Skull Morphology Affected by Different Sleep Positions in Infancy

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 413-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiung-Shing Huang ◽  
Hsin-Chung Cheng ◽  
Wen-Yuan Lin ◽  
Jein-Wein Liou ◽  
Yu-Ray Chen
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
The Body ◽  
Head Length ◽  
Sleep Position ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Cephalic Index ◽  
Craniofacial Skeleton ◽  
Skull Morphology ◽  
Supine Sleep ◽  
The Relationship

In Infancy, prior to cranial suture and fontanel calcification, the craniofacial skeleton can be easily deformed by an externally exerted force. In this study, the relationship between the sleep position and skull morphology was investigated. A group of 81 cleft lip and/or palate infants without other systemic anomalies was first seen in the craniofacial center at approximately 1 month of age. The sleep position of each infant was recorded as supine, prone, or mixed type. The body and skull growth were longitudinally measured at 1, 3, and 6 months of age. Infants sleeping in the supine sleep position tended to have a wider head width, shorter head length, and a larger cephalic Index by 6 months of age. The opposite phenomena were observed in the prone sleep group. The mixed sleep group tended to have head width, head length, and cephalic index between those of the supine sleep group and the prone sleep group. During the first 3 months of life, the sleep position could mold the skull primarily in the dimension of head width. In conclusion, the supine sleep position may promote brachycephaly and the prone sleep position dolichocephaly.

Maxillary Dental Arch Affected by Different Sleep Positions in Unilateral Complete Cleft Lip and Palate Infants

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiung-Shing Huang ◽  
Hsin-Chung Cheng ◽  
Yu-Ray Chen ◽  
M. Samuel Noordhoff
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Longitudinal Change ◽  
Sleep Position ◽  
Dental Arch ◽  
Initial Visit ◽  
Arch Width ◽  
Supine Sleep ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Maxillary Arch

The development of the dental arch is well designed for adaptive and compensatory growth. In this study, the relationship between the sleep position and dental arch development was Investigated. A group of 42 infants with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate with either prone (16) or supine (26) sleep position were seen in the craniofacial center. All infants were less than 1 month of age at the initial visit. Dental impressions of the maxillary arch were taken at the initial visit and just before cheiloplasty. Ten arch dimensions were measured in each dental cast and the longitudinal change in each dimension was compared between the prone sleep group and the supine sleep group. Statistically significant changes were detected in the growth rate of the following dimensions: intercanine width, intertuberosity width, alveolar cleft width, anterior cleft width, and posterior cleft width. This study indicated that sleep position affected maxillary arch development. Infants sleeping in the prone sleep position tended to have narrower arch width and cleft width.

scholarly journals Height estimation from head dimensions in South-South Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis E. O. Eboh ◽  
John O. Ohaju-Obodo
Keyword(s):  
Head Circumference ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Body Height ◽  
The Body ◽  
Head Length ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Height Estimation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Combined Data

Abstract Background Height estimation is an important stage of forensic investigation to identify an unknown person. The problem of unidentified human remains in the study area, due to local militia activities, kidnapping, and murder, necessitated this study to assess the correlation between the body height and head dimensions and to formulate regression models for estimation of height that are population and gender-specific. Materials and methods The study involved 952 subjects (464 males and 488 females), aged 18–30 years, from five ethnic groups and sampled from six universities in South-South Nigeria. Stature, head circumference, head length, and head width were measured using a standard anthropometric method. The data collected were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 20. Statistical significance was pegged at p < 0.05. Results There was a significantly greater head dimension in males compared to females. There was a significant relationship between height and head dimensions in the majority of data. The relationship of the head circumference with stature was strongest in male data among the Bekwara and combined data among the Esan and Urhobo. Regarding the head length, the strongest relationship was in females and combined data among Bekwara, and males and combined data among the Ogbia had the strongest relationship. The relationship of stature with the head width was strongest in males and combined data among the Bekwara, and female data among the Ogbia. Conclusion This study showed that head dimensions can be used as tools in the height reconstruction of an individual using simple and multiple regression models, and this has medico-legal implication.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Simple Snoring and Sleep Bruxism: A Polysomnographic Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 8960
Author(s):  
Monika Michalek-Zrabkowska ◽  
Mieszko Wieckiewicz ◽  
Piotr Macek ◽  
Pawel Gac ◽  
Joanna Smardz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Sleep Bruxism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Upper Aerodigestive Tract ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Supine Sleep ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Simple Snoring

Simple snoring is defined as the production of sound in the upper aerodigestive tract during sleep, not accompanied by other pathologies. Sleep bruxism (SB) refers to repetitive phasic, tonic, or mixed masticatory muscle activity during sleep. In this study, we investigated the relationship between simple snoring and SB in patients without obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). A total of 565 snoring subjects underwent polysomnography. After examination, individuals with OSA were excluded from the study group. Finally, 129 individuals were analyzed. The bruxism episode index was positively correlated with maximum snore intensity. Phasic bruxism was positively correlated with snore intensity in all sleep positions. Bruxers had a significantly decreased average and minimum heart rate compared with non-bruxers. Supine sleep position seemed to have a significant impact on snore intensity and SB. In summary, our study showed the relationship between SB, snore intensity, and body position. Phasic bruxism was positively correlated with snore intensity despite the body position, which is an interesting and novel finding.

scholarly journals A new species of Gymnotus (Gymnotiformes: Gymnotidae) from the Fitzcarrald Arch of southeastern Peru

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel L. Maxime ◽  
James S. Albert
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Species Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Head Length ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Oxbow Lakes ◽  
Anterior Portion ◽  
Body Depth

Herein Gymnotus chaviro is described from the Alto Yuruá (upper rio Juruá) of southeastern Peru, where it is locally abundant in terra firme streams and floodplain oxbow lakes, and occurs sympatrically and syntopically with the type species of the genus G. carapo. The new species is diagnosed by a unique combination of morphometric, meristic, and osteological traits, and a characteristic color pattern in which the dark band-pairs are unbranched and incompletely separated, and the pale inter-bands rarely reach to the dorsal mid-line on the anterior half of the body, being crescent-shaped in abdominal area. Gymnotus chaviro is a member of the G. carapo species group, with which it shares the presence of two pores in the dorsolateral portion of the preopercle, dark pigment bands with wavy margins that become broken and/or loose contrast with the ground color through growth, a clear patch at the caudal end of an otherwise darkly pigmented anal fin, and more than four arrowhead-shaped (anteroposteriorly compressed) teeth in the anterior portion of the dentary. Gymnotus chaviro is most similar in external appearance to G. curupira of lowland Western Amazonia in possessing a slender lateral profile (mean body depth less than 9% total length), a similar color pattern (median number of bands 19 with bands less distinct on dorsum), a large inter-orbital distance (mean greater than 41% head length), a broad head (mean head width greater than 65% head length) and a large mouth (mean mouth width greater than 43% head length). This new species can also be distinguished from G. curupira by the configuration of the preopercular pores, and by several meristic traits of squamation and fin rays. This is the first gymnotiform species described from the interior of the Fitzcarrald Arch, and the only gymnotiform species known to date that is endemic to this upland region of the western Amazon.

Deformational plagiocephaly in normal infants: a systematic review of causes and hypotheses

2017 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 535-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freia De Bock ◽  
Volker Braun ◽  
Herbert Renz-Polster
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Keyword Search ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sleep Position ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Deformational Plagiocephaly ◽  
Tummy Time ◽  
Supine Sleep

BackgroundDeformational plagiocephaly (DP) is one of the most prevalent abnormal findings in infants and a frequent reason for parents to seek paediatric advice.ObjectiveTo systematically review the literature and identify evidence and hypotheses on the aetiology and determinants of DP in otherwise healthy infants.DesignSystematic keyword search in all major biomedical databases to identify peer-reviewed publications reporting (a) empirical research or (b) hypotheses on the aetiology of DP in healthy, term infants. 3150 studies published between 1985 and 2016 and containing relevant keywords were screened. In a two-pronged approach, results were summarised separately for the body of empirical work (22 studies) and the body of hypotheses (110 articles).Review findingsOnly a few empirical studies have examined risk factors in non-selected patient populations on a higher grade methodological level. The most commonly reported risk factors were: male gender, supine sleep position, limited neck rotation or preference in head position, first-born child, lower level of activity and lack of tummy time. Agreement between empirical studies was poor for most exposures, including supine sleep position, tummy time and use of car seats. The articles reporting hypotheses on the aetiology of DP cover a wide field of environmental and biological factors, but include little suggestions as to the potential influence of the everyday care environment of the baby.Conclusions and relevanceThe evidence on the aetiology of DP is fragmentary and heterogeneous. In addition, factors possibly relevant to the development of DP have not been appreciated in the scientific discussion.

A new species of the genus Megophrys (Anura: Megophryidae) from Yunnan Province, China

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4413 (2) ◽  
pp. 325 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIAN-HUAN YANG ◽  
JIAN WANG ◽  
YING-YONG WANG
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
The Body ◽  
Head Length ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Advertisement Call ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Dorsal Skin ◽  
A New Species

We describe a new horned toad species of the genus Megophrys from Yingjiang County of Yunnan Province, China. The new species, Megophrys feii sp. nov., can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following characters: (1) body slender and small (SVL 24.3–25.1 mm in four males, 28.2–28.9 mm in two females); (2) head length about equal to head width (HDL/HDW 0.97–0.99); (3) tympanum circular and distinct; (4) maxillary teeth present; (5) vomerine ridges and vomerine teeth absent; (6) tongue round, slightly notched posteriorly; (7) tibia long (TIB/SVL 0.48–0.52 in four males, 0.54–0.55 in two females), shanks overlapping when thighs are held at right angles to the body; (8) dorsal skin distinctly granular and densely covered with small tubercles; (9) lower flanks and lateral sides of belly scattered with small but prominent, white, tubercles; (10) webbing between toes rudimentary; (11) lateral fringes on toes moderate to wide; (12) breeding males without nuptial pads and spines on fingers; (13) protruding projection posterior to cloaca present in both sexes; (14) groin and ventral thigh coloration in life not contrasting with surrounding regions; (15) the presence of an indistinct and small horn-like tubercle at the edge of the eyelid; and (16) an advertisement call with a dominant frequency of 4.74–4.91 kHz (at 18 ˚C). To date, the new species has only been found at its type locality in stream areas in montane evergreen broadleaf forests between 700–1200 m elevation. 

The use of Body Surface Index as a Better Clinical Health indicators Compare to Body Mass Index and Body Surface Area for Clinical Application

2018 ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
Shirazu I. ◽  
Theophilus. A. Sackey ◽  
Elvis K. Tiburu ◽  
Mensah Y. B. ◽  
Forson A.
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parameters ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Individual Body

The relationship between body height and body weight has been described by using various terms. Notable among them is the body mass index, body surface area, body shape index and body surface index. In clinical setting the first descriptive parameter is the BMI scale, which provides information about whether an individual body weight is proportionate to the body height. Since the development of BMI, two other body parameters have been developed in an attempt to determine the relationship between body height and weight. These are the body surface area (BSA) and body surface index (BSI). Generally, these body parameters are described as clinical health indicators that described how healthy an individual body response to the other internal organs. The aim of the study is to discuss the use of BSI as a better clinical health indicator for preclinical assessment of body-organ/tissue relationship. Hence organ health condition as against other body composition. In addition the study is `also to determine the best body parameter the best predict other parameters for clinical application. The model parameters are presented as; modeled height and weight; modelled BSI and BSA, BSI and BMI and modeled BSA and BMI. The models are presented as clinical application software for comfortable working process and designed as GUI and CAD for use in clinical application.

CONCEPTUALISING RISK CULTURE ON ERM IMPLEMENTATION IN CONSTRUCTION COMPANIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Ching Ching Wong
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Risk Identification ◽  
The Body ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Construction Companies ◽  
Risk Appetite ◽  
Risk Culture ◽  
Risk Treatment ◽  
Managing Risk ◽  
The Relationship

Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) is an effective technique in managing risk within an organization strategically and holistically. Risk culture relates to the general awareness, attitudes and behaviours towards risk management in an organisation. This paper presents a conceptual model that shows the relationship between risk culture and ERM implementation. The dependent variable is ERM implementation, which is measured by the four processes namely risk identification and risk assessment; risk treatment; monitor and consult; communicate and consult. The independent variables under risk culture are risk policy and risk appetite; key risk indicators; accountability; incentives; risk language and internal relationships. This study aims to empirically test the relationship between risk culture and ERM implementation among Malaysian construction public listed companies. Risk culture is expected to have direct effects and significantly influence ERM. This study contributes to enhance the body of knowledge in ERM especially in understanding significant of risk culture that influence its’ implementation from Malaysian perspective.

Structural Mediation Model of Information System and Sustainable Performance of UAE Manufacturing Sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ahmed Darwish Abdulla Larii ◽  
◽  
Fatma Ahmed Lari ◽  
Mohamed Ahmed Darwish Abdulla Lari ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Organisational Culture ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Sustainable Performance ◽  
The Relationship

This study intends to find out the mediating effect of organisational culture on the relationship between information system and sustainable performance of manufacturing sector in UAE. This study used AMOS-SEM software to develop mediation model that linking the mediating relationships between Information System, Organisational Culture and Sustainable operation Performance. Data was collected through questionnaire survey among the operation staff of Abu Dhabi manufacturing companies. A total 250 questionnaires were distributed however 205 were returned and only 200 are valid which indicates a response rate of 80%. The analysis found that TPS has positive but not significant effect to SP; OIS has positive but not significant effect to SP; FMW has a positive and significant effect on SP; SDS has a negative and not significant effect to SP and SP has positive but not significant effect OC. For the path relationship between the four exogenous variables (TPS, OIS, SDS, and FMW) and the mediator variable (OC), the results are TPS has positive and significant effect to OC; OIS has positive but not significant effect to OC; FMW has positive and significant effect to OC and SDS has positive and not significant effect to OC. Collectively, the five exogenous constructs (TPS, OIS, SDS, FMW and OC) explained 89% variation in operational performance and 86% of the variation in organisational culture. However, for a mediator, it was found that OC has no significant mediating effect on the relationship between TPS and SP; OC has no significant mediating effect on the relationship between OIS and SP; OC has no significant mediating effect on the relationship between SDS and SP and OC has no significant mediating effect on the relationship between FMW and SP. it can be concluded that there is a positive relationship between information system dimensions and operational performance. However organizational culture has no contributing any mediating effect to the relationship. These findings have contributed to the body of knowledge and could be shared among the UAE manufacturing practitioners.

Study of the infl uence of information and communication tools on the psychophysiological state of schoolchildren on the basis of subjective evaluation

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Rakhmanova ◽  
Georgiy Loginov ◽  
Vladimir Dolich ◽  
Nataliya Komleva ◽  
Galina Rakhmanova
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Communication Tools ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Relationship

The relevance of the article is determined by the existence of contradictions between the need to introduce innovative technologies into the educational process at school, as an integral attribute of modern education, and the negative influence of factors on the physical and psycho-emotional state of health of students related to the use of information and communication tools (computers, phones, headphones). The goal of the study was to assess the relationship between the timing of the use of information and communication tools and the frequency of functional and psycho-emotional complaints in groups of middle and high school schoolchildren. 400 schoolchildren of the Saratov Region, the Moscow Region, Leningrad Region and the Republic of Dagestan were surveyed, who made up two groups of research: middle-school schoolchildren (grades 5–6) and high-school schoolchildren (grades 10–11 The survey was carried out by means of the standardized formalized cards which included the questions considering usage time of computers and mobile phones, complaints to a headache, hands pain, other pain and/or feeling of discomfort from visual organ and the organs of hearing, as well as a psycho-emotional state. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using the STATISTICA application software program by StatSoft Inc (USA). To compare the frequencies of a binary feature, a fourfold table of absolute frequencies was constructed and the level of statistical significance for the exact Fisher’s two-tailed test criterion was determined. The study was conducted according to the requirements of bioethics, after signing informed consent statement by teenagers and their parents. The study examined the relationship between the timing of the use of information and communication tools and the frequency of complaints in groups of schoolchildren. The results of the study should be taken into account when developing and implementing preventive measures to prevent negative effects of computers and mobile devices on the body of students.

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