scholarly journals Ecophysiology of papaya: a review

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliemar Campostrini ◽  
David M. Glenn
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Research Knowledge ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Fruit Productivity ◽  
Photosynthetic Carbon Assimilation

Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a principal horticultural crop of tropical and subtropical regions. Knowledge of how papaya responds to environmental factors provides a scientific basis for the development of management strategies to optimize fruit yield and quality. A better understanding of genotypic responses to specific environmental factors will contribute to efficient agricultural zoning and papaya breeding programs. The objective of this review is to present current research knowledge related to the effect of environmental factors and their interaction with the photosynthetic process and whole-plant physiology. This review demonstrates that environmental factors such as light, wind, soil chemical and physical characteristics, temperature, soil water, relative humidity, and biotic factors such as mycorrhizal fungi and genotype profoundly affect the productivity and physiology of papaya. An understanding of the environmental factors and their interaction with physiological processes is extremely important for economically sustainable production in the nursery or in the field. With improved, science-based management, growers will optimize photosynthetic carbon assimilation and increase papaya fruit productivity and quality.

scholarly journals Light, photosynthetic capacity and growth of papaya (Carica papaya L.): a short review

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ((03) 2019) ◽  
pp. 480-485
Author(s):  
Jefferson R. Silva ◽  
Weverton P. Rodrigues ◽  
Katherine Fraga Ruas ◽  
Jessica Sousa Paixão ◽  
Roberta Samara Nunes de Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Research Knowledge ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Photosynthetic Carbon Assimilation

Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is one of the main horticultural crops of many tropical and subtropical regions. The fruit is sold either as a fresh product or processed into drinks, jams, candies, dried and crystallized fruit, while the enzyme papain is used for medicinal purposes. Papaya fruits have high vitamins A and C contents, as well as are good sources of calcium. Brazil is one of the most important producers and exporters of papaya in the world; in 2016 c.a., 1,424,650 tons of papaya was produced in 30,372 hectares of the territory. Optimum light absorption and utilization by the canopy are important factors for maximizing papaya crop growth and productivity. Thus, knowing how papaya responds to light is important to develop management strategies to optimize fruit yield and quality. This short review aims to present the current research knowledge related to the effects of light intensity on the photosynthetic processes and growth of papaya. We demonstrate that photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) greatly affects the physiology of papaya. Understanding the interaction between light and physiological processes is extremely important for a sustainable profitable production under either greenhouse or field conditions. By using improved light science-based management, growers may optimize photosynthetic carbon assimilation and increase papaya yield and fruit quality

scholarly journals Shifts in leaf senescence across the Northern Hemisphere in response to seasonal warming

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Chen ◽  
Sergio Rossi ◽  
Nicholas G. Smith ◽  
Jianquan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Phenological Metrics ◽  
Global Vegetation ◽  
Photosynthetic Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Shifts in plant phenology under ongoing warming affect global vegetation dynamics and carbon assimilation of the biomes. The response of leaf senescence to climate is crucial for predicting changes in the physiological processes of trees at ecosystem scale. We used long-term ground observations, phenological metrics derived from PhenoCam, and satellite imagery of the Northern Hemisphere to show that the timings of leaf senescence can advance or delay in case of warming occurring at the beginning (before June) or during (after June) the main growing season, respectively. Flux data demonstrated that net photosynthetic carbon assimilation converted from positive to negative at the end of June. These findings suggest that leaf senescence is driven by carbon assimilation and nutrient resorption at different growth stages of leaves. Our results provide new insights into understanding and modelling autumn phenology and carbon cycling under warming scenarios.

scholarly journals Effect of Environmental Factors on the Germination and Emergence of Drunken Horse Grass (Achnatherum inebrians)

Weed Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Yonghuan Yue ◽  
Guili Jin ◽  
Weihua Lu ◽  
Ke Gong ◽  
Wanqiang Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Western China ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Achnatherum Inebrians ◽  
Water Ph

Abstract Drunken horse grass [Achnatherum inebrians (Hance) Keng] is a perennial poisonous weed in western China. A comprehensive understanding of the ecological response of A. inebrians germination to environmental factors would facilitate the formulation of better management strategies for this weed. Experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions to assess the effects of various abiotic factors, including temperature, light, water, pH and burial depth, on the seed germination and seedling emergence of A. inebrians. The seeds germinated at constant temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 30, 35°C and in alternating-temperature regimes of 15/5, 20/10, 25/15, 30/20, 35/25, 40/30°C, and the seed germination percentages under constant and alternating temperatures ranged from 51% to 94% and 15% to 93%, respectively. Maximum germination occurred at a constant temperature of 25°C, and germination was prevented at 45/35°C. Light did not appear to affect seed germination. The germination percentage of seeds was more than 75% in the pH range of 5 to 10, with the highest germination percentage at pH 6. The seeds germinated at osmotic potentials of 0 MPa to -1.0 MPa, but decreasing osmotic potential inhibited germination, with no germination at -1.2MPa. After 21 d of low osmotic stress, the seeds that did not germinate after rehydration had not lost their vitality. The seedling emergence percentage was highest (90%) when seeds were buried at 1 cm but declined with increasing burial depth and no emergence at 9 cm. Deep tillage may be effective in limiting the seed germination and emergence of this species. The results of this study provide useful information on the conditions necessary for A. inebrians germination and provide a theoretical basis for science-based prediction, prevention and control of this species.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic efficiency and production of cowpea cultivars under deficit irrigation

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Soares de Melo ◽  
Allisson Rafael Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Alexson Filgueiras Dutra ◽  
Wellison Filgueiras Dutra ◽  
Marcos Eric Barbosa Brito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Green Beans ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars

Cowpea is a crop with great economic, social and food importance in semi-arid regions, but its production is drastically reduced by the water deficit in these regions, requiring better management strategies that allow the crop’s production. This study therefore aimed to evaluate the photosynthetic efficiency and production of cowpea cultivars under deficit irrigation replacement levels. The experiment tested three cowpea genotypes (G1 = ‘BRS Aracé’, G2 = ‘BR 17 Gurguéia’ and G3 = ‘BRS Marataoã’) and four irrigation depths (40, 60, 80 and 100% of ETc), resulting in a 3 x 4 factorial scheme, arranged in randomized complete blocks design with four replicates. During the experiment, the gas exchanges, chlorophyll a fluorescence and production of the cowpea genotypes under deficit irrigation were evaluated. Carbon fixation in the photosynthetic metabolism of cowpea plants was reduced by accentuated water deficit, regardless of the genotype. The low stress severity was indicated by the lack of effects on chlorophyll fluorescence, indicating that the reduction in the rate of carbon assimilation was due to the stomatal effects. The irrigation with 80% of ETc can be used in the cultivation of the respective cultivars, but with small losses in the production. Among the genotypes, ‘BRS Marataoã’ stands out with respect to yield, with higher values for weight of pods and green beans.

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