Allometric models for estimating the phytomass of a secondary Atlantic Forest area of southeastern Brazil

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate equations to estimate the aboveground phytomass of a 30 years old plot of Atlantic Forest. In two plots of 100 m², a total of 82 trees were cut down at ground level. For each tree, height and diameter were measured. Leaves and woody material were separated in order to determine their fresh weights in field conditions. Samples of each fraction were oven dried at 80 °C to constant weight to determine their dry weight. Tree data were divided into two random samples. One sample was used for the development of the regression equations, and the other for validation. The models were developed using single linear regression analysis, where the dependent variable was the dry mass, and the independent variables were height (h), diameter (d) and d²h. The validation was carried out using Pearson correlation coefficient, paired t-Student test and standard error of estimation. The best equations to estimate aboveground phytomass were: lnDW = -3.068+2.522lnd (r² = 0.91; s y/x = 0.67) and lnDW = -3.676+0.951ln d²h (r² = 0.94; s y/x = 0.56).

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Cephalometric Floating Norms as a Guide toward a Harmonious Individual Craniofacial Pattern among Filipinos

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/091408-478r.1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 79 (6) ◽

pp. 1162-1168 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Marian Almyra Sevilla-Naranjilla ◽

Ingrid Rudzki-Janson

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Multiple Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Regression ◽

Standard Error ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Correlated Variables ◽

The Individual

Abstract Objective: To construct a harmony box based on correlated cephalometric variables, which may serve as a valuable diagnostic tool in orthodontic treatment planning, by analyzing the harmonious relationships of existing individual craniofacial patterns among Filipinos. Materials and Methods: Eighty-one subjects, 37 females and 44 males, were selected from the student population of a University according to established inclusion criteria. Five cephalometric angular measurements were obtained and digitized. Pearson correlation coefficients described the high association among the five variables. The bivariate linear regression analysis was used to construct a harmony box, which contained the cephalometric floating norms of the five correlated variables. Multiple regression analysis and the standard error of the estimate were calculated to construct the harmony schema, which describes the individual craniofacial pattern. Results: Correlations between the five variables were significant at .001 and .05 levels. Linear regression equations with corresponding r2 and standard error of the estimate (SE) were illustrated as the harmony box. The multiple correlation coefficient R, the adjusted R2, and the SE when one of the five measured variables was predicted from the remaining four by means of a multiple regression analysis were displayed as the harmony schema. Conclusion: The cephalometric floating norms describing the individual craniofacial pattern among Filipinos were established based on five correlated variables in the form of a harmony box.

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Relationship among specific leaf area, leaf nitrogen, leaf phosphorus and photosynthetic rate in herbaceous species of tropical dry deciduous in Vindhyan highlands

Annals of Plant Sciences ◽

10.21746/aps.2017.02.001 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 1531 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Prajjwal Dubey ◽

Raghubanshi A. S. ◽

Anil K. Dwivedi*

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Photosynthetic Rate ◽

Specific Leaf Area ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Colorimetric Method ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Ground Level ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Leaf Nitrogen ◽

Herbaceous Species

A range of leaf attributes was measured for 17 herbaceous species in four contrasting habitats fortnightly from July to September during 2996-2007. All herbaceous vegetation in 5 randomly located plots within each of four sites were clipped at ground level and analyzed fortnightly. Leaf area was recorded by the leaf area meter (Systronics; Leaf area meter- 211). Fresh leaves were dried at 80o C for 48 hr to estimate their dry weight. Specific Leaf Area (SLA) was determined as ratio of leaf area to leaf dry weight. Leaf nitrogen was measured by Kjeldahl method and phosphorus by phosphomolybdic blue colorimetric method. The obtained values were subjected to Two- tailed Pearson correlation coefficients using SPSS (2004 ver. 13) package. SLA, leaf nitrogen, leaf phosphorus and photosynthetic rate show positive relationship with each other.

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Bat diversity from an area of coastal Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil

Check List ◽

10.15560/17.6.1731 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. 1731-1743

Author(s):

Marcella De Assis Araújo Abreu ◽

Valeria Da Cunha Tavares ◽

Ligiane Martins Moras

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Forest ◽

Ground Level ◽

First Record ◽

The State ◽

Southeastern Brazil ◽

Knowledge Gaps ◽

Rocky Outcrops ◽

Bat Diversity

We characterize the bat fauna of forested sites in the municipality of Domingos Martins, Espírito Santo state, southeastern Brazil, and update the list of bat species of the state. We conducted a rapid inventory using ground-level mist nets (27,000 m²·h effort) and occasional roost searching, which resulted in a list of 23 species belonging to Phyllostomidae (18 species), Vespertilionidae (3), and Molossidae (2). We report the first record of Molossops neglectus Williams & Genoways, 1980 and Myotis lavali Moratelli, Peracchi, Dias & Oliveira, 2011 from Espírito Santo, bringing the total number of confirmed species in the state to 86. The molossid Nyctinomops laticaudatus (É. Geoffroy, 1805) was exclusively recorded in its diurnal roost in rocky outcrops. Our study fills knowledge gaps in the distribution of bat species in southeastern Brazil, and more specifically in the highly diverse coastal Atlantic Forest of Espírito Santo. These data reinforce the importance of continuously inventorying and documenting bats in the Neotropics.

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Allometry of a neotropical palm, Euterpe edulis Mart.

Acta Botanica Brasilica ◽

10.1590/s0102-33062004000200016 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 369-374 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Luciana F. Alves ◽

Fernando R. Martins ◽

Flavio A.M. Santos

Keyword(s):

Tree Height ◽

Ground Level ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Southeastern Brazil ◽

Growth Strategies ◽

Stem Design ◽

Euterpe Edulis ◽

Mechanical Models ◽

Stem Allometry ◽

The Relationship

The stem allometry (stem diameter vs. tree height) of a Neotropical palm (Euterpe edulis) found in rain and seasonal forest of Southeastern Brazil was examined. Observed height-diameter relationships along the stem (diameter at ground level, (dgl), and diameter at breast height (dbh) were compared to three theoretical stability mechanical models: elastic similarity, stress similarity and geometric similarity. Slopes of log-transformed height-diameter relationships did not lie near those predicted by any stability mechanical models. Significant differences in stem allometry were found when comparing dgl to dbh, suggesting greater increase in dbh with height. The relationship between stability safety factor (SSF) and palm height showed that both dgl and dbh were found to be above McMahon's theoretical buckling limit for dicotyledonous trees, but some individuals approached this limit in relation to dbh. Despite displaying a similar decreasing pattern of SSF with height, differences found in SSF along the stem - greater SSF for dgl when compared to dbh - indicate that the risk of mechanism failure in palms depends upon the size and varies along the stem. Distinct allometric relationships along the stem obtained for Euterpe edulis may be reflecting possible differences in stem design and growth strategies.

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Multiply Regression Analysis as An Integrated Approach in the TB Indicators Assessment in the Republic of Crimea

Medicina ◽

10.29234/2308-9113-2021-9-2-100-112 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 100-112

Author(s):

T. N. Golubova ◽

◽

N. M. Ovsyannikova ◽

Z. R. Makhkamova ◽

I. Yu. Tkachenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Regression Equations ◽

The Republic ◽

Multiple Correlation Coefficients ◽

High Degree ◽

Paired Correlation

The use of multiply regression analysis for the TB indicators assessment and prediction in the Republic of Crimea is discussed. Basic TB indicators in the Republic of Crimea for the period 2014-2018 were studied using Pearson correlation coefficient and step-by-step multiply linear regression analysis. During paired correlation analysis, dependable association with an average and high degree is identified for the most indicators of interest. The multiple correlation coefficients were higher than the paired correlation coefficients, which demonstrated the greater significance of the group conditionality of the indicators. For key epidemiological TB indicators the regression equations are constructed and the most relevant predictors are found using stepwise multiply regression analysis. The regression equations for TB incidence, prevalence and mortality rates are proposed for practical applying to predict epidemiological situation.

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Shelter availability and use by mammals and birds in an Atlantic forest area

Biota Neotropica ◽

10.1590/s1676-06032006000100003 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Beatriz de Mello Beisiegel

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Forest ◽

Ground Level ◽

Single Species ◽

Forest Area ◽

Southeastern Brazil ◽

Mammal Species ◽

Nasua Nasua ◽

External Characteristics ◽

Shelter Availability ◽

Metachirus Nudicaudatus

This paper describes the types of ground-level shelters, their availability and use by mammals and birds at Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho (PECB), an Atlantic forest area at southeastern Brazil. Eight types of shelters were found: shelters without tunnels under living trees, shelters with tunnels under living trees, shelters under mounds formed by adventitious roots, shelters under fallen trees, burrows not supported by trees or roots, riverbank shelters, stream tunnels and rock shelters. Mammal species that used shelters more frequently were Agouti paca, Philander frenata, Lontra longicaudis, Metachirus nudicaudatus and Trinomys iheringi. Utilization of shelter types and shelter topographic locations by these six species was roughly similar to the proportions in which shelters of different types and locations were monitored, with the exception of otters, which are semi-aquatic mammals and used mainly riverbank shelters. Contrary to expectations, animals did not choose shelters with entrances fitted to their sizes. Shelters were used either by a single species or by different species. I hypothesize that at the PECB other factors such as microclimate inside shelters must be more important in determining shelter use than shelter external characteristics or topographic location. Some species, as coatis Nasua nasua and probably small didelphids and birds, enter shelters to search for invertebrates and small vertebrates.

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The bat fauna (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of Carlos Botelho State Park, Atlantic Forest of Southeastern Brazil, including new distribution records for the state of São Paulo

Zoologia (Curitiba) ◽

10.3897/zoologia.37.e36514 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 37 ◽

pp. 1-32

Author(s):

Vinícius Cardoso Cláudio ◽

Gedimar Pereira Barbosa ◽

Fabrício Braga Rassy ◽

Vlamir José Rocha ◽

Ricardo Moratelli

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Natural History ◽

Atlantic Forest ◽

Ground Level ◽

First Record ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

The State ◽

Southeastern Brazil ◽

São Paulo ◽

New Distribution

Carlos Botelho State Park (PECB) is a large remnant of Atlantic Forest in Southeastern Brazil, with more than 37,000 ha. As its bat fauna is still unknown, we performed the first bat survey on PECB, to provide data on the distribution, natural history and taxonomy of the species. Fieldwork was conducted monthly, from October 2016 to September 2017. Captures were made using ground-level mist-nets (39600 m2.h), canopy mist-nets (2017.5 m2.h) and searches for roosts (42 hours).We captured 412 bats from 34 species of Phyllostomidae, Molossidae and Vespertilionidae. A total of 11 species were captured only in ground-level mist-nets, five in canopy mist-nets, and seven in roosts. Dermanura cinerea Gervais, 1856, Eptesicus taddeii Miranda, Bernardi & Passos, 2006, Glyphonycteris sylvestris Thomas, 1896 and Lampronycteris brachyotis (Dobson, 1879) are rare on surveys conducted in the Atlantic Forest of São Paulo and were captured in canopy mist-nets. Micronycteris schmidtorum Sanborn, 1935 and Molossus currentium Thomas, 1901 constitute the first record for the state of São Paulo, and were captured in canopy mist-nets and roosts, respectively. The species richness registered for PECB surpasses other surveys conducted in Atlantic Forest localities that use only ground-level mist-nets. Our results reinforce the importance of employing mixed capture methods, such as elevated mist-nets and searches for roosts.

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A protocol for sampling vascular epiphyte richness and abundance

Journal of Tropical Ecology ◽

10.1017/s0266467408005786 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 107-121 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Jan H. D. Wolf ◽

S. Robbert Gradstein ◽

Nalini M. Nadkarni

Keyword(s):

Tree Height ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Mantel Test ◽

Tree Size ◽

Tree Level ◽

Trunk Diameter ◽

Host Trees ◽

Epiphyte Communities ◽

Vascular Epiphyte

Abstract:The sampling of epiphytes is fraught with methodological difficulties. We present a protocol to sample and analyse vascular epiphyte richness and abundance in forests of different structure (SVERA). Epiphyte abundance is estimated as biomass by recording the number of plant components in a range of size cohorts. Epiphyte species biomass is estimated on 35 sample-trees, evenly distributed over six trunk diameter-size cohorts (10 trees with dbh > 30 cm). Tree height, dbh and number of forks (diameter > 5 cm) yield a dimensionless estimate of the size of the tree. Epiphyte dry weight and species richness between forests is compared with ANCOVA that controls for tree size. SChao1 is used as an estimate of the total number of species at the sites. The relative dependence of the distribution of the epiphyte communities on environmental and spatial variables may be assessed using multivariate analysis and Mantel test. In a case study, we compared epiphyte vegetation of six Mexican oak forests and one Colombian oak forest at similar elevation. We found a strongly significant positive correlation between tree size and epiphyte richness or biomass at all sites. In forests with a higher diversity of host trees, more trees must be sampled. Epiphyte biomass at the Colombian site was lower than in any of the Mexican sites; without correction for tree size no significant differences in terms of epiphyte biomass could be detected. The occurrence of spatial dependence, at both the landscape level and at the tree level, shows that the inclusion of spatial descriptors in SVERA is justified.

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