passinato ◽  
Raildo Mota de Jesus ◽  
Francisco Oliveira de Magalhães Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gross Energy

An understanding of feed ingredient digestibility for the pirarucu is a fundamental step in the development of feeds that promote proper growth of the specie while in captivity. A digestibility trial was conducted with four treatments in triplicate (corn starch, corn, rice bran and wheat bran) to evaluate the digestibility of dry matter, gross energy, crude protein and amino acids by the pirarucu. We used indirect methodology with the inclusion of chromium oxide at 0.1% in the feeds. In total, 18 juveniles were used, with an average live weight of 235 ± 36 g. The sampled juveniles were trained to consume the feeds prior to testing. The corn and cornstarch presented the best apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter, with 76.37% and 70.66%, respectively, followed by rice bran (46.23%) and wheat bran (45.13%). The best ADCs of crude protein were observed in corn (93.44%) and cornstarch (90.94%) compared to rice bran (68.23%) and wheat bran (68.58%). There was no significant difference in the ADC of gross energy; the values ranged from 47.10% for corn starch to 40.10% for corn. The corn and corn starch presented the best ADCs for all the amino acids evaluated, followed by rice bran and wheat bran.

scholarly journals Apparent digestibility of nutrients, energy, and amino acid of nontoxic and detoxified physic nut cakes for Nile tilapia

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 849-853
Author(s):  
Hamilton Hisano ◽  
Marco Aurélio Lopes Della Flora ◽  
José Luiz Pilecco ◽  
Simone Mendonça
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
The Other ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Physic Nut ◽  
Apparent Digestibility Coefficient ◽  
Gross Energy

Abstract:The objective of this work was to evaluate the apparent digestibility coefficients of nutrients, energy, and amino acids of nontoxic and detoxified physic nut cakes treated with solvent plus posterior extrusion, for Nile tilapia. The apparent digestibility coefficients of crude protein and gross energy were higher for detoxified than for nontoxic physic nut cake. However, the apparent digestibility coefficient of ether extract of the nontoxic physic nut cake was higher than that of the detoxified one. The apparent digestibility coefficient of amino acids of both feed ingredients was superior to 80%, except for glycine, for the nontoxic psychic nut cake, and for threonine, for the detoxified one. Nontoxic and detoxified physic nut cakes show apparent digestibility coefficient values equivalent to those of the other evaluated oilseeds and potential for inclusion in Nile tilapia diets.

scholarly journals True and apparent digestibility of protein and amino acids of feed in Nile tilapia

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 939-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Barbosa Ribeiro ◽  
Eduardo Arruda Teixeira Lanna ◽  
Marcos Antonio Delmondes Bomfim ◽  
Juarez Lopes Donzele ◽  
Moisés Quadros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Corn Gluten Meal ◽  
Corn Gluten ◽  
True Digestibility

It was determined in this work the coefficients of apparent and true digestibility of protein and amino acids of five feeds (corn, wheat bran, soybean meal, corn gluten meal, fish meal) in Nile tilapia. It was used 252 reverted Thai strain Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in growth phase, with weight of 310 ± 9.68 g, distributed in experimental randomized blocks design, with five treatments, six replicates per treatment and seven fish per experimental unit. Each experimental diet contained a single source of protein, composed by the studied ingredients. An additional group of fish was fed protein-free diet for quantification of the endogenous fraction and determination of true digestibility coefficients. Digestibility was estimated by the indirect method by using chromium oxide at the concentration of 0.50% of the diet as a marker, performing fecal collection at every four hour interval by using decantation technique. Coefficients of apparent digestibility of the protein and amino acids are: corn, 83.57 and 82.45%; wheat bran 82.87 and 81.47%; soybean meal 91.12 and 89.41%; corn gluten meal 90.07 and 87.78%; fish meal 83.53 and 81.65% respectively. Coefficients of true digestibility of protein and the mean of the amino acids are: corn, 90.02 and 89.60%; wheat bran 89.62 and 89.14%; soybean meal 93.58 and 91.88%; corn gluten meal 92.50 and 90.34%; fish meal 86.01 and 84.27%, respectively.

scholarly journals Apparent digestibility of ingredients in diets for Salminus brasiliensis

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís Gustavo Tavares Braga ◽  
Ricardo Borghesi ◽  
José Eurico Possebon Cyrino
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Corn Gluten Meal ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Corn Gluten ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Salminus Brasiliensis ◽  
Spray Dried

The objective of this work was to determine the nutritional value of different protein sources for "dourado" (Salminus brasiliensis). Thirty juveniles per group (33.51±1.4 g) were hand fed on a reference diet (70%) added of tested ingredients (30%) and chromium oxide III (0.1%). Apparent digestibility coefficients of the gross energy (ADC GE), crude protein (ADC CP) and amino acids of the tested ingredients were evaluated. Corn gluten meal yielded the best results for ADC GE and ADC CP (95.7 and 96.9%, respectively) amongst plant ingredients. Spray-dried blood meal yielded the best values of ADC GE and ADC CP amongst animal ingredients (94.1 and 96.3%, respectively). Wheat bran yielded poorest ADCs coefficients (77 for ADC GE and 88.2% for ADC CP).

scholarly journals Apparent digestibility of nutrients and energy of conventional ingredients for the silver mojarra, Diapterus rhombeus

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 1655
Author(s):  
Francisco Oliveira de Magalhães Júnior ◽  
Ricardo Henrique Bastos de Souza ◽  
Érica Bevitório Passinato ◽  
Filipe Dos Santos Cipriano ◽  
Kauana Santos Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Corn Meal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Corn Gluten ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Maize Meal

Knowledge on the nutritional value of feed ingredient is an important step in the formulation of diets in order to maximize animal productivity. Thus a study was conducted to determine the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of dry matter (ADCDM), crude protein (ADCCP), gross energy (ADCGE) and amino acids (ADCAA) of conventional feed ingredients for juvenile silver mojarra (13.0 ± 3.23 g). The study was conducted in the laboratory for nutrition and feeding of fish (AQUANUT), using 80 silver mojarra collected in nature, which were kept in digestibility aquaria for a period of 21 days. The following ingredients were evaluated: fish meal, soybean meal, corn meal, corn gluten meal, rice bran, wheat bran and starch, which substituted 30% of a reference pelletized diet with 325.00 g kg-1 crude protein and 3,692 Kcal kg-1 gross energy. Additionally 1.0 g kg-1 chrome oxide was added to each diet as a marker. The excreta were obtained using three repetitions for each tested ingredient, which were dried for further analyses. The soybean meal showed the best ADCDM value (67.45%), followed by the other ingredients. There was no significant difference between the soybean meal (95.16%), fish meal (92.97%) and the corn meal (91.90%) for the best ADCCP coefficients. The ADCGE for soybean meal and maize meal were 65.23% and 60.31%, respectively, followed by fish meal (51.85%). The results demonstrate that silver mojarra can digest animal protein as well as that of vegetal origin. Silver mojarra can also efficiently digest and absorb some of the main amino acids of fish, such as lysine, methionine and threonine, from the same studied ingredients.

Varietal differences in the nutritive value of cereal grains for pigs

1989 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Fuller ◽  
A. Cadenhead ◽  
D. S. Brown ◽  
A. C. Brewer ◽  
M. Carver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
N Content ◽  
Low Protein

SUMMARYEstimates were made of the dry matter (DM) yield and N content of cereal grains harvested from trial plots. They included 236 combinations of variety and treatment, with 13 varieties of winter wheat grown under six husbandry regimes, 14 varieties of spring barley under three husbandry regimes and ten varieties of winter barley under 11 husbandry regimes. The husbandry included timing and rate of fertilizer application, use of growth regulator and fungicide, and seed rate.For all three cereals, there were highly significant positive associations between grain N content (g/kg DM) and grain DM yield (t/ha) when individual varieties were grown under different conditions. The regression coefficients were: winter wheat 2·28, spring barley 0·74 and winter barley 1·06. When varieties were compared under constant husbandry, the association between N content and yield was negative; the regression coefficients were: winter wheat – 1·53, spring barley –1·14 and winter barley –1·21.The contents of lysine, threonine, isoleucine and valine were examined in 19 samples of winter wheat, 19 of spring barley and 21 of winter barley. Each cereal type included a comparison of varieties under one husbandry regime and a comparison of husbandry regimes in one variety.The amino acid composition of wheat protein changed little with either variety or treatment. In spring and winter barley, lysine concentration in grain protein (g/16 g N) decreased with increases in grain N which arose from additional fertilizer N. There were similar decreases in threonine, isoleucine and valine in winter barley, but varietal differences in grain N were not associated with significant changes in the amino acid composition of grain protein.The nutritive values of spring barley, winter barley and winter wheat were compared in digestion and N balance studies in growing pigs. A subset often samples was examined which included, for each cereal type, high- and low-protein varieties, each (except for spring barley) grown with high or low rates of applied fertilizer N.Apparent digestibility of dry matter measured at the terminal ileum was similar (0·67–0·70) in all three types of cereal but there was a tendency for the DM of high-protein varieties to be digested better than that of low-protein varieties. Over the whole digestive tract, the apparent digestibility of the DM of wheat was higher (0·83) than that of barley (0·75).The apparent digestion of the starch of all samples was virtually complete (0·98) by the end of the ileum; the remainder was digested in the large intestine.The apparent digestibility of N up to the terminal ileum was significantly higher for wheat than for barley, and significantly higher in high- than in low-protein varieties. Over the whole gastro-intestinal tract, the difference between the cereals was even larger; a greater proportion of wheat N than of barley N was digested in the large intestine.The rate of N fertilizer application did not significantly affect the apparent digestibility of any amino acid but there were significant differences amongst the cereal types in the apparent digestibility of seven amino acids. The amino acids in high-protein varieties were, on average, 6 % more digestible than those in low-protein varieties.When allowance was made for the endogenous flow of amino acids, some of the differences between cereals and between high- and low-protein varieties disappeared but some significant differences remained.The biological value (BV) of wheat protein (0·43) was significantly lower than that of barley protein (mean 0·57). When pigs were fed wheat as the sole protein source, the higher N content of wheat compensated for its lower BV. There were no significant differences in the rates of N retention between pigs fed on wheat or barley.

scholarly journals Dynamical Hybrid System for Optimizing and Controlling Efficacy of Plant-Based Protein in Aquafeeds

Complexity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Serge Dossou ◽  
Mahmoud A. O. Dawood ◽  
Amr I. Zaineldin ◽  
Ibrahim A. Abouelsaad ◽  
Kumbukani Mzengereza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid System ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Paralichthys Olivaceus ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Olive Flounder ◽  
Crude Lipid ◽  
Gross Energy

In this paper, a mathematical model was used to evaluate a dynamical hybrid system for optimizing and controlling the efficacy of plant-based protein in aquafeeds. Fishmeal (FM), raw rapeseed meal (RM), and a fermented meal with yeast (RM-Yeast) and fungi (Aspergillus oryzae RM-Koji) were used as test ingredients for the determination of apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter, crude protein, crude lipid, energy, and essential amino acids (EAA) for olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus, 7 ± 0.02 g) using diets containing 0.5% Cr2O3 as an inert indicator. Among all ingredients tested, FM had the maximum ADC of dry matter ( P < 0.05 ), protein ( P < 0.05 ), lipid ( P > 0.05 ), and energy ( P > 0.05 ). Fermented meals (RM-Yeast and RM-Koji) showed higher ADC ( P < 0.05 ) of crude protein compared with RM, while there was no significance in ADCs of crude lipid and energy among different forms of rapeseed meal. Besides, ADC of crude lipid for RM-Yeast and RM-Koji, on the one hand, and ADC of gross energy for RM-Yeast, on the other hand, were not varied from that for FM ( P > 0.05 ). Amino acid digestibility reflects protein digestibility in most cases. Interestingly, protease, lipase, and amylase activities were better expressed in RM-Koji, RM-Yeast, and FM over RM, respectively. The current results deliver important information on nutrients and energy bioavailability in raw and fermented RM, which can be implemented to accurately formulate applied feeds for olive flounder. Compared with other applicable systems, the complexity of the approach implemented has been considerably reduced.

Studies on cannulation method and alternative indigestible markers and the effects of food enzyme supplementation in barley-based diets on ileal and overall apparent digestibility in growing pigs

2000 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-L. Yin ◽  
J. D. G. McEvoy ◽  
H. Schulze ◽  
K. J. McCracken
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Exogenous Enzymes ◽  
The Mean

AbstractTwo different cannulation procedures (simple ileal ‘T’ cannula v. The post valve ‘T’ caecal cannula (PVTC)) and two indigestible markers (TiO2 v. Cr2O3) were studied with six male littermate pigs fitted with PVTC or simple ileal ‘T’ cannulae. Six diets were used, of which two were based on wheat and wheat bran and the other four were based on two barleys of different bushel weight without and with exogenous enzymes (ß-glucanase/xylanase). Proportional TiO2 and Cr2O3 recoveries in faeces were less than 1·00, the mean values for the six diets being 0·858 for TiO2 and 0·811 for Cr2O3. With both markers, recovery in faeces was lowest for the most digestible wheat-based diet (A). The ileal apparent digestibility (IAD) coefficients of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), energy and amino acids measured with Cr2O3 were significantly (P < 0·001) lower than those measured with TiO2. There was no difference in overall apparent digestibility of DM, CP and energy measured with simple ileal ‘T’ cannula and PVTC techniques. However, IAD of DM, energy and CP measured with the PVTC method were significantly higher than those measured with the simple ileal ‘T’ cannula method. The data also showed that the standard errors with the simple ileal ‘T’ cannula method were greater than when using the PVTC method. Diet significantly affected ileal and overall digestibility of nutrients (P < 0·001) with values being highest for diet A and least for the wheat bran-based diet (B). Overall digestibility (OD) of DM and energy were higher for the higher bushel weight barley-based diet (C) than for the normal bushel weight barley-based diet (E). Enzyme inclusion improved OD for both barley diets and ileal digestibility of energy (0·060) and CP (0·057) for the normal bushel weight barley.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the chemical composition of dry dogfoods commercialized in Chile used for growing dogs

2008 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 218-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A. Alvarado ◽  
S.M. Hodgkinson ◽  
D. Alomar ◽  
D. Boroschek
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Nutrient Profiles

The nutritional quality of dry dogfood commercialized in Chile for growing dogs was studied. Samples from at least three different batches of 26 dogfood brands were mixed. The resultant samples (n=26) were chemically analyzed to determine their concentrations of dry matter (DM), gross energy, fiber, ash, crude protein, essential amino acids, total fat, linoleic acid and minerals. The metabolizable energy (ME) content of each sample was estimated using modified atwater factors. The results from the chemical analyses were compared with the nutrient profiles published by the American Association of Feed Control Officials (AAFCO). Dogfoods that were found to contain an estimated ME of over 4,000kcal/kg DM were corrected for their high energy density before comparison. All of the dogfoods contained adequate levels of protein, total fat, linoleic acid, iron, copper, manganese and selenium. The concentration of tryptophan was adequate in 92.3% of the samples. All of the other essential amino acids were present in adequate quantities. However, the situation was different for many of the minerals. Only 92.3% of the dogfoods contained an adequate Ca:P ratio. A total of 96.2% of the dogfoods contained an adequate level of Ca, 96.2% for P, 96.2% for Mg, 92.3% for I, 88.5% for Cl, 80.8% for Na, 80.8% for Zn and only 34.6% were adequate for K content. Overall, only 23% of the dogfoods evaluated in this study fulfilled all of the requirements established by the AAFCO in terms of their content of crude protein, amino acids, total fat, linoleic acid, and minerals. It appears that the majority of the dogfoods evaluated in this study (77%) would not satisfy all nutritional requirements of the growing dog.

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