Shifts in leaf senescence across the Northern Hemisphere in response to seasonal warming

Shifts in plant phenology under ongoing warming affect global vegetation dynamics and carbon assimilation of the biomes. The response of leaf senescence to climate is crucial for predicting changes in the physiological processes of trees at ecosystem scale. We used long-term ground observations, phenological metrics derived from PhenoCam, and satellite imagery of the Northern Hemisphere to show that the timings of leaf senescence can advance or delay in case of warming occurring at the beginning (before June) or during (after June) the main growing season, respectively. Flux data demonstrated that net photosynthetic carbon assimilation converted from positive to negative at the end of June. These findings suggest that leaf senescence is driven by carbon assimilation and nutrient resorption at different growth stages of leaves. Our results provide new insights into understanding and modelling autumn phenology and carbon cycling under warming scenarios.

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Resistance to Puccinia triticina at different stages of wheat

Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke ◽

10.2298/zmspn0916183p ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 183-190

Author(s):

Marina Putnik-Delic

Keyword(s):

Leaf Senescence ◽

Latency Period ◽

Infection Intensity ◽

Puccinia Triticina ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Infection Frequency ◽

Strongly Correlated ◽

Wheat Growth ◽

Reaction Type ◽

Different Growth Stages

Ten wheat genotypes were tested for resistance characteristics to Puccinia triticina. Infection intensity in the field was evaluated at different growth stages, and time of spike appearance and leaf senescence were recorded. At seedling stage, under the controlled conditions of greenhouse, latency period, infection frequency and reaction type were determined. Resistance characteristics at different wheat growth stages were strongly correlated. Correlation coefficient between LP x RT x IF and AUDPC values, was 0.828. The highest coefficients of correlation between particular resistance characteristics and maximal intensity in the field were determined with the last evaluation in the field (0.665, 0.476 and 0.834). Time of spike appearance was very variable for different genotypes, whereas leaf senescence was recorded concomitantly for near all genotypes. The exception was Rusalka, as the most resistant in the field. All genotypes included in this three-year long experiment expressed stability with respect to infection intensity at different growth stages. Genotype Timson showed the highest level of resistance according to all tested characteristics, while genotype Pkb krupna showed the lowest.

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Field- and laboratory-based methods of screening salt tolerant genotypes in rice

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp20393 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 72 (2) ◽

pp. 85

Author(s):

Amber Gupta ◽

Birendra Prasad Shaw

Keyword(s):

Evaluation System ◽

Crop Production ◽

Accurate Method ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Inhibition Concentration ◽

Concentration Estimation ◽

Different Growth Stages

Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses that lead to loss of billions of dollars in crop production worldwide. The growth of rice plant is severely affected and subsequently the yield is generally low in salt affected areas. Salinity affects rice primarily at the early vegetative stage by interfering with biochemical and physiological processes governing its growth and development. This review aims at summarising various morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular-based methods that are currently used in screening salt-tolerant rice genotypes at different growth stages with particular emphasis on screening of breeding lines, and also the effectiveness of these methods. Field and laboratory-based methods are described including visual screening of salt-induced injuries as per the IRRI’s standard evaluation system, salt-induced accumulation of ions, changes in the levels of photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant, and image-based visual quantification of injuries, and molecular markers-based screening, which are lengthy and cumbersome. Among these methods currently available, this review highlights IC50 (50% inhibition concentration) estimation of shoot growth inhibition as a rapid and accurate method that can differentiate genotypes with the IC50 difference of only a few mm NaCl for the initial screening of a large number of rice germplasm and breeding lines.

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Irrigation of field peas (Pisum sativum): response to timing at different crop growth stages

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859699006516 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 132 (4) ◽

pp. 417-424 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C. M. KNOTT

Keyword(s):

Pisum Sativum ◽

Vegetative Growth ◽

Growth Stage ◽

Crop Growth ◽

Yield Response ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Field Peas ◽

Crop Growth Stages ◽

Different Growth Stages

The response of two cultivars of dry harvest field peas (Pisum sativum), Solara and Bohatyr, to irrigation at different growth stages was studied on light soils overlying sand in Nottinghamshire, England in 1990, when the spring was particularly dry, in 1991 which had a dry spring and summer and in contrast, 1992, when rainfall was greater compared with the long-term (40 year) mean.Solara, short haulmed and semi-leafless was more sensitive to drought than the tall conventional-leaved cultivar Bohatyr and gave a greater yield response to irrigation, particularly at the vegetative growth stage in the first two dry years 1990 and 1991, of 108% and 55% respectively, compared with unirrigated plots. Bohatyr was less sensitive to the timing of single applications.In all years, peas irrigated throughout on several occasions produced the highest yields, but this was the least efficient use of water.

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Long-term variations of rainfall interception in different growth stages of Chinese fir plantations

Hydrological Sciences Journal ◽

10.1080/02626667.2014.964243 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 60 (12) ◽

pp. 2178-2188 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Wende Yan ◽

Xiangwen Deng ◽

Xiaoyong Chen ◽

Dalun Tian ◽

Wenhua Xiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chinese Fir ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Rainfall Interception ◽

Different Growth Stages ◽

Long Term Variations

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Ecophysiology of papaya: a review

Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology ◽

10.1590/s1677-04202007000400010 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 413-424 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Eliemar Campostrini ◽

David M. Glenn

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Carbon Assimilation ◽

Scientific Basis ◽

Research Knowledge ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Fruit Productivity ◽

Photosynthetic Carbon Assimilation

Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a principal horticultural crop of tropical and subtropical regions. Knowledge of how papaya responds to environmental factors provides a scientific basis for the development of management strategies to optimize fruit yield and quality. A better understanding of genotypic responses to specific environmental factors will contribute to efficient agricultural zoning and papaya breeding programs. The objective of this review is to present current research knowledge related to the effect of environmental factors and their interaction with the photosynthetic process and whole-plant physiology. This review demonstrates that environmental factors such as light, wind, soil chemical and physical characteristics, temperature, soil water, relative humidity, and biotic factors such as mycorrhizal fungi and genotype profoundly affect the productivity and physiology of papaya. An understanding of the environmental factors and their interaction with physiological processes is extremely important for economically sustainable production in the nursery or in the field. With improved, science-based management, growers will optimize photosynthetic carbon assimilation and increase papaya fruit productivity and quality.

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Free and Cell Wall-Bound Polyamines under Long-Term Water Stress Applied at Different Growth Stages of ×Triticosecale Wittm

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0135002 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. e0135002 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Tomasz Hura ◽

Michał Dziurka ◽

Katarzyna Hura ◽

Agnieszka Ostrowska ◽

Kinga Dziurka

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Water Stress ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Different Growth Stages

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A warmer growing season triggers earlier following spring phenology

10.1101/2021.08.08.455549 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

hongshuang gu ◽

yuxin qiao ◽

zhenxiang xi ◽

Sergio Rossi ◽

Nicholas G. Smith ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Global Warming ◽

Large Scale ◽

Carbon Assimilation ◽

Growing Season ◽

Vital Role ◽

Spring Phenology ◽

Previous Season ◽

Photosynthetic Carbon ◽

Photosynthetic Carbon Assimilation

Under global warming, advances in spring phenology due to the rising temperature have been widely reported. However, the mechanisms underlying the warming-induced earlier spring phenology remain poorly understood. Here, using multiple long-term and large-scale phenological datasets between 1951 and 2018, we show that warmer temperatures during the previous growing season between May and September led to earlier spring phenology in the Northern Hemisphere. We also found that warming-induced increases in maximum photosynthetic rate in the previous year advanced spring phenology. Furthermore, we found a significant decline in the advancing effect of warming during previous growing season on spring phenology from cold to warm periods over the past decades. Our results suggest that observed warming-induced earlier spring phenology may be driven by increased photosynthetic carbon assimilation in the previous season, while the slowdown in the advanced spring phenology is likely due to decreased carbon assimilation when warming exceeding the optimal temperatures for photosynthesis. Our study suggested the vital role of photosynthetic carbon assimilation during growing season in spring phenology under global warming.

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Light, photosynthetic capacity and growth of papaya (Carica papaya L.): a short review

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.19.13.03.p1607 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 ((03) 2019) ◽

pp. 480-485

Author(s):

Jefferson R. Silva ◽

Weverton P. Rodrigues ◽

Katherine Fraga Ruas ◽

Jessica Sousa Paixão ◽

Roberta Samara Nunes de Lima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carica Papaya ◽

Photosynthetic Capacity ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Carbon Assimilation ◽

Short Review ◽

Research Knowledge ◽

Horticultural Crops ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Photosynthetic Carbon Assimilation

Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is one of the main horticultural crops of many tropical and subtropical regions. The fruit is sold either as a fresh product or processed into drinks, jams, candies, dried and crystallized fruit, while the enzyme papain is used for medicinal purposes. Papaya fruits have high vitamins A and C contents, as well as are good sources of calcium. Brazil is one of the most important producers and exporters of papaya in the world; in 2016 c.a., 1,424,650 tons of papaya was produced in 30,372 hectares of the territory. Optimum light absorption and utilization by the canopy are important factors for maximizing papaya crop growth and productivity. Thus, knowing how papaya responds to light is important to develop management strategies to optimize fruit yield and quality. This short review aims to present the current research knowledge related to the effects of light intensity on the photosynthetic processes and growth of papaya. We demonstrate that photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) greatly affects the physiology of papaya. Understanding the interaction between light and physiological processes is extremely important for a sustainable profitable production under either greenhouse or field conditions. By using improved light science-based management, growers may optimize photosynthetic carbon assimilation and increase papaya yield and fruit quality

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