Can functional exercise capacity discriminate older individuals with poor postural control?

AbstractPostural instability can be related to functional limitations as a result of the aging process. This study aimed to compare functional exercise capacity and postural control in older adults. Participants were allocated into three groups according to their functional exercise capacity based on the six minute walking test (6MWT): 1) Low performance group (LP: distance walked ≤ 80% of the predicted value n = 19), 2) Normal performance group (NP: distance walked 81-100% of the predicted value n = 21) and, 3) High performance group (HP: distance walked >100% of the predicted value n = 23). All groups performed three trials of a one-leg stance for 30s on a force platform. LP showed worse postural control in comparison to NP and HP, and significant differences (p < .05) were found between groups for area, velocity antero-posterior of center of pressure and time limit variables during the one-leg stance task. These results have implications for rehabilitation management with regard to exercise, balance assessment and intervention in older adults.

Download Full-text

Impact of a Geriatric Day Hospital Program on Older Adults’ Functional Independence and Caregiver Stress: A Non-Experimental, Single Group Pre-/Posttest Study

Journal of Primary Care & Community Health ◽

10.1177/2150132720940504 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. 215013272094050

Author(s):

Yung-En Chung ◽

Douglas E. Angus ◽

Chantal Backman

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Exercise Capacity ◽

Fear Of Falling ◽

Functional Independence ◽

Distributed Data ◽

Day Hospital ◽

Single Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Functional Exercise ◽

Functional Exercise Capacity

Objective: To evaluate the impact of a geriatric day hospital program on older adults’ functional independence and on caregiver stress. Methods: We used a single group pre- and posttest design. The data were collected through chart reviews and follow-up phone calls. Outcomes included fear of falling, balance, functional exercise capacity (walking distance), and caregiver stress. Descriptive statistics were used for sociodemographic data, dependent t test for paired samples of normally distributed data, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for determining differences between nonnormally distributed data sets. Results: We found a statistically significant difference in pre (33.54) and post (27.47) mean rank scores for fear of falling ( Z = −3.895, P < .001), pre (49.5) and post (59.42) scores for balance ( Z = −8.725, P < .001), and pre (250.07 m) and post (291.20 m) for functional exercise capacity ( P < .001). No statistically significant difference was found with respect to caregiver stress pre (22.05) and post (19.90) scores ( Z = −0.422, P = .673). Discussion: Future research may consider approaching evaluative studies of a similar type using not only quantitative but also qualitative methods to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of older adults’ functional ability and caregiver stress before and after participating in a geriatric day hospital program.

Download Full-text

Densidade mineral óssea de idosas independentes com diferentes perfis físico-funcionais e polimorfismos do gene do receptor da vitamina D

Brazilian Journal of Kinanthropometry and Human Performance ◽

10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n1p20 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 20

Author(s):

Myriam Fernanda Merli ◽

Regina Célia Poli Fredico ◽

Emily Delalibera Ruzzon ◽

Rubens Alexandre da Silva Junior ◽

Karen De Barros Parron Fernandes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Exercise Capacity ◽

High Performance ◽

Elderly Women ◽

Lower Bone Mineral Density ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Lower Limb Strength ◽

Functional Exercise ◽

Functional Exercise Capacity ◽

Independent Elderly ◽

Vdr Polymorphisms

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n1p20 The aim of the study was to compare BMD among physically independent elderly women with different physical-functional profiles and vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) polymorphisms, as well as to analyze the effect of the interaction between these last two aspects on BMD. Overall, 165 elderly women had BMD assessed by bone densitometry. Handgrip and lower limb strength and functional exercise capacity (6MWT) were also assessed. VDR polymorphisms (TaqI, BsmI, ApaI and FokI) were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction. For analyses, elderly women were categorized according to their performance on physical-functional tests into low performance (LP; <25th percentile), normal performance (NP; 25th percentile ≤ NP ≤ 75thpercentile) and high performance (HP;> 75th percentile). Regarding functional exercise capacity, LP group showed lower BMD compared to HP and NP groups (p=0,003). With respect to handgrip strength, there was a trend for LP group to have lower bone mineral density compared to NP group (p=0.08). No differences were observed in femur and lumbar BMD in comparisons among the different VDR genotypes (0.07≤p≤0.94); among different groups regarding lower limb strength (p=0.49) and in the interaction analysis among variables (0.17≤p≤0.77). It was concluded that physically independent elderly women with low functional exercise capacity have lower bone mineral density than those classified as normal and high performance. However, apparently, there is no effect of the interaction between VDR gene polymorphisms and physical and functional factors on BMD.

Download Full-text

“Going Backward”: Effects of age and fatigue on posterior-directed falls in Parkinson disease

Neurorehabilitation ◽

10.3233/nre-210040 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Evan V. Papa ◽

Rita M. Patterson ◽

Nicoleta Bugnariu

Keyword(s):

Postural Control ◽

Parkinson Disease ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Center Of Pressure ◽

Angular Displacement ◽

Reaction Times ◽

Older Individuals ◽

Peak Knee ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Fatiguing Exercise

BACKGROUND: Nearly half of persons with Parkinson disease (PD) report fatigue as a factor in their fall history. However, it is unknown whether these self-reported falls are caused by a sensation of fatigue or performance fatigue. OBJECTIVE: We sought to investigate the influences of performance fatigue and age on postural control in persons with PD. METHODS: Individuals with PD (n = 14) underwent postural control assessments before (T0) and immediately after (T1) fatiguing exercise. Biomechanical data were gathered on participants completing a treadmill-induced, posterior-directed fall. Performance fatigue was produced using lower extremity resistance exercise on an isokinetic ergometer. Repeated measures ANCOVAs were used with age as a covariate to determine the effects of performance fatigue on biomechanical variables. RESULTS: After adjustment for age, there was a statistically significant difference in peak center of pressure (COP) latency during the support phase of recovery. Pairwise comparisons demonstrated a decrease in peak ankle displacement from T0 to T1. Age was also found to be significantly related to reaction time and peak knee displacement while participants were fatigued. CONCLUSIONS: The decreased peak COP latency, along with decreased ankle angular displacement, suggest that persons with PD adopt a stiffening strategy in response to backward directed falls. Postural stiffening is not uncommon in persons with PD and could be a risk factor for falls. Older individuals with PD demonstrate slower mobility scores and decreased reaction times in the setting of fatigue, suggesting a combined effect of the aging and fatigue processes.

Download Full-text

Lung hyperinflation and functional exercise capacity in patients with COPD – a three-year longitudinal study

BMC Pulmonary Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12890-018-0747-9 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Linn T. Aalstad ◽

Jon A. Hardie ◽

Birgitte Espehaug ◽

Einar Thorsen ◽

Per S. Bakke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Exercise Capacity ◽

Lung Hyperinflation ◽

Functional Exercise ◽

Functional Exercise Capacity

Download Full-text

Elastic Taping’s Effect on Exercise Capacity in Recreational Runner with Inspiratory Muscle Training

Surabaya Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Journal ◽

10.20473/spmrj.v1i1.16166 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 25

Author(s):

Asriningrum Asriningrum ◽

Dewi Poerwandari ◽

Andriati Andriati ◽

Soenarnatalina Soenarnatalina

Keyword(s):

Muscle Strength ◽

Exercise Capacity ◽

Inspiratory Muscle ◽

Inspiratory Muscle Training ◽

Muscle Training ◽

P Values ◽

Pressure Threshold ◽

Functional Exercise ◽

Functional Exercise Capacity ◽

Recreational Runners

Background: Running is a new trend of recreational sports in Indonesia. About 70% of recreational runners have difficulty in improving exercise capacity due to exercise-related transient abdominal pain (ETAP), caused by fatigue of the diaphragmatic muscles. Previous studies have shown that various training methods may increase diaphragmatic muscle strength and endurance, for example, inspiratory muscle training (IMT). Unfortunately, improvement of inspiratory muscle strength and endurance after exercise and IMT are still varies. Therefore, other methods are needed to optimize the effect of IMT. Application of the elastic taping on thoracic wall during exercise allows the inspiratory muscles to contract optimally which might improve functional capacity.Aim: To assess the effect of elastic taping on inspiratory muscle training using the pressure threshold IMT, in increasing the functional exercise capacity of recreational runners. Functional capacity was measured based on VO2max value, rating of perceived breathlessness (RPB) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE).Methods: an experimental study involved 14 nonsmoker recreational runners, ages 20-40 years, at Outpatient Clinic of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department of Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya. Subjects were divided into two groups (pressure threshold IMT with and without elastic taping groups), which were observed for four weeks. IMT was done five times a week, twice a day, with 30 repetitions, and 60% resistance 30 RM using Respironics®. Elastic taping Leukotape® was applied on the first until fifth day in each IMT sessions. The running exercises were done three times a week with EnMill® Treadmill ETB-03195 with a speed of 4.5 mph and 0% inclination. RBP, RPE and VO2max were measured using Borg Dyspneu scale, Borg Scale, and Bruce Treadmill Protocol test, respectively, before the first exercise and after 4 weeks of exercise.Results: There were an improvement of functional exercise capacity in both groups which were marked with a decline of RPB and RPE and increase of VO2max (p values < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in the decrease of RPB and RPE and an increase of VO2max between groups (p values of were 0.31, 0.83, and 0.13, respectively). The effect of the elastic taping (r2 = 0.99) was not reflected in the differences of RPB, RPE and increasing VO2max.Conclusion: Inspiratory muscle training using pressure threshold IMT with or without the elastic taping for four weeks can improve exercise capacity of recreational runners.

Download Full-text

Ground walk training improves functional exercise capacity more than cycle training in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a randomised trial

Journal of Physiotherapy ◽

10.1016/s1836-9553(10)70040-0 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

pp. 105-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Regina W.M. Leung ◽

Jennifer A. Alison ◽

Zoe J. McKeough ◽

Matthew J. Peters

Keyword(s):

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Pulmonary Disease ◽

Exercise Capacity ◽

Randomised Trial ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Functional Exercise ◽

Functional Exercise Capacity ◽

Cycle Training

Download Full-text

Influence of the length of institutionalization on older adults' postural balance and risk of falls: a transversal study

Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/0104-1169.3515.2463 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 645-653 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Wagner Oliveira Batista ◽

Edmundo de Drummond Alves Junior ◽

Flávia Porto ◽

Fabio Dutra Pereira ◽

Rosimere Ferreira Santana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Postural Control ◽

Postural Balance ◽

Center Of Pressure ◽

Berg Balance Scale ◽

Clinical Tests ◽

Risk Of Falls ◽

Elliptical Area ◽

Professional Model ◽

Transversal Study

OBJECTIVE: to ascertain the influence of the length of institutionalization on older adults' balance and risk of falls.METHOD: to evaluate the risk of falls, the Berg Balance Scale and the Timed Get Up and Go test were used; and for measuring postural balance, static stabilometry was used, with acquisition of the elliptical area of 95% and mean velocities on the x and y axes of center of pressure displacement. Parametric and nonparametric measures of association and comparison (α<0.05) were used.RESULTS: there was no significant correlation between the length of institutionalization and the tests for evaluation of risk of falling, neither was there difference between groups and within subgroups, stratified by length of institutionalization and age. In the stabilometric measurements, there was a negative correlation between the parameters analyzed and the length of institutionalization, and difference between groups and within subgroups.CONCLUSION: this study's results point to the difficulty of undertaking postural control tasks, showing a leveling below the clinical tests' reference scores. In the stabilometric behavior, one should note the reduction of the parameters as the length of institutionalization increases, contradicting the assumptions. This study's results offer support for the development of a multi-professional model for intervention with the postural control and balance of older adults living in homes for the aged.

Download Full-text

Elastic Resistance Training Produces Benefits Similar to Conventional Resistance Training in People With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Physical Therapy ◽

10.1093/ptj/pzaa149 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 100 (11) ◽

pp. 1891-1905 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fabiano F de Lima ◽

Vinicius Cavalheri ◽

Bruna S A Silva ◽

Isis Grigoletto ◽

Juliana S Uzeloto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Training ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Exercise Capacity ◽

Low Cost ◽

Control Group ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Elastic Resistance ◽

Functional Exercise ◽

Functional Exercise Capacity ◽

Experimental Group

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of elastic resistance training on improving muscle strength, functional exercise capacity, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and dyspnea in people with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods For this systematic review, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Embase (OVID), PEDro, SciELO, and CINAHL were searched from inception to November 2019. Included studies were randomized clinical trials in which people with stable COPD were allocated to (1) an experimental group that received lower-limb resistance training, upper-limb resistance training, or both using elastic resistance; or (2) a control group that received no or sham resistance training or conventional resistance training using weight machines. Data extraction was performed by 3 review authors. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the PEDro scale. Eight studies on 332 participants were included. Results Knee extensor strength was higher in the experimental group (standardized mean difference = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.09–0.95) compared with the non-exercise control group. Compared with the conventional exercise control, the experimental group presented similar effects for muscle strength, functional exercise capacity, HRQoL, and dyspnea (95% CI overlapped the line of no effect for all). Conclusions Elastic resistance training improves muscle strength in people with COPD. The current review suggests elastic resistance as a potential alternative to conventional resistance training using weight machines, as they show similar effects on muscle strength, functional exercise capacity, HRQoL, and dyspnea. Impact Due to its beneficial effects, including reduced risk of exacerbation-related hospitalizations, exercise training is viewed as the cornerstone of pulmonary rehabilitation in people with COPD. This study shows that elastic resistance training can be an effective, portable, practical, and low-cost alternative to conventional weight resistance training. Lay Summary Training with elastic resistance tubes or bands—which are easy to carry, easy to use, and relatively low cost—can be an effective way to improve strength for people with COPD and promote similar benefits to those achieved with weight machines.

Download Full-text