Periodontal Status of Teeth Adjacent to Nongrafted Unilateral Alveolar Clefts

The purpose of this study was to compare the periodontal condition of teeth adjacent to the cleft with contralateral teeth in adult subjects with a nongrafted unilateral alveolar cleft. Periodontal parameters were evaluated in 18 subjects who had at least one tooth immediately adjacent to the cleft. For each tooth investigated, plaque index, gingival index, and probing depth were recorded and each tooth was assigned a mobility score. Width of attached gingiva and extent of recession was measured. Bone level was assessed using standardized magnified radiographs and a computerized digitizing system. The overall findings of this study support those of other studies and indicate that in individuals with a nongrafted alveolar cleft, teeth adjacent to the defect show signs of gingivitis but not of periodontal disease. The anatomic defect, eruption pattern, orthodontic tooth movements, and the presence of restorations appear to contribute to the reduced bone level on the central incisor adjacent to the cleft and to the presence of gingivitis.

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Systemic use of metronidazole in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: a pilot study using clinical, microbiological, and enzymatic evaluation

Brazilian Oral Research ◽

10.1590/s1806-83242004000200006 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 121-127 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Solange Alonso Vergani ◽

Emílio Barbosa e Silva ◽

Adriana Helena Vinholis ◽

Rosemary Adriana Chiérici Marcantonio

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

Clinical Parameters ◽

Scaling And Root Planing ◽

Gingival Index ◽

Clinical Attachment Level ◽

Group I ◽

Probing Depth ◽

Chronic Periodontal Disease ◽

Attachment Level ◽

Systemic Metronidazole

The aim of the present parallel, double-blind investigation was to evaluate the effect of using systemic metronidazole alone or associated to scaling and root planing on adult chronic periodontal disease, monitored at baseline, 30, 60 and 90 days. Twelve subjects were divided into three groups: the first group (Group I - 22 sites) was submitted to scaling and root planing (SRP) alone; the second group (Group II - 30 sites) received SRP and 250 mg of metronidazole (3 times a day for 10 days), and the third group (Group III - 31 sites) was treated with metronidazole alone. The clinical parameters evaluated were probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index (PlI), gingival index (GI) and bleeding upon probing (BP). Microbiological (BANA test) and enzymatic (Pocket Watch) tests were also performed. All three proposed treatments produced significant improvements in clinical conditions of subjects, from baseline, 30, 60 and 90-day period, except for clinical attachment level. The results obtained by microbiological and enzymatic tests did not show statistical differences among the groups for the 90-day period (r = 0.7924 and r = 0.7757, respectively). In relation to clinical parameters, statistical differences among groups were observed only for the gingival index (p = 0.0261) between Groups I and II, and probing depth (p = 0.0124) between Group I and the others. We conclude that the use of systemic metronidazole did not produce additional effects on the microbiological conditions of these patients with chronic periodontal disease.

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Nutritional intervention in patients with periodontal disease: clinical, immunological and microbiological variables during 12 months

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114508047776 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 101 (6) ◽

pp. 879-885 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Axel Jenzsch ◽

Sigrun Eick ◽

Fausi Rassoul ◽

Regina Purschwitz ◽

Holger Jentsch

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Periodontal Disease ◽

Chronic Periodontitis ◽

Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽

Nutritional Intervention ◽

Gingival Index ◽

Granulocyte Elastase ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Probing Depth ◽

Crevicular Fluid

The role of nutrition in onset, progression and treatment of periodontitis has not been thoroughly evaluated. In the present prospective clinical study, we investigated the influence of a nutritional intervention on changes in clinical, microbiological and immunological periodontal variables during a period of 12 months in patients with the metabolic syndrome and chronic periodontitis. Twenty female subjects with the metabolic syndrome and mild to moderate chronic periodontitis participated in a guided nutritional intervention programme. Examinations were assessed before, and at 2 weeks, 3, 6 and 12 months after intervention. Clinical measurements included probing depth, Löe and Silness gingival index and Quigley–Hein plaque index. In gingival crevicular fluid, periodontopathogens, levels of IL-1β and IL-6 as well as the activity of granulocyte elastase were determined. In stimulated saliva, antioxidative and oxidative variables were measured. After 12 months the following significant changes could be observed: reduction of clinical probing depth (2·40 v. 2·20 mm; P < 0·001), reduction of gingival inflammation (gingival index 1·13 v. 0·9; P < 0·001), reduced concentrations of IL-1β (4·63 v. 1·10 pg/ml per site; P < 0·001) as well as IL-6 (1·85 v. 0·34 pg/ml per site; P = 0·022) in gingival crevicular fluid. Bacterial counts in gingival crevicular fluid as well as oxidative and antioxidative variables in saliva showed no significant changes. Only salivary catalase showed a tendency to lower values. These findings indicate that in patients with the metabolic syndrome wholesome nutrition might reduce inflammatory variables of periodontal disease and promote periodontal health.

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Evaluating the Effect of Attached Gingiva Height on Pre-implant Tissue

Avicenna Journal of Dental Research ◽

10.34172/ajdr.2021.26 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 135-141

Author(s):

Mohsen Bidgoli ◽

Maryam Pourjebreil

Keyword(s):

Patient Comfort ◽

P Value ◽

Gingival Index ◽

Gingival Inflammation ◽

Prosthetic Implants ◽

Probing Depth ◽

Attached Gingiva ◽

Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽

Natural Teeth ◽

Implant Crown

Background: Many patients refer to their load implants while there is no attached gingiva in the area of prosthetic implants – unlike the attached gingivae found with natural teeth. The important role played by gingiva in comforting the patient and preventing gingival inflammation has not been fully appreciated yet. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the attached gingival height with gingival inflammation and patients’ comfort. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted to examine 80 implants (Dio uf) placed in 63 patients. At least two months had passed since the patients had had implant crown. The patients were divided into three groups: attached gingiva, gingival up to 2 mm, and at least 2 mm of attached gingiva. Indices such as bleeding on probing (BOP), the amount of plaque, gingival index and patient comfort during brushing and chewing were evaluated. Statistical data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov– Smirnov test, Levene’s test and independent t-test. Results: By increasing the height of attached gingiva, decreases were observed in probing depth (P value=0.004), BOP (P value=0.001), the degree of plaque index (P value=0.006), and gingival index (P value=0.003); and this association was statistically quite significant. By increasing the attached gingiva height, furthermore, the patients felt less discomfort when brushing and chewing; however, the findings were not statistically significant in terms of patients’ comfort during chewing (P value=0.364). Conclusions: Increasing the height of attached gingiva reduced the symptoms of gingival inflammation, but increased patients’ comfort when chewing and brushing.

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Evaluation of periodontal condition and risk in patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis

Einstein (São Paulo) ◽

10.1590/s1679-45082017ao3867 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 173-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yeon Jung Kim ◽

Luciana Martins de Moura ◽

Christiane Peres Caldas ◽

Caroline Perozini ◽

Gilson Fernandes Ruivo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

High Risk ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Periodontal Disease ◽

Gingival Index ◽

Clinical Attachment Level ◽

Probing Depth ◽

Severe Periodontal Disease ◽

Periodontal Risk ◽

Attachment Level

ABSTRACT Objective To establish a profile of periodontal conditions in chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis and their periodontal risk. Methods We included 115 patients on hemodialysis. Clinical periodontal parameters assessed were: plaque index, gingival index, probing depth and clinical attachment level. Patients were classified according to presence/absence and severity of periodontal disease and periodontal risk. Results In 107 dentate patients (93%) the plaque index was 1.53±0.78, the gingival index was 0.95±0.85, the probing depth was 2.2±0.6mm and the clinical attachment level was 3.18±1.75mm. We observed that 1 patient (0.94%) did not have periodontal disease, 55 patients (51.40%) had slight, 28 (26.17%) moderate and 23 (21.49%) severe periodontal disease. Among 107 patients, 37 (34.58%) had low risk, 35 (32.71%) moderate risk and 35 (32.71%) high risk. Patients with severe periodontal disease showed 104.5 more chance of high risk compared with low risk individuals (odds ratio: 104.5; 95%CI: 10.7-1017.2; p<0.0001). Conclusion Most of patients with chronic renal disease presented periodontal disease, indicating the presence of chronic inflammatory and infection process that may influence in systemic conditions. A prevention and interventionist approach in this population is needed, especially to emphasize the importance of oral health. The periodontal risk assessment is a useful tool to create individualized periodontal therapies and to improve general health condition.

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Association of Periodontal Disease and Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis with Trial Sequential Analysis

The Open Dentistry Journal ◽

10.2174/1874210601913010478 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 478-487 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fathima F. Farook ◽

Ka Ting Ng ◽

Nuzaim MNM ◽

Wen J. Koh ◽

Wan Y. Teoh

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ◽

Plaque Index ◽

Gingival Index ◽

Clinical Attachment Loss ◽

Bleeding On Probing ◽

Attachment Loss ◽

Probing Depth ◽

Healthy Cohort ◽

Ovarian Syndrome

Introduction: Several articles have suggested a potential synergistic relationship between periodontal disease and systemic inflammatory diseases, such as Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) and diabetes mellitus. However, the associations between periodontal disease and PCOS population remain unclear in the literature. Objective: The primary aim of this review is to examine the associations between periodontal disease and PCOS with different scoring methods, namely clinical attachment loss, probing depth, gingival index, percentage of bleeding on probing and plaque index. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL were systematically searched for observational studies and case-control studies from its inception until 2nd June, 2019. Case reports, case series, non-systematic reviews and trials published as abstracts were excluded. Results: Four articles (614 subjects) were included for analysis. Out of 614 subjects, 329 PCOS patients were compared to 285 healthy subjects. In comparison to healthy cohort, women with PCOS had a statistically significant increase in clinical attachment loss (MD: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.13-0.55, ρ=0.002), probing depth (MD: 0.35, 95%CI: 0.21-0.48, ρ<0.001), gingival index (MD: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.70-1.11, ρ<0.001) and percentage of bleeding on probing (MD: 34.41, 95% CI: 20.23-48.59, ρ<0.001). No difference was demonstrated in plaque index (MD: 0.42, 95% CI: -0.29-1.12, ρ=0.24) for both PCOS and healthy cohort. Conclusion: PCOS is significantly associated with a higher severity of the periodontal disease. This association should be emphasized during the management of PCOS patients, by including referral to dentists or periodontists for regular mechanical debridement of plaque and periodontal maintenance.

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Significance of the Width of Keratinized Mucosa on the Health Status of the Supporting Tissue Around Implants Supporting Overdentures

Journal of Oral Implantology ◽

10.1563/aaid-joi-d-09-00035.1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

pp. 232-237 ◽

Cited By ~ 75

Author(s):

Mehdi Adibrad ◽

Mohammad Shahabuei ◽

Mahasti Sahabi

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Index Score ◽

Plaque Index ◽

Gingival Index ◽

Bleeding On Probing ◽

Probing Depth ◽

Bone Level ◽

Keratinized Mucosa ◽

Attachment Level ◽

Periodontal Attachment

Abstract Our objective was to determine the association between keratinized mucosa width and the health status of the supporting tissue around implants supporting overdentures. Sixty-six functioning dental implants were examined. Periodontal parameters measured included gingival index, plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing depth, mucosal recession, periodontal attachment level, radiographic bone level, and width of keratinized mucosa. A negative correlation was found between keratinized mucosa width and mucosal recession and periodontal attachment level. When data were dichotomized by keratinized mucosa width, the mean gingival index score, plaque index score, and bleeding on probing were significantly higher for those implants with a narrow zone (<2 mm) of keratinized mucosa. A wider mucosal band (≥2 mm) was associated with less mucosal recession and periodontal attachment loss compared with a narrow (<2 mm) band. The absence of adequate keratinized mucosa around implants supporting overdentures was associated with higher plaque accumulation, gingival inflammation, bleeding on probing, and mucosal recession.

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Periodontal Status of Patients with Non -Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

Journal of Nepalese Society of Periodontology and Oral Implantology ◽

10.3126/jnspoi.v3i1.24819 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 2-5

Author(s):

Sameer Aryal ◽

Binod Adhikari ◽

Reshu Agrawal ◽

Krishna Gopal Bhuju ◽

Riwas Karki

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Periodontal Disease ◽

Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽

Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Gingival Index ◽

Established Risk Factor ◽

Probing Depth ◽

Insulin Dependent

Introduction: Association of Diabetes Mellitus and periodontal disease has been well established over the last few decades. It is a well established risk factor in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Objective: This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of periodontal disease in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Methods: Individuals with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus for the duration of at least five years were selected. Plaque Index (PII), Gingival Index (GI), Loss of attachment (LA) and Probing Depth (PD) were recorded using William’s Periodontal probe. Results: Patients with Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus demonstrated higher loss of attachment. Conclusion: The results showed statistically significant association between non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease thus supporting it as a risk factor for periodontitis.

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Clinical Evaluation Of The Periodontal Condition During Fixed Orthodontic Treatment

European Scientific Journal ESJ ◽

10.19044/esj.2016.v12n24p78 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (24) ◽

pp. 78

Author(s):

Krisztina Martha ◽

Irinel Panainte ◽

Alexandru Ogodescu

Keyword(s):

Clinical Study ◽

Dental Plaque ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Plaque Index ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Gingival Index ◽

Gingival Inflammation ◽

Periodontal Status ◽

Periodontal Condition ◽

Probing Depth

Throughout orthodontic treatment, oral hygiene is particularly important and must be rigorously controlled throughout therapeutic act. The aim of our clinical study was to examine the periodontal status of patients before, during and after orthodontic appliances are used. 50 patients were selected, plaque index, gingival index, modified papillae bleeding index and clinical probing depth was evaluated on anchorage teeth, separately those with orthodontic bands and tubes. One of the most common findings during this kind of treatment is gingival alteration in the posterior region. Our practical observations showed a different status of these alterations at patients wearing bands on the anchorage teeth versus those with buccal tubes. Using some of the indices which describes the periodontal status at adult and adolescent patients, we found out that adolescents present a higher plaque index, and the accumulation of dental plaque is more severe when bands are used in both categories. Another finding, which is very important in everyday practice is that gingival inflammation and plaque accumulation decrease one month after debonding.

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Effectiveness of Brushing Associated with Oral Irrigation in Maintenance of Peri-Implant Tissues and Overdentures: Clinical Parameters and Patient Satisfaction.

Journal of Oral Implantology ◽

10.1563/aaid-joi-d-19-00092 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Marcela Moreira Salles ◽

Viviane de Cássia Oliveira ◽

Ana Paula Macedo ◽

Claudia Helena Silva-Lovato ◽

Helena de Freitas Oliveira Paranhos

Keyword(s):

Patient Satisfaction ◽

Analogue Scale ◽

Ring System ◽

Complete Dentures ◽

Gingival Index ◽

Prosthetic Rehabilitation ◽

Mean Values ◽

Probing Depth ◽

Significant Difference ◽

High Level

Implant-supported prostheses hygiene and peri-implant tissues health are considered to be predictive factors for successful prosthetic rehabilitation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of brushing associated with oral irrigation measured as biofilm-removing capacity, maintenance of healthy oral tissues, and patient satisfaction. A randomized, crossover clinical trial was conducted with 38 patients who wore conventional maxillary complete dentures and mandibular overdentures retained by the O-ring system. The patients were instructed to use the following hygiene methods for 14 days: mechanical brushing [MB (brush and dentifrice - Control)]; and MB with oral irrigation [WP (Waterpik - Experimental)]. Biofilm-removing capacity and maintenance of healthy oral tissues were evaluated by the Modified Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Probing Depth (PD), and Bleeding on Probing Index (BP) recorded at baseline and after each method. In parallel, patients answered a specific questionnaire using a Visual Analogue Scale after each hygiene method. Data were analyzed by Friedman and Wilcoxon tests (α=0.05). The results showed significantly lower PI, GI, PD, and BP indices after application of the hygiene methods (P<0.001) than those observed at baseline. However, no significant difference was found between MB and WP. The satisfaction questionnaire responses to both methods showed high mean values for all questions, with no statistically significant difference found between the answers given after the use of MB and WP (P>0.05). The findings suggest that WP was effective in reducing PI, GI, PD, and BP indices and provided a high level of patient satisfaction.

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The Treatment of Peri-Implant Diseases: A New Approach Using HYBENX® as a Decontaminant for Implant Surface and Oral Tissues

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10050512 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 512

Author(s):

Michele Antonio Lopez ◽

Pier Carmine Passarelli ◽

Emmanuele Godino ◽

Nicolò Lombardo ◽

Francesca Romana Altamura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surgical Treatment ◽

Pathological Condition ◽

Implant Surface ◽

Probing Depth ◽

Average Residual ◽

Potential Benefits ◽

Bone Level ◽

Bone Gain ◽

Open Flap Debridement

Background: Peri-implantitis is a pathological condition characterized by an inflammatory process involving soft and hard tissues surrounding dental implants. The management of peri-implant disease has several protocols, among which is the chemical method HYBENX®. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the efficacy of HYBENX® in the treatment of peri-implantitis and to compare HYBENX® with other chemical agents used in the surgical treatment of peri-implantitis. Methods: The present study included a population of ten subjects with severe peri-implantitis. The procedure used in the study involves the application of HYBENX® after open-flap debridement. Each patient has been followed for 12 months after a single application of the decontaminant agent. Clinical and radiographical parameters were recorded at baseline, 3 months, and 12 months after treatment completion. Results: At baseline, a mean pocket probing depth (PPD) of 7.3 ± 0.5 mm and a mean clinical attachment level (CAL) of 8.8 ± 0.8 mm was recorded. An average residual PPD of 4.2 ± 0.5 mm and a mean CAL of 5.2 ± 0.8 mm were observed after 1 year. Additionally, the average of bone gain was about 3.4 mm, with a mean marginal bone level (MBL) change from 5.8 mm (baseline) to 2.4 mm (12 months). In total, 90% of the treated implants reached the success rate after the 1-year follow-up. Only in one case out of ten treated implants was resolution of the disease not achieved. Conclusion: Clinical improvements highlight that the procedure of open-flap debridement (OFD) + HYBENX® may be considered an effective technique in the treatment of peri-implantitis. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that the use of HYBENX® in the surgical treatment of peri-implantitis is promising. Overall, this protocol demands further studies to better understand the role and potential benefits of HYBENX® in the treatment of peri-implantitis.

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