Historical relationships among areas of endemism in the tropical South America using Brooks Parsimony Analysis (BPA)

Areas of endemism are the smallest units of biogeographical analysis. One of its definitions is that these areas harbor organisms with restricted distributions caused by non random historical factors. The aim of this study was to examine historical relationships among areas of endemism in the Neotropics using Brooks Parsimony Analysis (BPA). We applied BPA to 12 unrelated taxa distributed within two sets of endemic areas in order to: (1) compare the proposed endemic area classifications; (2) examine whether Amazonia and Atlantic Forest are true biogeographic units and, (3) examine whether the inclusion of open area formations influence area relationships of the surrounding forests. General area cladograms revealed a basal split between Amazonian and Atlantic forests, suggesting that these areas have been isolated for a long period of time. All Atlantic forest endemic areas formed a monophyletic cluster, showing a sequence of vicariant events from north to south. The hypothesis that Amazonia is a composite area, made up of different historical units, is herein corroborated. When Cerrado and Caatinga (grasslands and savannas) are included, internal area relationships within Amazonia change, indicating that area classification schemes comprising forests and open formations should be preferred given the complementary history of these areas.

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Detection of areas of endemism on two spatial scales using Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity (PAE): the Neotropical region and the Atlantic Forest

Biota Neotropica ◽

10.1590/s1676-06032008000400002 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 33-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Mário Sérgio Sigrist ◽

Claudio José Barros de Carvalho

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Forest ◽

Spatial Scales ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Neotropical Region ◽

Conservation Priorities ◽

Parsimony Analysis ◽

Areas Of Endemism ◽

Endemic Areas ◽

Analysis Scale ◽

Parsimony Analysis Of Endemicity

An important biological challenge today is the conservation of biodiversity. Biogeography, the study of the distribution patterns of organisms, is an important tool for this challenge. Endemism, the co-occurrence of several species unique to the same area, has important implications for the preservation of biodiversity, since many areas of endemism are also areas with large human impact. More rigorously defined, areas of endemism are historical units of distributional congruence of monophyletic taxa. These areas often assumed to be due to nonrandom historical events that favored conditions associated with high rates of speciation. Thus, understanding endemism and the delimitation of endemic areas has important implications for conservation. Today, most studies delimit areas of endemism by superimposing maps of distribution for various species. This approach suffers from arbitrary delimitations, however, when a great distributional data is used. In this paper we used the method of Parsimony Analysis of Endemicity (PAE) based on georeferenced quadrats in order to delimit areas of endemism. This modality of the method is important due to its testable nature and can also be used to infer area relationships. We applied the method to raw distributional data from 19 unrelated taxa to delimit general patterns of endemism in the Neotropical Region and in the Atlantic forest domain using different grid scales. Neotropical areas found are comprised over the Panama region, northern Andean region and the Atlantic forest. Atlantic forest showed a major division into two distinct components (northern x southern). Endemic areas delimited using smaller scale grids on the Atlantic forest should be considered for conservation priorities once they showed endemism at regional and local scales. The results were also compared to other studies using different taxa and methods. Finally, some considerations on the analysis scale and future perspectives of the method are presented.

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Flies, endemicity, and the Atlantic Forest: a biogeographical study using topographic units of analysis

Australian Systematic Botany ◽

10.1071/sb16057 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (6) ◽

pp. 439 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Dalton S. Amorim ◽

Charles M. D. Santos

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Forest ◽

Data Matrix ◽

Parsimony Analysis ◽

Semideciduous Forest ◽

Units Of Analysis ◽

Separate Area ◽

Areas Of Endemism ◽

Northern Atlantic ◽

Semideciduous Seasonal Forest ◽

Ombrophilous Forest

We present a study of the endemicity patterns in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest on the basis of the distribution of 107 fly species belonging to 24 genera of 15 families. This is the first picture of endemism for Diptera in the Atlantic Forest. Instead of the traditional grid of geographical coordinates, we used a system of topographic units (TUs) for the analysis, delimited after gathering information on rivers and altitude for each state and country. A parsimony analysis of the data matrix with the species records for the TUs was performed, named topographic-unit parsimony analysis (TUPA). The same distributional data was used in a NDM/VNDM analysis. The combination of the resulting patterns from both analyses indicated the existence of the following three major areas of endemism for flies in the Atlantic Forest: a Northern Atlantic Forest, north of Rio Doce; a Southern Atlantic Forest, south of Rio Doce along the coast, extending to the west and to the south at the level of the state of Paraná; and a Semideciduous Seasonal Forest, west to the ombrophilous forest along the coast. None of these areas seems to be shaped solely by vicariance events. They can possibly be the result of biotic fusion of ancestral areas of endemism as a result of barrier collapse and secondary overlap of sister biotas, a hypothesis yet to be tested. The recognition of a separate area of endemism for flies in the Semideciduous Forest agrees with phytogeographical reconstructions and raises an important alert for the scarcity of biological reserves for this vegetation.

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iTUPA: an online automated application to perform Topographic-Unit Parsimony Analysis

Bioinformatics ◽

10.1093/bioinformatics/btz487 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (22) ◽

pp. 4818-4820

Author(s):

Muhsen Hammoud ◽

Charles Morphy D Santos ◽

João Paulo Gois

Keyword(s):

Biodiversity Conservation ◽

Atlantic Forest ◽

Google Earth ◽

Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽

Parsimony Analysis ◽

High Definition ◽

Online Application ◽

Web Framework ◽

Areas Of Endemism ◽

Species Occurrences

Abstract Summary iTUPA is a free online application for automatizing the Topographic-Unit Parsimony Analysis (TUPA), which identifies areas of endemism based on topography. iTUPA generates species-occurrences matrices based on user-defined topographic units (TUs) and provides a parsimony analysis of the generated matrix. We tested iTUPA after a proposal of regionalization for the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. iTUPA can handle millions of species registers simultaneously and uses Google Earth high-definition maps to visually explore the endemism data. We believe iTUPA is a useful tool for further discussions on biodiversity conservation. Availability and implementation iTUPA is hosted on Google cloud and freely available at http://nuvem.ufabc.edu.br/itupa. iTUPA is implemented using R (version 3.5.1), with RStudio 1.1.453 used as the implementation IDE, Shiny 1.1.0 web framework, and Google Maps® API version 3.36.

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ECOREGIONAL INFLUENCES ON THE AMPHIBIAN ASSEM- BLAGE OF RESERVA NATURAL LAGUNA BLANCA, DEPARTAMENTO SAN PEDRO, PARAGUAY

Natura Neotropicalis ◽

10.14409/natura.v2i48.7607 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (48) ◽

pp. 7-17

Author(s):

Paul Smith

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Forest ◽

Local Scale ◽

Similarity Analysis ◽

Priority Areas ◽

San Pedro ◽

National Priority ◽

Areas Of Endemism ◽

Biogeographical Analysis

Reserva Natural Laguna Blanca (RNLB) has recently been proposed as Paraguay’s first Important Area for the Conservation of Reptiles and Amphibians. The reserve lies within the Atlantic Forest ecoregion of Paraguay as currently understood. A similarity analysis was performed to assess which of the ecoregions most influence upon the community of amphibians. It was concluded that the amphibian fauna of the reserve is most strongly influenced by the Cerrado ecoregion and it should thus be considered a southern fragment of this ecosystem. The results suggest that the inventory of the amphibian fauna of the Paraguayan Cerrado is not yet complete. This study highlights the utility of local scale biogeographical analysis as a conservation tool for conservation planners, land managers and biologists for designating national priority areas for conservation and identifying potential areas of endemism in under–sampled regions.

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Clinical Characteristics of Patients Diagnosed with Strongyloidiasis in a United States Urban Outpatient Dermatology Department: A Case Series

SKIN The Journal of Cutaneous Medicine ◽

10.25251/skin.1.3.8 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 156-160

Author(s):

Jacqueline Watchmaker ◽

Sean Legler ◽

Dianne De Leon ◽

Vanessa Pascoe ◽

Robert Stavert

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Case Series ◽

The United States ◽

Screening Tools ◽

Dermatology Department ◽

Cutaneous Manifestations ◽

Serologic Testing ◽

Patient Reported ◽

History Of ◽

Endemic Areas

Background: Although considered a tropical disease, strongyloidiasis may be encountered in non-endemic regions, primarily amongst immigrants and travelers from endemic areas. Chronic strongyloides infection may be under-detected owing to its non-specific cutaneous presentation and the low sensitivity of commonly used screening tools. Methods: 18 consecutive patients with serologic evidence of strongyloides infestation who presented to a single urban, academic dermatology clinic between September 2013 and October 2016 were retrospectively included. Patient age, sex, country of origin, strongyloides serology titer, absolute eosinophil count, presenting cutaneous manifestations, and patient reported subjective outcome of pruritus after treatment were obtained via chart review. Results: Of the 18 patients, all had non-specific pruritic dermatoses, 36% had documented eosinophila and none were originally from the United States. A majority reported subjective improvement in their symptoms after treatment. Conclusion: Strongyloides infection and serologic testing should be considered in patients living in non-endemic regions presenting with pruritic dermatoses and with a history of exposure to an endemic area.Key Points:Chronic strongyloidiasis can be encountered in non-endemic areas and clinical manifestations are variableEosinophilia was not a reliable indicator of chronic infection in this case series Dermatologists should consider serologic testing for strongyloidiasis in patients with a history of exposure and unexplained pruritus

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Bird distributional patterns support biogeographical histories and are associated with bioclimatic units in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4337.2.3 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4337 (2) ◽

pp. 223 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

CRISTIANO DE SANTANA CARVALHO ◽

NAYLA FÁBIA FERREIRA DO NASCIMENTO ◽

HELDER F. P. DE ARAUJO

Keyword(s):

Multivariate Analysis ◽

Atlantic Forest ◽

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Forest Birds ◽

Distributional Pattern ◽

Parsimony Analysis ◽

Multivariate Analysis Of Variance ◽

Distributional Patterns ◽

Parsimony Analysis Of Endemicity

Rivers as barriers to dispersal and past forest refugia are two of the hypotheses proposed to explain the patterns of biodiversity in the Atlantic Forest. It has recently been shown that possible past refugia correspond to bioclimatically different regions, so we tested whether patterns of shared distribution of bird taxa in the Atlantic Forest are 1) limited by the Doce and São Francisco rivers or 2) associated with the bioclimatically different southern and northeastern regions. We catalogued lists of forest birds from 45 locations, 36 in the Atlantic forest and nine in Amazon, and used parsimony analysis of endemicity to identify groups of shared taxa. We also compared differences between these groups by permutational multivariate analysis of variance and identified the species that best supported the resulting groups. The results showed that the distribution of forest birds is divided into two main regions in the Atlantic Forest, the first with more southern localities and the second with northeastern localities. This distributional pattern is not delimited by riverbanks, but it may be associated with bioclimatic units, surrogated by altitude, that maintain current environmental differences between two main regions on Atlantic Forest and may be related to phylogenetic histories of taxa supporting the two groups.

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New Species of Entypus (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) and notes on the natural history of some Atlantic Forest spider wasps

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.5061.2.8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5061 (2) ◽

pp. 361-368

Author(s):

VINICIUS M. LOPEZ ◽

RENAN KOBAL DE OLIVEIRA ALVES CARDOSO ◽

RODRIGO R. CEZÁRIO ◽

RHAINER GUILLERMO-FERREIRA ◽

EDUARDO F. DOS SANTOS

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Natural History ◽

Atlantic Forest ◽

Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽

Behavioral Aspects ◽

History Of

We describe the new species Entypus renata, sp. nov., from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and report on its host. We also provide the first host records for Ageniella (Priophanes) erythroptera (Banks), Entypus bituberculatus (Guérin-Méneville) and an undetermined species of Poecilopompilus Ashmead. In addition, we report behavioral aspects for these species, including a new ethological sequence for Poecilopompilus.

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Modernization and multipurpose arenas: providing context for tomorrow

Sport Business and Management An International Journal ◽

10.1108/sbm-04-2020-0035 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Benjamin Joseph Downs ◽

Chad Stephen Seifried

Keyword(s):

Sport Management ◽

New Technologies ◽

Modernization Theory ◽

Design History ◽

Managerial Decision ◽

Content Type ◽

Historical Factors ◽

History Of ◽

Corporate Customers ◽

Design And Construction

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the historical factors that influenced the design and construction of modern National Hockey League and National Basketball Association arenas between 1990 and 2018. Additionally, this paper seeks to index the characteristics of those modern arenas while forwarding reasonable, informed propositions for future multipurpose arena design.Design/methodology/approachThe historical methodology was applied to the design and construction of modern multipurpose arenas between 1990 and 2018. Modernization theory was utilized as an organizing construct to understand the intentional managerial actions to capitalize on consumer expectations by responding to economic and technological changes.FindingsSport managers responded to decreased median family incomes during the period of the study by building arenas with increasingly commodified spaces and amenities targeting wealthy and corporate customers. New technologies were adopted within facilities to meet the needs and expectations of in-venue and remote consumers.Practical implicationsIn addition to demonstrating the practical utility of modernization theory and applied history for sport management scholars and practitioners, particularly in the Western context, the present study provides a series of propositions for future sport managers to consider to maintain or establish institutional advantage in the arena marketplace.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the sport management literature by demonstrating the utility of modernization theory and applied history for sport management. In examining the design history of modern multipurpose arenas, the paper identifies the characteristics of modern multipurpose arenas while demonstrating the importance of understanding context and intentionality in managerial decision making.

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Genomic phylogeography of the White-crowned Manakin Pseudopipra pipra (Aves: Pipridae) illuminates a continental-scale radiation out of the Andes

10.1101/713081 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jacob S. Berv ◽

Leonardo Campagna ◽

Teresa J. Feo ◽

Ivandy Castro-Astor ◽

Camila C. Ribas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Flow ◽

Distinct Species ◽

Passerine Bird ◽

Biological Species ◽

Genetic Connectivity ◽

Population Isolation ◽

Continental Scale ◽

The Andes ◽

Areas Of Endemism ◽

History Of

AbstractThe complex landscape history of the Neotropics has generated opportunities for population isolation and subsequent diversification that place this region among the most species-rich in the world. Detailed phylogeographic studies are required to uncover the biogeographic histories of Neotropical taxa, to identify evolutionary correlates of diversity, and to reveal patterns of genetic connectivity, disjunction, and potential differentiation among lineages from different areas of endemism. The White-crowned Manakin (Pseudopipra pipra) is a small suboscine passerine bird that is broadly distributed through the subtropical rainforests of Central America, the lower montane cloud forests of the Andes from Colombia to central Peru, the lowlands of Amazonia and the Guianas, and the Atlantic forest of southeast Brazil. Pseudopipra is currently recognized as a single, polytypic biological species. We studied the effect of the Neotropical landscape on genetic and phenotypic differentiation within this species using genomic data derived from double digest restriction site associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD), and mitochondrial DNA. Most of the genetic breakpoints we identify among populations coincide with physical barriers to gene flow previously associated with avian areas of endemism. The phylogenetic relationships among these populations imply a novel pattern of Andean origination for this group, with subsequent diversification into the Amazonian lowlands. Our analysis of genomic admixture and gene flow establishes a complex history of introgression between some western Amazonian populations. These reticulate processes confound our application of standard concatenated and coalescent phylogenetic methods and raise the question of whether a lineage in the western Napo area of endemism should be considered a hybrid species. Lastly, analysis of variation in vocal and plumage phenotypes in the context of our phylogeny supports the hypothesis that Pseudopipra is a species-complex composed of at least 8, and perhaps up to 17 distinct species which have arisen in the last ∼2.5 Ma.

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Natural history of the lizard Enyalius brasiliensis (Lesson, 1828) (Leiosauridae) from an Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/s1519-69842004000200021 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 64 (2) ◽

pp. 353-356 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

M. Van Sluys ◽

V. M. Ferreira ◽

C. F. D. Rocha

Keyword(s):

Natural History ◽

Atlantic Forest ◽

The Other ◽

Southeastern Brazil ◽

Important Food ◽

Insect Larvae ◽

Lizard Species ◽

Food Items ◽

History Of ◽

Forest Leaf Litter

Information on the ecology of lizard species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest is scarce and almost nothing is known about the ecology of lizards of the genus Enyalius. In this study, we provide information about some aspects of the natural history of E. brasiliensis from an area of Atlantic Forest in Ilha Grande, RJ. Enyalius brasiliensis (N = 15) feeds mainly on arthropods. The most frequent food items were insect larvae, orthopterans, and ants; in terms of volume, larvae and termites were the most important food items; ants and termites were the most numerous prey categories. Two females were reproductive (one had 10 and the other, five vitellogenic follicles); the smallest measured 92.4 mm in SVL. Seven lizards were found on forest leaf litter. The other microhabitats used were vines, fallen logs, branches, and a crevice on a slope.

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