scholarly journals Spatial distribution and activities of the estuarine dolphin Sotalia guianensis (van Bénédén, 1864) (Cetacea, Delphinidae) in Pontal Bay, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urânia Amaral dos Santos ◽  
Martin Roberto Alvarez ◽  
Ana Cristina Schilling ◽  
Gil Marcelo Reuss Strenzel ◽  
Yvonnick Le Pendu
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
High Tide ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Sotalia Guianensis ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Average Group ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Estuarine Dolphin ◽  
Average Group Size

We analyzed the influence of time, tide and water depth on the activity and spatial distribution of estuarine dolphins Sotalia guianensis in Pontal Bay, Ilhéus, Brazil. Direct observations were carried out at four fixed points from January to December of 2006. Estuarine dolphins were sighted in 11 out of 12 months and in 30% of 181 sampling periods. The average group size, which was 3.75 ± 1.59 (n = 64), did not vary significantly by month (Kruskal-Wallis, H = 10.6729; p = 0.3836). Infants and adults represented 18 and 82% of the individuals whose age we were able to determine, respectively. Estuarine dolphins were more frequently present than expected in areas deeper than 3 m (regression GLM, z = 3.773; p = 0.0002). The animals were more frequently observed between 7:00 and 8:00 AM and between 3:00 and 5:00 PM (X² = 83.815; p < 0.0001). Their presence in the bay tripled between the fourth hour of the flood and high tide, remaining elevated during the ebb tide (X² = 22.152; p = 0.02). The tide also influenced the animals' feeding and travelling direction, mainly toward the open see during the flood and to the back of the bay during others stages. Further studies are necessary to analyze the influence of the hydrographic characteristics of Pontal Bay on the spatio-temporal distribution of estuarine dolphins and their prey.

scholarly journals The spatio-temporal distribution of lightning over Israel and the neighboring area and its relation to regional synoptic systems

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2125-2135 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Shalev ◽  
H. Saaroni ◽  
T. Izsak ◽  
Y. Yair ◽  
B. Ziv
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Lightning Activity ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Synoptic Situation ◽  
Lightning Flash ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Neighboring Area

Abstract. The spatio-temporal distribution of lightning flashes over Israel and the neighboring area and its relation to the regional synoptic systems has been studied, based on data obtained from the Israel Lightning Location System (ILLS) operated by the Israel Electric Corporation (IEC). The system detects cloud-to-ground lightning discharges in a range of ~500 km around central Israel (32.5° N, 35° E). The study period was defined for annual activity from August through July, for 5 seasons in the period 2004–2010. The spatial distribution of lightning flash density indicates the highest concentration over the Mediterranean Sea, attributed to the contribution of moisture as well as sensible and latent heat fluxes from the sea surface. Other centers of high density appear along the coastal plain, orographic barriers, especially in northern Israel, and downwind from the metropolitan area of Tel Aviv, Israel. The intra-annual distribution shows an absence of lightning during the summer months (JJA) due to the persistent subsidence over the region. The vast majority of lightning activity occurs during 7 months, October to April. Although over 65 % of the rainfall in Israel is obtained during the winter months (DJF), only 35 % of lightning flashes occur in these months. October is the richest month, with 40 % of total annual flashes. This is attributed both to tropical intrusions, i.e., Red Sea Troughs (RST), which are characterized by intense static instability and convection, and to Cyprus Lows (CLs) arriving from the west. Based on daily study of the spatial distribution of lightning, three patterns have been defined; "land", "maritime" and "hybrid". CLs cause high flash density over the Mediterranean Sea, whereas some of the RST days are typified by flashes over land. The pattern defined "hybrid" is a combination of the other 2 patterns. On CL days, only the maritime pattern was noted, whereas in RST days all 3 patterns were found, including the maritime pattern. It is suggested that atmospheric processes associated with RST produce the land pattern. Hence, the occurrence of a maritime pattern in days identified as RST reflects an "apparent RST". The hybrid pattern was associated with an RST located east of Israel. This synoptic type produced the typical flash maximum over the land, but the upper-level trough together with the onshore winds it induced over the eastern coast of the Mediterranean resulted in lightning activity over the sea as well, similar to that of CLs. It is suggested that the spatial distribution patterns of lightning may better identify the synoptic system responsible, a CL, an "active RST" or an "apparent RST". The electrical activity thus serves as a "fingerprint" for the synoptic situation responsible for its generation.

scholarly journals The occurrence of Pontoporia blainvillei (Gervais & d'Orbigny) (Cetacea, Pontoporiidae) in an estuarine area in southern Brazil

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 717-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta J. Cremer ◽  
Paulo C. Simões-Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Great Difficulty ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Average Group ◽  
Southwestern Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Estuarine Dolphin ◽  
Pontoporia Blainvillei ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Average Group Size ◽  
Phalacrocorax Brasilianus

The toninha, or franciscana, Pontoporia blainvillei (Gervais & D'Orbigny, 1844), is an endemic species of cetacean of the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. There is little information on the occurrence of this species in its natural environment due to the great difficulty in sighting it. Systematized and non-systematized observations of franciscanas were made from December 1996 through November 2001 at Babitonga Bay, on the northern coast of Santa Catarina State, southern Brazil. The observations were made from small motorboats. A total of 79 observations were made, totaling 561 individuals. Up to 59.5% of the groups consisted of over four individuals and the average group size was seven. Calves were present in 30.4% of the observations. The species was found throughout the year within the bay and preferential areas were identified. Calves were registered during all seasons. Data are presented on the behavior (feeding, traveling, aerial behavior and behavior relating to the boats) and on inter-specific interactions with terns, cormorants [Phalacrocorax brasilianus (Gmelin, 1789)] and brown boobies [Sula leucogaster (Boddaert, 1783)]. The species is sympatric with the estuarine dolphin Sotalia guianensis (P. J. Van Bénéden, 1864) in the bay, but there was no record of interaction between them. The area of the bay represents an important refuge for the franciscana species.

scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Kalaw (Buceros Hydrocorax L.) at the Foothills of Mt. Pangasugan, Baybay City, Leyte, Philippines

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-25
Author(s):  
Teofanes Patindol ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Biological Clock ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Preferred Habitat ◽  
Dipterocarp Forests ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Fig Trees

Mt. Pangasugan contains one of the few remaining intact lowland dipterocarp forests in Leyte which is home to many threatened avain species including the Kalaw. The study aimed to understand the spatial distribution and temporal activities of kalaw to provide information to support conservation progrom. The preferred habitat of kalaw was characterized by the dominance of species belonging to family Dipterocarpaceae and gap species of Araliaceae and Moraceae. Kalaw occurred in stands where there were large trees with natural cavities which could be used for nesting and fig trees and other fruit bearing gap species as source of food. Specific perches were big tall trees which comprise the canopy and emergent layers. The result of the study suggest strengthening protection of the remaingin secondary forest as habitat of kalaw and put a stop to current activities that may have affected the biological clock of Kalaw

scholarly journals A quantitative approach for analyzing the spatio-temporal distribution of 3D intracellular events in fluorescence microscopy

eLife ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Pécot ◽  
Liu Zengzhen ◽  
Jérôme Boulanger ◽  
Jean Salamero ◽  
Charles Kervrann
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Cell Interaction ◽  
Spatial Coordinates ◽  
Direction Of Movement ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Endomembrane Trafficking

Analysis of the spatial distribution of endomembrane trafficking is fundamental to understand the mechanisms controlling cellular dynamics, cell homeostasy, and cell interaction with its external environment in normal and pathological situations. We present a semi-parametric framework to quantitatively analyze and visualize the spatio-temporal distribution of intracellular events from different conditions. From the spatial coordinates of intracellular features such as segmented subcellular structures or vesicle trajectories, QuantEv automatically estimates weighted densities that are easy to interpret and performs a comprehensive statistical analysis from distribution distances. We apply this approach to study the spatio-temporal distribution of moving Rab6 fluorescently labeled membranes with respect to their direction of movement in crossbow- and disk-shaped cells. We also investigate the position of the generating hub of Rab11-positive membranes and the effect of actin disruption on Rab11 trafficking in coordination with cell shape.

Spatio-temporal distribution pattern of Calanus sinicus and its relationship with climate variability in the northern Yellow Sea

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 764-772
Author(s):  
Qing Yang ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Guize Liu ◽  
Yanbin Gu
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Yellow Sea ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
Central Portion ◽  
Calanus Sinicus ◽  
Northern Yellow Sea ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Abstract The spatio-temporal distribution pattern of Calanus sinicus, a key copepod species, was examined in the northern Yellow Sea (YS). Compared with 1959 and 1982, there was a significant increase in the abundance of C. sinicus in the spring, summer, and autumn of 2011 and winter of 2014. The percentage of C. sinicus in the zooplankton assemblages ranging from 45.6 to 75.8% in different seasons of 2011-2014 was significantly higher than that in 1982. Two different spatial distribution patterns of C. sinicus were observed, with higher abundance occurring nearshore during the cold season (e.g. January) and offshore in the central portion of the northern YS in the warm season (e.g. May, July, and October). The YS Cold Water Mass in the central portion of the northern YS likely provides an important over-summering site for the species. Additionally, a greater increase of the abundance of C. sinicus was found in the northern portion (the northern YS) of its spatial distribution during the past half century. This study has an implication on the climate-driven shifts in zooplankton community in the northern YS, highlighting the importance of C. sinicus in the warm-temperate ecosystem of Chinese coastal seas.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal distribution and associated factors of anaemia among children aged 6–59 months in Ethiopia: a spatial and multilevel analysis based on the EDHS 2005–2016

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e045544
Author(s):  
Samuel Hailegebreal ◽  
Araya Mesfin Nigatu ◽  
Zeleke Abebaw Mekonnen ◽  
Berhanu Fikadie Endehabtu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Spatio Temporal

ObjectivesAnaemia is a global public health problem with major health and socioeconomic consequences. Though childhood anaemia is a major public health problem in Ethiopia, there is limited evidence on the spatio-temporal variability of childhood anaemia over time in the country. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the spatio-temporal distribution and associated factors of childhood anaemia using the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) data from 2005 to 2016.DesignSurvey-based cross-sectional study design was employed for the EDHS.SettingData were collected in all nine regions and two city administrations of Ethiopia in 2005, 2011 and 2016.ParticipantsThe source population for this study was all children in Ethiopia aged 6–59 months. A total of 21 302 children aged 6–59 months were included in this study.Outcome measureThe outcome variable was child anaemia status.ResultsThe prevalence of anaemia declined from 53.9% in 2005 to 44.6% in 2011, but it showed an increase in 2016 to 57.6%. The spatial analysis revealed that the spatial distribution of anaemia varied across the regions. The spatial scan statistics analysis indicated a total of 22 clusters (relative risk (RR)=1.5, p<0.01) in 2005, 180 clusters (RR=1.4, p<0.01) in 2011 and 219 clusters (RR=1.4, p<0. 0.01) in 2016, significant primary clusters were identified. The child’s age, mother’s age, maternal anaemia status, wealth index, birth order, fever, stunting, wasting status and region were significant predictors of childhood anaemia.ConclusionsIn this study, childhood anaemia remains a public health problem. The spatial distribution of childhood anaemia varied significantly across the country. Individual-level and community-level factors were associated with childhood anaemia. Therefore, in regions with a high risk of childhood anaemia, individual-level and community-level factors should be intensified by allocating additional resources and providing appropriate and tailored strategies.

scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Flash Floods in Slovenia

Dela ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 5-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tajan Trobec
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Flash Flooding ◽  
Hilly Area ◽  
Spatio Temporal

This paper examines the spatial distribution of frequency of flash floods along with their seasonal distribution. The spatio-temporal analysis of past flash flooding covered 124 flash floods affecting areas of Slovenia between 1550 and 2015. Flash floods are most common in the mountainous and hilly area of northern Slovenia, which consists of alpine and a large part of subalpine landscapes. Autumnal flash floods occur across most of the country, while summer flash floods are seen mainly in the east. In most parts of the country autumnal flash floods predominate.

Spatio-temporal distribution and species traits of water beetles along an oligotrophic hydrosystem: a case study

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Vlatka Mičetić Stanković ◽  
Manfred A. Jäch ◽  
Marija Ivković ◽  
Igor Stanković ◽  
Petar Kružić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Depth ◽  
Current Velocity ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Species Traits ◽  
Ecological Traits ◽  
Water Beetles ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Species Population ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
One Year

This study presents the first comprehensive investigation of population aspects and ecological traits of water beetles in oligotrophic hydrosystems with tufa formation in southeastern Europe. Diverse lotic habitats (springs, rivers and tufa barriers) were investigated monthly for one year in Plitvice Lakes National Park in Croatia. Elmidae were the most diverse and abundant family, followed by Scirtidae and Hydraenidae. The ecological traits of water beetles were primarily defined by nutrients and water depth. Elmis bosnica Zaitzev, 1908, about which little has been published, was found to be bryophilous and to prefer low water temperatures. Biogeographical analysis revealed the dominance of typical southeastern and Mediterranean species. Species population dynamics could be attributed to differences in flow permanence, current velocity and canopy coverage. Both current velocity and water depth significantly influenced the occurrence of larval stages, while abundance of adults correlated with water depth. Our results highlight tufa barriers as preferred habitats for species of the genus Riolus and the family Scirtidae. The results of this study, many of which are the first to be reported for water beetles, provide a basis for further investigations of these animals and their ecology in oligotrophic hydrosystems with tufa. In particular, our study demonstrates the potential of Elmidae as water quality indicators, which should be considered in future conservation and protection management efforts.

SOTALIA GUIANENSIS POPULATION DENSITY ESTIMATIVE IN THE BAY OF ANTONINA, BRAZIL

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 351
Author(s):  
Anne Karoline Japp ◽  
Gislaine De Fatima Filla
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Distance Method ◽  
Sotalia Guianensis ◽  
Average Group ◽  
Fresh Water Input ◽  
Marine Influence ◽  
Estuarine Dolphin ◽  
The One ◽  
Data Extrapolation

The present work aimed to estimate the population density of Sotalia guianensis in the Bay of Antonina, southern Brazilian coast, by linear transects, distance method. The average group size in the total area was 2.57 individuals/group. The study area is 28.1 km2 and it was divided in two sub-areas, an outer area closer to the sea and another more enclosed with a higher fresh water input. In the Sector I, the one with greater marine influence, the density estimation found was D = 3.01 animals/ km2 (Variation Coefficient, VC 24.67%), whereas in Sector II there was no estuarine dolphin record. Also, during the rainy season a higher density value was found in the bay (D = 4.99 individuals/ km2, VC 15.93%). When the area division was ignored an overestimation of density was found (D = 3.80 animals/km2; VC 15.71%) due to the data extrapolation beyond the sampled area, including areas not much used by the dolphins. This superestimation due to the few estuarine dolphins records in the Bay of Antonina and also to the method used, which was biased by existing of sand banks at low tide which made it impossible to access all transects.

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