scholarly journals Light, photosynthetic capacity and growth of papaya (Carica papaya L.): a short review

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ((03) 2019) ◽  
pp. 480-485
Author(s):  
Jefferson R. Silva ◽  
Weverton P. Rodrigues ◽  
Katherine Fraga Ruas ◽  
Jessica Sousa Paixão ◽  
Roberta Samara Nunes de Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Research Knowledge ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Photosynthetic Carbon Assimilation

Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is one of the main horticultural crops of many tropical and subtropical regions. The fruit is sold either as a fresh product or processed into drinks, jams, candies, dried and crystallized fruit, while the enzyme papain is used for medicinal purposes. Papaya fruits have high vitamins A and C contents, as well as are good sources of calcium. Brazil is one of the most important producers and exporters of papaya in the world; in 2016 c.a., 1,424,650 tons of papaya was produced in 30,372 hectares of the territory. Optimum light absorption and utilization by the canopy are important factors for maximizing papaya crop growth and productivity. Thus, knowing how papaya responds to light is important to develop management strategies to optimize fruit yield and quality. This short review aims to present the current research knowledge related to the effects of light intensity on the photosynthetic processes and growth of papaya. We demonstrate that photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) greatly affects the physiology of papaya. Understanding the interaction between light and physiological processes is extremely important for a sustainable profitable production under either greenhouse or field conditions. By using improved light science-based management, growers may optimize photosynthetic carbon assimilation and increase papaya yield and fruit quality

scholarly journals Ecophysiology of papaya: a review

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliemar Campostrini ◽  
David M. Glenn
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Research Knowledge ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Fruit Productivity ◽  
Photosynthetic Carbon Assimilation

Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a principal horticultural crop of tropical and subtropical regions. Knowledge of how papaya responds to environmental factors provides a scientific basis for the development of management strategies to optimize fruit yield and quality. A better understanding of genotypic responses to specific environmental factors will contribute to efficient agricultural zoning and papaya breeding programs. The objective of this review is to present current research knowledge related to the effect of environmental factors and their interaction with the photosynthetic process and whole-plant physiology. This review demonstrates that environmental factors such as light, wind, soil chemical and physical characteristics, temperature, soil water, relative humidity, and biotic factors such as mycorrhizal fungi and genotype profoundly affect the productivity and physiology of papaya. An understanding of the environmental factors and their interaction with physiological processes is extremely important for economically sustainable production in the nursery or in the field. With improved, science-based management, growers will optimize photosynthetic carbon assimilation and increase papaya fruit productivity and quality.

scholarly journals Current Status and Potential of RNA Interference for the Management of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus and Thrips Vectors

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
Alexander Nilon ◽  
Karl Robinson ◽  
Hanu R. Pappu ◽  
Neena Mitter
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Wilt Virus

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is the type member of the genus Orthotospovirus in the family Tospoviridae and order Bunyavirales. TSWV, transmitted by several species of thrips, causes significant disease losses to agronomic and horticultural crops worldwide, impacting both the yield and quality of the produce. Management strategies include growing virus-resistant cultivars, cultural practices, and managing thrips vectors through pesticide application. However, numerous studies have reported that TSWV isolates can overcome host-plant resistance, while thrips are developing resistance to pesticides that were once effective. RNA interference (RNAi) offers a means of host defence by using double-stranded (ds) RNA to initiate gene silencing against invading viruses. However, adoption of this approach requires production and use of transgenic plants and thus limits the practical application of RNAi against TSWV and other viruses. To fully utilize the potential of RNAi for virus management at the field level, new and novel approaches are needed. In this review, we summarize RNAi and highlight the potential of topical or exogenous application of RNAi triggers for managing TSWV and thrips vectors.

scholarly journals Shifts in leaf senescence across the Northern Hemisphere in response to seasonal warming

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Chen ◽  
Sergio Rossi ◽  
Nicholas G. Smith ◽  
Jianquan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Phenological Metrics ◽  
Global Vegetation ◽  
Photosynthetic Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Shifts in plant phenology under ongoing warming affect global vegetation dynamics and carbon assimilation of the biomes. The response of leaf senescence to climate is crucial for predicting changes in the physiological processes of trees at ecosystem scale. We used long-term ground observations, phenological metrics derived from PhenoCam, and satellite imagery of the Northern Hemisphere to show that the timings of leaf senescence can advance or delay in case of warming occurring at the beginning (before June) or during (after June) the main growing season, respectively. Flux data demonstrated that net photosynthetic carbon assimilation converted from positive to negative at the end of June. These findings suggest that leaf senescence is driven by carbon assimilation and nutrient resorption at different growth stages of leaves. Our results provide new insights into understanding and modelling autumn phenology and carbon cycling under warming scenarios.

scholarly journals Horticultural Crop Response to Different Environmental and Nutritional Stress

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
Stefano Marino
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Nutritional Stress ◽  
Horticultural Crop ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Yield And Quality

Environmental conditions and nutritional stress may greatly affect crop performance. Abiotic stresses such as temperature (cold, heat), water (drought, flooding), irradiance, salinity, nutrients, and heavy metals can strongly affect plant growth dynamics and the yield and quality of horticultural products. Such effects have become of greater importance during the course of global climate change. Different strategies and techniques can be used to detect, investigate, and mitigate the effects of environmental and nutritional stress. Horticultural crop management is moving towards digitized, precision management through wireless remote-control solutions, but data analysis, although a traditional approach, remains the basis of stress detection and crop management. This Special Issue summarizes the recent progress in agronomic management strategies to detect and reduce environmental and nutritional stress effects on the yield and quality of horticultural crops.

Utilization of rice straw and tea composts for strawberry and tomato production

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-343
Author(s):  
R Ashrafi ◽  
RM Saiem ◽  
M Kamruzzaman ◽  
MSAA Mamun ◽  
HA Begum
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Compost Tea ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Yield And Quality

The use of agricultural waste is of great interest to sustainable agriculture. An investigation was carried out to evaluate the effects of compost and compost tea made from agricultural waste rice straw on the yield and quality of two horticultural crops strawberry and tomato. In strawberry experiment, six treatments were considered which wereT1: 100% soil (as a control), T2: 80% soil + 20% compost, T3: 60% soil + 40% compost, T4: 40% soil + 60% compost, T5: 20% soil + 80% compost & T6: 100% compost. Results revealed that number of fruit, fruit yield and total sugar (%)was increased with the increasing level of compost up to 80% after that decreased at 100% compost. The treatment T5: 20% soil + 80% compost gave the best results among the treatments to grow strawberry with good yield (185.3 g/plant) and sweetness (total sugar 5.19%). On the other hand, six treatments i.e. T1: Control, T2: Compost (5 t/ha), T3: Compost tea (50% concentration), T4: Compost (5 t/ha) + Compost tea (50% concentration), T5: Compost tea (100% concentration) and T6: Compost (5t/ha) + Compost tea (100% concentration) were considered in tomato experiment. As a result, it was observed that combined application of compost (5 t/ha) along with compost tea (100% conc.) (T6) gave the highest yield of tomato than not only control (T1) but also single application of compost or compost tea (T2, T3, T4&T5). Level of compost tea concentration also showed significant effect on fruit yield of tomato. Comparing between treatment T4 and T6, fruit yield was found higher (1027.67 g/plant) in treatment T6: Compost (5t/ha) + Compost tea (100% conc.) than 961.3 g/plant in T4: Compost (5 t/ha) + Compost tea (50% conc.). So, it could be summarized that use of rice straw as compost and compost tea affects positively both in two experiments. The results of this study confirm the beneficial effects of compost to increase the yield and sweetness of strawberry and combination of compost and compost tea to increase the yield of tomato. Progressive Agriculture 30 (4): 335-343, 2019

scholarly journals Photosynthetic efficiency and production of cowpea cultivars under deficit irrigation

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Soares de Melo ◽  
Allisson Rafael Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Alexson Filgueiras Dutra ◽  
Wellison Filgueiras Dutra ◽  
Marcos Eric Barbosa Brito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Green Beans ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars

Cowpea is a crop with great economic, social and food importance in semi-arid regions, but its production is drastically reduced by the water deficit in these regions, requiring better management strategies that allow the crop’s production. This study therefore aimed to evaluate the photosynthetic efficiency and production of cowpea cultivars under deficit irrigation replacement levels. The experiment tested three cowpea genotypes (G1 = ‘BRS Aracé’, G2 = ‘BR 17 Gurguéia’ and G3 = ‘BRS Marataoã’) and four irrigation depths (40, 60, 80 and 100% of ETc), resulting in a 3 x 4 factorial scheme, arranged in randomized complete blocks design with four replicates. During the experiment, the gas exchanges, chlorophyll a fluorescence and production of the cowpea genotypes under deficit irrigation were evaluated. Carbon fixation in the photosynthetic metabolism of cowpea plants was reduced by accentuated water deficit, regardless of the genotype. The low stress severity was indicated by the lack of effects on chlorophyll fluorescence, indicating that the reduction in the rate of carbon assimilation was due to the stomatal effects. The irrigation with 80% of ETc can be used in the cultivation of the respective cultivars, but with small losses in the production. Among the genotypes, ‘BRS Marataoã’ stands out with respect to yield, with higher values for weight of pods and green beans.

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