scholarly journals Seismic fragility of a highway bridge in Quebec retrofitted with natural rubber isolators

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-547
Author(s):  
G. H. Siqueira ◽  
D. H. Tavares ◽  
P. Paultre
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Seismic Isolation ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Ground Motions ◽  
Highway Bridge ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Seismic Isolator ◽  
Rubber Bearing ◽  
Time Histories

This paper presents fragility curves for the evaluation of a highway bridge retrofitted with seismic isolator devices. The object of this study is the Chemin des Dalles bridge over Highway 55 located in Trois-Rivières in Quebec, Canada. A series of synthetic ground motions time histories compatible with eastern Canada are used to capture the uncertainties related to the hazard. The seismic isolator model represents natural rubber bearing placed under the longitudinal girders over the bents and the abutments of the bridge. NRB isolators are placed in these locations to uncouple the movement of the superstructure and the infrastructure, increasing the flexibility of the system and decreasing the forces transmitted to the infrastructure. Finally, a set of fragility curves for the as-built and retrofitted models are compared to evaluate the effectiveness of seismic isolation to decrease the seismic vulnerability of this bridge.

Seismic Investigation of Steel Pile Bents: I. Evaluation of Performance

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman A. Shama ◽  
John B. Mander ◽  
Blaise A. Blabac ◽  
Stuart S. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Behavior ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Ground Motions ◽  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Evaluation Of Performance ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Overall Performance

The main objective of this study is to assess the seismic vulnerability of a class of highway bridges existing in certain regions of the eastern and central states, where steel H-piles extends out of the soil to support the pier cap. During severe ground motions, the overall performance of the bridge will be governed by the local performance of the pile-to-cap beam connection. The scope of work was divided into several tasks as follows: (1) a theory was developed to predict the performance of the connection under lateral loading; (2) an initial experimental program was conducted to investigate the seismic behavior of the steel bents; (3) a retrofit strategy is proposed; (4) a second experimental study was carried out to validate the proposed retrofit method; and (5) fragility curves for such structures were developed. This paper deals with the first two tasks of the study. The other three tasks are the subject of a second companion paper (Shama 2002).

scholarly journals Link Slab Capacity In Bridges Supported By Lead Rubber Bearing And Elastomer

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Inas Novikasari ◽  
Anis Rosyidah
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Isolation ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Isolation System ◽  
Expansion Joints ◽  
Debris Accumulation ◽  
Seismic Isolator ◽  
Rubber Bearing ◽  
Lead Rubber Bearing ◽  
Seismic Force ◽  
High Level

Debris accumulation in bridge slab gaps which use expansion joints can restrain deck expansion, causing undesirable forces on floor deck and damage to the structure. In order to avoid the worst possibility that can occur, an alternative using link slab is utilized. The use of link slab at high level seismic force location, requires the Seismic Isolation System on bridge to reduce the seismic force. The application of Seismic Isolation System can be conducted by Lead Rubber Bearing (LRB) type of seismic isolator. This study compares the use of Lead Rubber Bearing (LRB) and elastomer on bridge link slabs against the dimension of the link slab. In this study structural modeling used 2 models: bridges supported by elastomer and bridges supported by LRB with software-made. The link slab analysis approach used were analytical methods or classical methods. Based on results of the analysis, the width of the crack that occured on bridge supported by LRB is 0.218 mm while on the bridge supported by elastomer is 0.269 mm. The use of Lead Rubber Bearing (LRB) type of support will give more advantages to the design of the link slab since it results in smaller crack design criteria.

scholarly journals Modelling and Characterizing a Concrete Gravity Dam for Fragility Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Segura Rocio L. ◽  
Bernier Carl ◽  
Durand Capucine ◽  
Patrick Paultre
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Fragility Analysis ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Concrete Gravity Dam ◽  
Gravity Dams ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Safety Guidelines

Most gravity dams have been designed and built during the past century with methods of analysis that are now considered inadequate. In recent decades, knowledge of seismology, structural dynamics and earthquake engineering has greatly evolved, leading to the evaluation of existing dams to ensure public safety. This study proposes a methodology for the proper modelling and characterisation of the uncertainties to assess the seismic vulnerability of a dam-type structure. This study also includes all the required analyses and verifications of the numerical model prior to performing a seismic fragility analysis and generating the corresponding fragility curves. The procedure presented herein also makes it possible to account for the uncertainties associated with the modelling parameters as well as the randomness in the seismic solicitation. The methodology was applied to a case study dam in Eastern Canada, whose vulnerability was assessed against seismic events with characteristics established by the current safety guidelines.

Using the Conditional Spectrum Method for Improved Fragility Assessment of Concrete Gravity Dams in Eastern Canada

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 1449-1468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Bernier ◽  
Ricardo Monteiro ◽  
Patrick Paultre
Keyword(s):  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Ground Motions ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Gravity Dams ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Proper Selection ◽  
Concrete Gravity Dams ◽  
Target Spectrum ◽  
Ground Motion Records ◽  
Selection Of

The accurate estimation of fragility functions requires the proper selection of ground motion records at different intensity levels. However, most of the available fragility assessments of concrete dams use the same records at all intensity levels and often selects them with an inadequate target spectrum. In order to improve the fragility assessment of such structures, this paper proposes the use of records selected with the Conditional Spectrum (CS) method within a multiple stripes analysis. The approach is applied to a dam in Eastern Canada, and a comparison with the methodology used by other studies is done. It is shown that the approach proposed herein allows for the reduction of the seismic response and fragility of the dam. Moreover, the uncertainty related to material properties becomes less significant when using the CS method, and the fragility curves could be reasonably estimated by considering the ground motions as the only source of uncertainty.

Seismic Fragilities of High-Voltage Substation Disconnect Switches

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 1559-1582
Author(s):  
Bai Wen ◽  
Mohamed A. Moustafa ◽  
Dai Junwu
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Ground Motions ◽  
Incremental Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Nonlinear Finite Element ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Substation Equipment ◽  
Motion Characteristics

Electrical substations and vital components, e.g., disconnect switches, experienced severe damage that caused blackouts during past earthquakes. To improve the seismic resiliency of power grids and use probabilistic decision-making frameworks, comprehensive fragility data for the different substation equipment are needed. The objective of this study is to investigate the seismic performance of and develop component and system fragility curves for a critical substation component: disconnect switches. The seismic vulnerability of two common switch types was evaluated and two operational configurations were considered. Detailed nonlinear finite element models for the full switches were calibrated using previous experimental data and used to conduct incremental dynamic analysis and carry out the fragility assessment. A total of 160 triaxial ground motions representing four sets of different ground motion characteristics were used. The switches’ fragility curves were developed and presented to be readily used for new substation design, prioritizing retrofit/maintenance activities and reliability assessment of power grids.

scholarly journals Comparison of ground motions estimated from prediction equations and from observed damage during the <i>M</i> = 4.6 1983 Liège earthquake (Belgium)

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1983-1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. García Moreno ◽  
T. Camelbeeck
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Ground Motions ◽  
Gravitational Acceleration ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Epicentral Area ◽  
Moderate Earthquake ◽  
Spectral Accelerations ◽  
Observed Damage

Abstract. On 8 November 1983 an earthquake of magnitude 4.6 damaged more than 16 000 buildings in the region of Liège (Belgium). The extraordinary damage produced by this earthquake, considering its moderate magnitude, is extremely well documented, giving the opportunity to compare the consequences of a recent moderate earthquake in a typical old city of Western Europe with scenarios obtained by combining strong ground motions and vulnerability modelling. The present study compares 0.3 s spectral accelerations estimated from ground motion prediction equations typically used in Western Europe with those obtained locally by applying the statistical distribution of damaged masonry buildings to two fragility curves, one derived from the HAZUS programme of FEMA (FEMA, 1999) and another developed for high-vulnerability buildings by Lang and Bachmann (2004), and to a method proposed by Faccioli et al. (1999) relating the seismic vulnerability of buildings to the damage and ground motions. The results of this comparison reveal good agreement between maxima spectral accelerations calculated from these vulnerability and fragility curves and those predicted from attenuation law equations, suggesting peak ground accelerations for the epicentral area of the 1983 earthquake of 0.13–0.20 g (g: gravitational acceleration).

Development of an Evaluation Method for Seismic Isolation Systems of Nuclear Power Facilities: Part 11 — Improvement of the Seismic Isolator Design Method

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Aikawa ◽  
Hiroshi Hibino ◽  
Yoshitaka Takeuchi ◽  
Shingo Asahara ◽  
Hideo Hirai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Seismic Isolation ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Axial Stress ◽  
Seismic Isolator ◽  
Rubber Bearing ◽  
Laminated Rubber Bearing ◽  
Isolation Systems ◽  
Seismic Isolation Systems

This paper provides a part of series of “Development of an Evaluation Method for Seismic Isolation Systems of Nuclear Power Facilities”. This part shows improvements of seismic isolator design method applied to nuclear power facilities. The proposed improvement design methods consist of the following two items. One is an improvement of design method for axial stress in a laminated rubber bearing. Largely different natural frequency in vertical and horizontal direction of the seismic isolator may need a special consideration to combine the design seismic loads in different directions. Therefore isolator’s behavior under multiple direction earthquake is studied, and an improved design method is proposed in the axial stress in a laminated rubber bearing. The other is a reasonable design method for seismic isolator joints. A seismic isolator joint is considered to be one of the key factors for assuring seismic integrity of the seismic isolation system for nuclear power facilities. As a series of design method of seismic isolators, evaluation method of axial force of anchor bolts, among various parts of joints, under design level seismic load is studied and improved method is proposed to confirm the structural behavior for a better performance of the system.

scholarly journals Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Single-Story Masonry Buildings in Kurdistan Region - Iraq

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Abdulhameed A. Yaseen ◽  
Mezgeen S. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Seismic Loads ◽  
Seismic Zone ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Motion Time ◽  
Damage States ◽  
Time Histories

Although the Kurdistan Region (KR) of Iraq lies in a relatively active seismic zone, most of its buildings have not been designed to resist seismic loads. So, the need to assess the vulnerability of the building stock to damage due to seismic loads will always be a demand. The building environment in the KR had extensively utilized low-rise unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings having one- to two-stories. The single-story buildings constitute about 67% of the total buildings in the region. The study aims to assess these types of buildings (single-story URM buildings) using the analytical fragility analysis approach. For that purpose, buildings in the region were classified and a typical single-story URM building was analytically modelled in TREMURI software. Seismic characteristics of KR were reviewed and based on it, 59 un-scaled ground motion time histories were selected from all parts of the world. Using incremental dynamic analysis, time histories applied to the analytical model and fragility curves were then developed for the different states of damage. The results show that the single-story buildings in the region are highly susceptible to slight and moderate damages under seismic loads; extensive as well as the very heavy damage states are likewise expected to happen in these types of buildings especially in the eastern part of the KR.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Seismic Vulnerability of Hospitals in the Tehran Metropolitan Area

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Setareh Ghaychi Afrouz ◽  
Alireza Farzampour ◽  
Zahra Hejazi ◽  
Masoud Mojarab
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Ground Motions ◽  
Active Faults ◽  
The United States ◽  
Damage And Failure ◽  
Proactive Management

The Tehran metropolitan area is extremely vulnerable to earthquakes due to the location of its active faults and its dense population. Assessing the probable damage of a high magnitude earthquake on buildings and facilities relies on a precise structural survey, which has an empirical basis depending on historic ground motions. The probability of damage and failure in discrete limits based on different ground motions is estimated by fragility curves. Using the most matching fragility curves for buildings in Tehran, the vulnerability of the hospitals in the capital, as one of the most critical structures in crisis management of disasters, was investigated in this study. Subsequently, the existing fragility curves, developed for Tehran and the other seismic prone countries such as Japan and the United States, were compared considering the typology of Tehran’s hospitals. Finally, the possible damages for each hospital were calculated based on the most conservative fragility curve and the most pessimistic scenario, which were used to evaluate the seismic vulnerability of hospitals and health care systems for different damage states. After zoning the damage of therapeutic areas of Tehran, it was observed that at least 2% to 10% damage occurred in all hospitals of Tehran, and none of the healthcare centers would remain structurally undamaged after a strong earthquake with the moment magnitude of 7 or more. In addition, the healthcare buildings could be prone to significant structural damage, especially in southern parts, which necessitates proactive management plans for Tehran metropolitan area.

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