Know your enemy: Bio-rational trap outperforms human landing catches across mosquito genera

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances M. Hawkes
Keyword(s):  
Human Landing

scholarly journals Dengue-2 and Guadeloupe Mosquito Virus RNA Detected in Aedes (Stegomyia) spp. Collected in a Vehicle Impound Yard in Santo André, SP, Brazil

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Marina E. O. Rangel ◽  
Luana P. R. Oliveira ◽  
Aline D. Cabral ◽  
Katharyna C. Gois ◽  
Marcos V. M. Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Serra Do Mar ◽  
Virus Rna ◽  
High Infection ◽  
Human Landing ◽  
Environmental Protection Area ◽  
Protection Area ◽  
Minimum Infection Rate

In 2018–2019, we conducted mosquito collections in a municipal vehicle impound yard, which is 10 km from the Serra do Mar Environmental Protection Area in Santo André, SP, Brazil. Our aim is to study arboviruses in the impound yard, to understand the transmission of arboviruses in an urban environment in Brazil. We captured the mosquitoes using human-landing catches and processed them for arbovirus detection by conventional and quantitative RT-PCR assays. We captured two mosquito species, Aedes aegypti (73 total specimens; 18 females and 55 males) and Ae. albopictus (34 specimens; 27 females and 7 males). The minimum infection rate for DENV-2 was 11.5 per 1000 (CI95%: 1–33.9). The detection of DENV-2 RNA in an Ae. albopictus female suggests that this virus might occur in high infection rates in the sampled mosquito population and is endemic in the urban areas of Santo André. In addition, Guadeloupe mosquito virus RNA was detected in an Ae. aegypti female. To our knowledge, this was the first detection of the Guadeloupe mosquito virus in Brazil.

scholarly journals New Records of Anopheles benarrochi B (Diptera: Culicidae) in Malaria Hotspots in the Amazon Regions of Ecuador and Peru

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Morales Viteri ◽  
Manuela Herrera-Varela ◽  
Maribel Albuja ◽  
Cristina Quiroga ◽  
Gloria Diaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vector Control ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
New Records ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Human Landing Catch ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Control Units ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Human Landing ◽  
First Time

Abstract The increase in malaria transmission in the Amazon region motivated vector control units of the Ministry of Health of Ecuador and Peru to investigate Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) species present in transmission hotspots. Mosquitoes were collected using prokopack aspirators and CDC light traps (Ecuador) and human landing catch in Peru. In Ecuador, 84 Anopheles were captured from Pastaza, Morona Santiago, and Orellana provinces and identified morphologically [An. (An.) apicimacula Dyar and Knab, An. (Nys.) near benarrochi, An. (Nys.) near oswaldoi, An. (Nys.) near strodei, An. (An.) nimbus (Theobald, 1902), and An. (Nyssorhynchus) sp.]. In Peru, 1,150 Anopheles were collected in Andoas District. A subsample of 166 specimens was stored under silica and identified as An. near oswaldoi, An. darlingi, and An. (An.) mattogrossensis Lutz and Neiva. COI barcode region sequences were obtained for 137 adults (107 from Peru, 30 from Ecuador) identified by ITS2 PCR-RFLP as An. benarrochi Gabaldon, Cova Garcia, and Lopez and retained in the final analysis. Haplotypes from the present study plus An. benarrochi B GenBank sequences grouped separately from Brazilian An. benarrochi GenBank sequences by 44 mutation steps, indicating that the present study specimens were An. benarrochi B. Our findings confirm the presence of An. benarrochi B in Ecuador and reported here for the first time from the Amazonian provinces of Orellana and Morona Santiago. Furthermore, we confirm that the species collected in Andoas District in the Datem del Maranon Province, Peru, is An. benarrochi B, and we observed that it is highly anthropophilic. Overall, the known distribution of An. benarrochi B has been extended and includes southern Colombia, much of Peru and eastern Ecuador.

scholarly journals Assessment of Mosquito Collection Methods for Dengue Surveillance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Triwibowo Ambar Garjito ◽  
Lulus Susanti ◽  
Mujiyono Mujiyono ◽  
Mega Tyas Prihatin ◽  
Dwi Susilo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Mixed Data ◽  
Adult Mosquito ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Mosquito Collection ◽  
Human Landing ◽  
Collection Methods

Abstract BackgroundSeveral methods exist to collect and assess the abundance of dengue vector mosquitoes, i.e. morning adult collection using an aspirator, pupal collection, various ovitraps, whole night collection using human landing methods, and larval collection. This diversity of methods might be a source of variability and lack of statistical significance when trying to correlate mosquito density and risk of dengue outbreak. There is also a lack of published data regarding the effectiveness of these methods MethodsA mosquito survey was conducted in 39 locations corresponding to 15 dengue endemic provinces in Indonesia. The larval surveys were performed by collecting at least a single Aedes larva from each container, and then reared up until hatching. Three adult mosquito sampling methods were also used, including morning resting collection, human landing collection, animal baited trap. All field samples were tested for dengue. Factor Analysis of Mixed Data (FAMD) was conducted to analyze the effectiveness of the collection methods against mosquito species and dengue incidence.ResultsA total of 44,675 mosquitoes were collected. The single larva method was the most efficient method. Out of a total of 89 dengue-positive pools, the most frequently encountered virus was DENV2, which made up half of the positive samples, followed by DENV3 and DENV1, respectively. FAMD showed that no correlation could be found between any methods and the presence of dengue virus in mosquitoes. Moreover, no correlation could be found between either any methods or the incidence.ConclusionsThere was no concistency in the efficacy of a given method and the incidence of dengue in the human population. There was no correlation between any of the parameters considered, i.e. method, incidence of dengue, location and presence of dengue virus in mosquitoes. This indicates that entomological factors are not reliable indicators.

scholarly journals LAMA HIDUP DAN POTENSI Culex quinquefasciatus SEBAGAI VEKTOR FILARIASIS LIMFATIK BERDASARKAN KETINGGIAN PASCA TRANSMISSION ASSESMENT SURVEY (TAS) DI KABUPATEN SUBANG, JAWA BARAT

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-166
Author(s):  
Endang Puji Astuti ◽  
Mutiara Widawati ◽  
Yuneu Yuliasih ◽  
Andri Ruliansyah ◽  
Asep Jajang Kusnandar
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Mosquito Abundance ◽  
Biting Rate ◽  
Human Landing ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Density Behavior ◽  
Entomological Data

The study on the bioecology of Lymphatic Filariasis (LF) vector is necessary to be used as a support to eliminate LF due to the lack of entomological data for LF vector in Subang, especially after the Provision of Mass Drug Administration for Filariasis Prevention. This study aims to identify mosquito species, density, behavior, longevity, presence of the filaria worm in mosquitoes, and to identify the distribution of mosquitoes in the highlands and lowlands in selected villages in Subang district. This study is part of Lymphatic filariasis (multicenter) evaluation study in Indonesia. The data was collected by using human landing collection method and vector habitat survey data. The entomological data analyzed from the calculation of Man hour density (MHD), Man biting rate (MBR), and longevity, while the relationship between variables and mosquito abundance using Pearson's correlation. The results indicated that the density of mosquitoes caught in Rancahilir was higher than Curug rendeng villages, these results are similar to the LF vector suspect mosquito (Cx. quinquefasciatus). These mosquitoes are found outdoor with peak densities at 22.00-23.00 West Indonesia Time. Altitude has an association with the density of mosquitoes (p-value 0.039). The longevity of Cx. quinquefasciatus population is 10-13 days. At that longevity, vectors are at risk for infective filarial worms. The result shows that Cx. quinquefasciatus collected in this study was negative for filarial worms. Based on the results of this study, we conclude that in Subang, filariasis transmission chain prevention has been successful. However, periodic evaluations is still need to be carried out in order to prevent re-infection of the disease. Abstrak Kajian tentang bioekologi nyamuk vektor Lymphatic Filariasis (LF) di Kabupatem Subang perlu dilakukan. Kajian ini sebagai pendukung untuk menuju eliminasi LF mengingat belum optimalnya data entomologi nyamuk vektor di Subang, terutama pasca Pemberian Obat Masal Pencegahan (POMP) filariasis. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi spesies, kepadatan, perilaku, umur panjang (longevity) populasi nyamuk, identifikasi keberadaan cacing filaria pada nyamuk vektor LF serta menganalisis perbedaan distribusi nyamuk pada dataran tinggi dan rendah di desa terpilih di Kabupaten Subang. Penelitian ini merupakan analisis lanjut dari penelitian “Studi evaluasi filariasis (multicenter) di Indonesia” yang dilaksanakan di beberapa kabupaten di Indonesia.  Data yang diambil, yaitu data survei vektor yang menggunakan metode Human Landing Collection (HLC) dan survei habitat vektor. Analisa data entomologi menggunakan perhitungan Man hour density (MHD), Man-biting rate (MBR) dan  nilai umur panjang nyamuk (longevity), sedangkan hubungan antar variabel dengan kepadatan menggunakan korelasi pearson. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepadatan nyamuk yang tertangkap di Desa Rancahilir (dataran rendah) lebih banyak dibandingkan di Desa Curug rendeng (dataran tinggi), termasuk kepadatan nyamuk Cx. quinquefasciatus yang juga dominan di wilayah ini. Nyamuk ini banyak ditemukan di luar rumah dengan puncak kepadatan pada jam 22.00-23.00 WIB. Ketinggian mempunyai hubungan dengan kepadatan nyamuk tertangkap (p value 0,039). Umur populasi nyamuk Cx. quinquefasciatus 10-13 hari. Umur ini menunjukkan umur populasi yang berisiko untuk infektif cacing filaria. Hasil pemeriksaan nyamuk Cx. quinquefasciatus negatif terhadap cacing filarial. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa di Kabupaten Subang telah berhasil memutuskan rantai penularan filaria. Namun, masih perlu dilaksanakan evaluasi berkala agar tidak terjadi penularan kembali di wilayah ini.

scholarly journals Risk of transmission of viral haemorrhagic fevers and the insecticide susceptibility status of aedes aegypti (linnaeus) in some sites in Accra, Ghana

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-141
Author(s):  
Takashi Suzuki ◽  
Joseph H Osei ◽  
Sasaki Sasaki ◽  
Michelle Adimazoya ◽  
Maxwell Appawu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Insecticide Susceptibility ◽  
Aedes Mosquitoes ◽  
Human Landing ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The University ◽  
University Of Ghana ◽  
Susceptibility Status

Background: Dengue is one of the emerging diseases that can mostly only be controlled by vector control since there is no vaccine for the disease. Although, Dengue has not been reported in Ghana, movement of people from neighbouring countries where the disease has been reported can facilitate transmission of the disease. Objective: This study was carried on the University of Ghana campus to determine the risk of transmission of viral haemorrhagic fevers and the insecticide susceptibility status of Ae. aegypti in some sites in Accra, Ghana. Design: Larval surveys were carried to inspect containers within households and estimate larval indices and adult Aedes mosquitoes were collected using human landing collection technique. WHO tube assays was used to assess the insecticide susceptibility status of Aedes mosquitoes. Results: Ae. aegypti were the most prevalent species, 75.5% and followed by Ae. vittatus, 23.9 %. Ae. albopictus and Ae. granti were in smaller numbers. Household index (HI), Breteau index (BI), and container index were calculated as 8.2%, 11.2% and 10.3% respectively with man-vector contact rate of 0.67 bites/man-hour estimated for the area. The mortalities recorded for Ae. aegypti from WHO tube assays was 88%, 94%, 80% and 99% for DDT (4%), deltamethrin (0.05%), lambdacyhalothrin (0.05%) and permethrin (0.75%) respectively.Conclusion: The survey results indicated that the density of Aedes mosquitoes was considered to be sufficient to promote an outbreak of viral haemorrhagic fevers on Legon Campus. Aedes mosquitoes were found to be resistant to DDT, deltamethrin and lamdacyhalothrin, but susceptible to permethrin. Funding: This study was supported in part by Japan Initiative for Global Research Network on Infectious Diseases(J-Grid).Keywords: Mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti, insecticide, risk, VHF transmission, Ghana

scholarly journals Species diversity and insecticide resistance within the Anopheles hyrcanus group in Ubon Ratchathani Province, Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anchana Sumarnrote ◽  
Hans J. Overgaard ◽  
Vincent Corbel ◽  
Kanutcharee Thanispong ◽  
Theeraphap Chareonviriyaphap ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Insecticide Susceptibility ◽  
Human Landing ◽  
Early Peak

Abstract Background Members of the Anopheles hyrcanus group have been incriminated as important malaria vectors. This study aims to identify the species and explore the insecticide susceptibility profile within the Anopheles hyrcanus group in Ubon Ratchathani Province, northeastern Thailand where increasing numbers of malaria cases were reported in 2014. Methods Between 2013 and 2015, five rounds of mosquito collections were conducted using human landing and cattle bait techniques during both the rainy and dry seasons. Anopheles mosquitoes were morphologically identified and their insecticide susceptibility status was investigated. Synergist bioassays were carried out with An. hyrcanus (s.l.) due to their resistance to all insecticides. An ITS2-PCR assay was conducted to identify to species the Hyrcanus group specimens. Results Out of 10,361 Anopheles females collected, representing 18 taxa in 2 subgenera, 71.8% were morphologically identified as belonging to the Hyrcanus Group (subgenus Anopheles), followed by An. barbirostris group (7.9%), An. nivipes (6.5%), An. philippinensis (5.9%) and the other 14 Anopheles species. Specimens of the Hyrcanus Group were more prevalent during the rainy season and were found to be highly zoophilic. Anopheles hyrcanus (s.l.) was active throughout the night, with an early peak of activity between 18:00 h and 21:00 h. ITS2-PCR assay conducted on 603 DNA samples from specimens within the Hyrcanus Group showed the presence of five sisters species. Anopheles peditaeniatus was the most abundant species (90.5%, n = 546), followed by An. nitidus (4.5%, n = 27), An. nigerrimus (4.3%, n = 26), An. argyropus (0.5%, n = 3), and An. sinensis (0.2%, n = 1). All An. hyrcanus (s.l.) specimens that were found resistant to insecticides (deltamethrin 0.05%, permethrin 0.75% and DDT 4% and synergist tests) belonged to An. peditaeniatus. The degree of resistance in An. peditaeniatus to each of these three insecticides was approximately 50%. Addition of PBO (Piperonyl butoxide), but not DEF (S.S.S-tributyl phosphotritioate), seemed to restore susceptibility, indicating a potential role of oxidases as a detoxifying enzyme resistance mechanism. Conclusions A better understanding of mosquito diversity related to host preference, biting activity and insecticide resistance status will facilitate the implementation of locally adapted vector control strategies.

scholarly journals Comparison of the human-baited double net trap with the human landing catch for Aedes albopictus monitoring in Shanghai, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Gao ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
Xihong Lv ◽  
Hui Cao ◽  
Jianjun Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Human Landing Catch ◽  
Human Landing

scholarly journals Assessing the Presence of Wuchereria bancrofti Infections in Vectors Using Xenomonitoring in Lymphatic Filariasis Endemic Districts in Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sellase Pi-Bansa ◽  
Joseph Osei ◽  
Worlasi Kartey-Attipoe ◽  
Elizabeth Elhassan ◽  
David Agyemang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
Filarial Infection ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Mosquito Sampling ◽  
Human Landing ◽  
Monitoring And Surveillance ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
New Research

Mass drug administration (MDA) is the current mainstay to interrupt the transmission of lymphatic filariasis. To monitor whether MDA is effective and transmission of lymphatic filariasis indeed has been interrupted, rigorous surveillance is required. Assessment of transmission by programme managers is usually done via serology. New research suggests that xenomonitoring holds promise for determining the success of lymphatic filariasis interventions. The objective of this study was to assess Wuchereria bancrofti infection in mosquitoes as a post-MDA surveillance tool using xenomonitoring. The study was carried out in four districts of Ghana; Ahanta West, Mpohor, Kassena Nankana West and Bongo. A suite of mosquito sampling methods was employed, including human landing collections, pyrethrum spray catches and window exit traps. Infection of W. bancrofti in mosquitoes was determined using dissection, conventional and real-time polymerase chain reaction and loop mediated isothermal amplification assays. Aedes, Anopheles coustani, An. gambiae, An. pharoensis, Culex and Mansonia mosquitoes were sampled in each of the four study districts. The dissected mosquitoes were positive for filarial infection using molecular assays. Dissected An. melas mosquitoes from Ahanta West district were the only species found positive for filarial parasites. We conclude that whilst samples extracted with Trizol reagent did not show any positives, molecular methods should still be considered for monitoring and surveillance of lymphatic filariasis transmission.

scholarly journals Malaria Transmission Pattern in an Area Selected for Clinical Trials in the Sudanian Area of Senegal (West Africa)

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
El Hadji Amadou Niang ◽  
Aissatou Touré ◽  
El Hadji Malick Ngom ◽  
Lassana Konaté ◽  
Ousmane Faye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Entomological Inoculation Rate ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Transmission Intensity ◽  
Heterogeneous Distribution ◽  
Transmission Pattern ◽  
Peak Intensity ◽  
Human Landing

Malaria transmission pattern was studied in 3 villages (Toubanding, Daga Ndoup, and Keur Samba Guèye) situated within an area selected for clinical trials. The study was conducted in the rainy season from July to December 2011. The main objective of this work was to gather baseline data on malaria transmission intensity and other entomological parameters before the advent of clinical trials. Mosquitoes were collected by Human-Landing Collections (HLCs) and by pyrethrum spray catches (PSCs). Five anopheline species were collected, namely,An. arabiensis,An. gambiae,An. funestus,An. pharoensis, andAn. rufipes, giving a heterogeneous distribution within the study area. The populations dynamics of the vectors varied temporarily in each village depending on the pattern of the rainy season. Transmission intensity estimated by the entomological inoculation rate (EIR) was measured in each of the three villages with the variations linked to the microecological differences between the villages. Measurements were calculated for August, September, and October and were found to vary between 4 and 30 infected bites per person over the study period with a peak intensity observed in September. These results indicate that epidemiological field trials on malaria could be conducted in this area on the basis of the differences observed with transmission intensity, micro-ecological variations, and the objectives of the trials.

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