scholarly journals Agronomic performance of super-sweet corn genotypes in the north of Rio de Janeiro

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Henrique Araújo Diniz Santos ◽  
Messias Gonzaga Pereira ◽  
Roberto dos Santos Trindade ◽  
Keila Silva da Cunha ◽  
Geovana Cremonini Entringer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
The North ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Genetic Value ◽  
Single Cross Hybrids

We investigated the agronomic performance of super-sweet corn genotypes. Super-sweet corn genotypes were backcrossed with regionally adapted field varieties (CIMMYT 8 and Piranão 8). Eight morphological and yield-related traits were evaluated. A significant effect of interaction was observed between the five groups of genotypes (donor parents; super-sweet backcrossed parents; super-sweet intervarietal hybrids; common intervarietal corn hybrids; and field corn populations). Despite the low yield of genotype SH2Piranão, the hybrids resulting from interbreeding of the backcrossed parents for the improvement of super-sweet corn were promising. The agronomic performance of the super-sweet parents and their hybrids indicates the possibility of breeding lines with high genetic value to obtain single-cross hybrids and cultivars of super-sweet corn adapted to the northern region of the State of Rio de Janeiro.

Identification of Field Corn Inbreds Adapted to Europe to Improve Agronomic Performance of Sweet Corn Hybrids

Crop Science ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 1134-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Malvar ◽  
M. E. Cartea ◽  
P. Revilla ◽  
A. Ordás
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Field Corn

scholarly journals Tolerance of Eight Sweet Corn (Zea mays L.) Hybrids to Pyroxasulfone

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah R. Sikkema ◽  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Peter H. Sikkema ◽  
Darren E. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Field Corn

Pyroxasulfone is an experimental herbicide for use in field corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean that may have potential for weed management in sweet corn. Tolerance of eight sweet corn hybrids to pyroxasulfone applied preemergence (PRE) at rates of 0, 209, and 418 g·ha−1 a.i. were studied at two Ontario locations in 2005 and 2006. Pyroxasulfone applied PRE at 209 and 418 g·ha−1 caused minimal (less than 3%) injury in Harvest Gold, GH2041, GH9589, GSS9299, GG214, GG446, GG763, and GG447 sweet corn hybrids at 7, 14, and 28 days after emergence. Pyroxasulfone applied PRE did not reduce plant height, cob size, or yield of any of the sweet corn hybrids tested in this study. Based on these results, pyroxasulfone applied PRE at the rates evaluated can be safely used for weed management in Harvest Gold, GH2041, GH9589, GSS9299, GG214, GG446, GG763, and GG447 sweet corn.

scholarly journals Modified backcross breeding method for rapid conversion of field corn line to shrunken2 (sh2) gene-based sweet corn line

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Jha ◽  
N. K. Singh ◽  
P. K. Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Recessive Mutant ◽  
Backcross Breeding ◽  
Skilled Person ◽  
Marker Assisted Backcross Breeding

The non-availability of superior and diverse inbred parents is one of the major bottlenecks to develop high yielding sweet corn hybrids. The sh2, one of the promising recessive mutant alleles, has been used in sweet corn development however its transfer to superior field corn lines may require extra inbreeding to identify heterozygous carrier plants. The use of molecular markers linked with sh2 requires a well-equipped laboratory and skilled person to carry the marker assisted backcross breeding (MABB). Considering the above constraints, a modified backcross breeding method was used taking advantage of shrunken kernel of sweet corn for foreground selection coupled with phenotypic comparison with recurrent parent (RP). The BC1F1 plants were grown and plants having high phenotypic similarity with RP were selfed as well as backcrossed as pollen parent. The BC2F1 kernels of BC1F1 plants having high similarity with RP and segregation in BC1F2 kernels were harvested. The BC2F1 plants phenotypically most similar to recomment parameter (RP) were selfed and the shrunken kernels were selected from the segregating BC2F2 .The shrunken kernels were homozygous (sh2sh2) at Sh2 locus, which were validated upon inbreeding based on nonsegregating kernels in BC2F3 . The modified backcross method used is rapid, cost effective and can be used by maize breeder with limited resources for conversion as well diversification of sweet corn germplasm.

scholarly journals First Report of Phoma terrestris Causing Red Root Rot on Sweet Corn (Zea mays) in North Carolina

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 1054-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Koenning ◽  
J. W. Frye ◽  
J. K. Pataky ◽  
M. Gibbs ◽  
D. Cotton
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Adventitious Shoot ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
First Report ◽  
The North ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Foliar Symptoms ◽  
Corn Plants

Red root rot, caused by Phoma terrestris E. M. Hansen, caused premature senescence and yield reductions to fresh-market sweet corn in Hyde County, North Carolina in July 2006. Foliar symptoms developed over a period of 5 to 8 days approximately 1 to 2 weeks after anthesis and included desiccation of leaves and poor development of ears. By 3 weeks after pollination, when the sweet corn was harvested, crowns and the first aboveground internode of affected plants were rotted and reddish colored, but roots appeared normal. The root mass of affected plants tended to be greater than that of unaffected plants. Incidence of symptomatic plants was greater than 30% in some fields and was lower on crops planted and harvested early. Symptomatic and asymptomatic plants were adjacent in affected fields. Diseased plants were more common in fields of sweet corn that followed soybean (Glycine max) or a double-crop of onions (Allium cepa) than in fields that followed corn. Incidence of symptomatic plants also differed among adjacent plantings of different sweet corn hybrids. Hybrids ‘173A’, ‘182A’, ‘378a’, and ‘XTH1178’ had a high incidence of symptomatic plants and ‘372A’, ‘278A’, ‘8101’, and ‘8102’ were less affected. Samples of symptomatic plants of the hybrid ‘182A’ were examined at the North Carolina Plant Disease and Insect Clinic during August. Olivaceous black pycnidia with long setae around the ostioles were imbedded in the stalk near the first node aboveground. Numerous conidia (1.8 to 2.3 × 4.5 to 5.5 μm) were released in cirri from pycnidia. When cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA), the fungus produced a red pigment and intercalary and terminal chlamydospores. Pathogenicity was demonstrated in the greenhouse by transplanting corn seedlings or direct-seeding corn into pots of soil infested with plates of PDA containing chlamydospores and hyphae. A suspension of chlamydospores and hyphae also was injected into the stems of plants 28 days after transplanting. Five replicates of the pathogenicity experiments were repeated twice with noninoculated controls. After 8 weeks, P. terrestris was recovered from the roots of all inoculated plants. Soil inoculation resulted in necrotic root tissue in approximately 25% of inoculated plants. Approximately 90% of inoculated plants had discolored crowns that resembled symptoms from field infected plants. Stem inoculations resulted in necrosis extending 2 to 5 cm from the point of injection and resulted in shoot death of 40% of inoculated plants that resulted in the development of an adventitious shoot. Red root rot was prevalent on field corn in the Delmarva Peninsula throughout the late 1980s and 1990s (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of this disease causing damage to sweet corn in North Carolina. Foliar symptoms and discoloration of crowns of diseased sweet corn plants were similar to previously described symptoms of red root rot on field corn (2), however, roots of affected sweet corn plants were not substantially rotted and did not have a symptomatic reddish pink or dark carmine color, presumably because sweet corn is harvested prior to the development of root symptoms. References: (1) K. W. Campbell et al. Plant Dis. 75:1186, 1991. (2) D. G. White, ed. Compendium of Corn Diseases. The American Phytopathological Society, St Paul, MN, 1999.

scholarly journals Identification and Inheritance of Delayed First Pustule Appearance to Common leaf Rust in Sweet Corn

1995 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.R. Gingera ◽  
D.W. Davis ◽  
J.V. Groth
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Partial Resistance ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Puccinia Sorghi ◽  
Mean Delay ◽  
Field Environment ◽  
Wide Range

Partial resistance effectively reduces common leafrust (Puccinia sorghi Schw.) epidemics in sweet corn (Zea mays L.). One measurable field component of partial resistance is delayed first pustule appearance (FPA), influenced by latent period and infection efficiency. This is the first report of delayed FPA against common rust in sweet corn. Our objectives were to determine 1) if differences in delayed FPA could be assessed in a field environment, 2) the relationship between delayed FPA and disease severity, and 3) the inheritance of delayed FPA. FPA was screened in a field environment during 1992 and 1993 using two susceptible U.S. station inbreds and 32 breeding lines selected for partial resistance to common rust. The range in mean delay in FPA on a genotype basis was 2.4 to 5.0 days in 1992 and 1.5 to 7.4 days in 1993. Although the rank correlation of genotypes between years was small (r = 0.27), several breeding lines had longer delayed FPA in both years while others produced shorter FPA delay in both years. Seven commercial sweet corn hybrids with a wide range of partial resistance did not differ (P ≤ 0.05) for delayed FPA. There was no correlation between disease severity and delayed FPA (r2 = 0.00 to 0.21) for breeding lines or commercial hybrids, indicating that selection for delayed FPA may be conducted independently of disease severity. In a generation mean analysis conducted in 1993 and 1994 for three high x low delayed FPA crosses, the genetic control of delayed FPA was primarily additive. Dominant genetic effects were found in two crosses and epistasis was not significant in any cross.

scholarly journals Modern processes of palynomorph deposition at lakes of the northern region of the Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 679-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia F.P. da Luz ◽  
Ortrud M. Barth ◽  
Cleverson G. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Palynological Analysis ◽  
The North ◽  
Pollen Types ◽  
Lake Bottom ◽  
Superficial Sediments ◽  
Janeiro State

Palynological analysis of pollen, Pteridophyta spores and algae deposited in the superficial sediments at Lagoa de Cima and Lagoa do Campelo Lakes, located in the north of Rio de Janeiro state, was used to determine the spatial variation of the palynomorphs deposition. A total of 67 pollen types were identified at Lagoa de Cima, with an expressive contribution of regional arboreous taxa, hydrophytes and ruderal plants of the pastureland. The depositional pattern of palynomorphs depends on the fluvial leakage, the proximity of the local sedimentation to the inlet of the Imbé and Urubu Rivers and the bathymetry of lake bottom. The highest concentrations of palynomorphs were observed in the decentralized and less deeper area, without the interference of the northeastern wind. At Lagoa do Campelo, a total of 58 pollen types were identified, among which the majority of the pollen grains came from hydrophytes, with the highest concentrations found along the northeastern shore. The southeastern shore showed high percentages of pollen and spores with degraded exine and mechanical damage, due to the transport through the lakeby the currents caused by the wind, confirmed by the depositional trend of damaged palinomorphs along the same direction as the prevailing winds.

scholarly journals Comparison Among Sweet Corn Heterotic Patterns

2006 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
pp. 388-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Revilla ◽  
V.M. Rodríguez ◽  
R.A. Malvar ◽  
A. Butrón ◽  
A. Ordás
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Southern Spain ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Northwestern Spain ◽  
Heterotic Pattern ◽  
Cold Chamber ◽  
Early Vigor

Four sweet corn (Zea mays L.) heterotic patterns have been reported among sugary1 (su1) open-pollinated cultivars: two among sweet corn cultivars (`Golden Bantam' × `Country Gentleman' and `Golden Bantam' × `Stowell's Evergreen'), one related to the `Reid' × `Lancaster' field corn heterotic pattern (`NE-HY-13A' × `NE-HY-13B'), and one related to the northern × southern Spain field corn heterotic pattern (`EPS31' × `EPS32'). The objective of this research was to compare the performance of sweet corn heterotic patterns. The four crosses and their seven parents were evaluated in 2 years, at two environments in northwestern Spain, as well as in a cold chamber. `Golden Bantam' × `Stowell's Evergreen' and `Golden Bantam' × `Country Gentleman' had poorer agronomic performance and better ear quality than `NE-HY-13A' × `NE-HY-13B' and `EPS31' × `EPS32'. `Golden Bantam' × `Stowell's Evergreen' had the best cold tolerance in the cold chamber. Earliness, emergence, and early vigor were higher for `EPS31' × `EPS32', related to the northern × southern Spain field corn heterotic pattern. Heterosis was positive and significant for several traits for `Golden Bantam' × `Stowell's Evergreen' and `Golden Bantam' × `Country Gentleman,' while heterosis was not significant for `NE-HY-13A' × `NE-HY-13B' and `EPS31' × `EPS32'. The objective of capitalizing on the `Reid' × `Lancaster' and the northern × southern Spain field corn heterotic patterns for improving sweet corn has failed. We believe that heterosis is lost when field corn heterotic patterns are combined with sweet corn, due to incompatibility in gene combination among sweet and field corn genetic backgrounds.

scholarly journals Response of Eight Sweet Corn (Zea mays L.) Hybrids to Topramezone

HortScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Peter H. Sikkema ◽  
John Zandstra ◽  
John O'Sullivan ◽  
Darren E. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Initial Sensitivity

Topramezone is a newly introduced herbicide for use in field corn (Zea mays L.) that may have potential for weed management in sweet corn. Tolerance of eight sweet corn hybrids to topramezone applied postemergence (POST) at 0, 50, 75, 100, 150, and 300 g a.i. ha− 1 were studied at one Ontario location in 2000 and two locations in 2001 and 2002. Topramezone applied POST at 50, 75, 100, and 150 g·ha− 1 did not cause any visual injury in Calico Belle, CNS 710, Delmonte 2038, FTF 222, FTF 246, GH 2684, Reveille, and Rival sweet corn hybrids at 7 days after treatment (DAT) and caused minimal injury (less than 5%) at 300 g·ha− 1 in all hybrids. The initial sensitivity observed in these hybrids was minimal and transient with no effect on visual injury at 14 and 28 DAT. Topramezone applied POST did not reduce plant height, cob size, or marketable yield of the sweet corn hybrids included in this study. Based on these results, topramezone applied POST at the rates evaluated can be safely applied to Calico Belle, CNS 710, Delmonte 2038, FTF 222, FTF 246, GH 2684, Reveille, and Rival sweet corn.

scholarly journals Agronomic performance of experimental super sweet corn hybrids

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-204
Author(s):  
Emanuel Gava ◽  
Marcos V Faria ◽  
Welton L Zaluski ◽  
Jocimar C Rosa ◽  
Elida AP Paiva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Sowing Season ◽  
Corn Inbred ◽  
Partial Diallel

ABSTRACT Super sweet is classified as a special type of corn, due to the presence of genes which promote sugar accumulation in grains, significantly reducing starch content in the endosperm. This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of experimental super sweet corn hybrids, carrying the gene shrunken-2, in order to identify and select promising genotypes for Southern Brazil. The experiments were carried out in two sowing seasons in 2017/18, in the experimental field of UNICENTRO, Guarapuava-PR, Brazil. Thirty-two experimental hybrids resulting from an 8x4 partial diallel among super sweet corn inbred lines from four distinct populations were evaluated along with two commercial hybrids (BRS Vivi and Tropical Plus) used as checks. Traits of agronomic and commercial interest were evaluated: male flowering (MF), husk covering index (HCI), yield of husked ears (YHE), grain yield (GY), commercial prolificacy (CPR), percentage of commercial ears (PCE), color (COL) and soluble solids (SS) of the grains. We verified significant differences among the experimental hybrids, except for COL. There was no significant effect of sowing season regarding to SS. Genotypes x seasons interaction was significant for YHE, GY, CPR, PCE and COL. There are promising experimental hybrids showing performances superior to commercial super sweet corn hybrids used in Brazil. The experimental hybrids D2-61 x D5-41 and D3-10 x D5-43 were superior to the other experimental genotypes. The experimental hybrid D2-61 x D5-41 shows potential to meet the demands of the current super sweet corn market.

scholarly journals Cultivar Heterosis between Sweet and Spanish Field Corn

2000 ◽  
Vol 125 (6) ◽  
pp. 684-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Revilla ◽  
Pablo Velasco ◽  
María Isabel Vales ◽  
Rosa Ana Malvar ◽  
Amando Ordás
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Heterotic Groups ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Northwestern Spain ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Synthetic Cultivars

Field corn (Zea mays L. var. mays) cultivar heterosis could improve sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. rugosa Bonaf) heterotic patterns. Two Spanish field corn (Su) and two sweet corn (su) heterotic patterns have been reported previously. The objective of this study was to determine which sweet × field corn crosses could be used to improve sweet corn heterotic groups. A diallel among three sweet corn cultivars (`Country Gentleman', `Golden Bantam', and `Stowell's Evergreen') that are representative of the variability among modern sweet corn cultivars, and three field corn synthetic cultivars [`EPS6(S)C3', `EPS7(S)C3', and `EPS10'] representing the heterotic patterns involving Spanish field corn, was evaluated for 2 years at two locations in northwestern Spain. Differences in heterosis effects (hjj') and average heterosis (h) were significant for all traits except grain moisture. Differences for cultivar heterosis (hj) and specific heterosis (sjj') were significant for grain yield, plant height, and kernel row number. `EPS6(S)C3' had lower sjj' for yield in crosses to `Golden Bantam' than to `Stowell's Evergreen', while `EPS7(S)C3' had higher sjj' in crosses to `Golden Bantam' than to `Stowell's Evergreen'. The best crosses to establish enhanced sweet corn heterotic patterns involving Spanish maize would be `Golden Bantam' × `EPS6(S)C3' and `Stowell's Evergreen' × `EPS7(S)C3'. New sugary 1 cultivars would require preliminary cycles of intrapopulational recurrent selection for agronomic performance and flavor prior initiating an interpopulational recurrent selection program to enhance heterosis.

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