scholarly journals Is there an efficient trap or collection method for sampling Anopheles darlingi and other malaria vectors that can describe the essential parameters affecting transmission dynamics as effectively as human landing catches? - A Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 685-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Bento Pereira Lima ◽  
Maria Goreti Rosa-Freitas ◽  
Cynara Melo Rodovalho ◽  
Fátima Santos ◽  
Ricardo Lourenço-de-Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Anopheles Darlingi ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
Human Landing

scholarly journals DISTRIBUSI VEKTOR DAN POTENSI PENULARAN MALARIA DI PAPUA BARAT PADA BERBAGAI EKOSISTEM

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Riyani Setiyaningsih ◽  
Mega Tyas Prihatin ◽  
Mujiyono Mujiyono ◽  
Triwibowo Ambar Garjito ◽  
Widiarti Widiarti
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
Anopheles Farauti ◽  
West Papua ◽  
Human Landing ◽  
Anopheles Punctulatus ◽  
Papua Barat ◽  
Breeding Place

Anopheles farauti, Anopheles brancofti, Anopheles punctulatus, and Anopheles koliensis are confirmed as malaria vectors in West Papua. The distribution of vectors and their potency as malaria transmission differs in each ecosystem. The aim of this research was to investigate the distribution of vectors and their potency as malaria transmission found in various ecosystem. Mosquitoes were caught  by human landing collection method, Animal-Baited Trap, and livestock-baited trap. The larval surveillance was conducted in places that have potential as breeding place for Anopheles spp. Sampling sites were conducted in Manokwari, Fak-fak and Raja Ampat districts. Each District of mosquito and larva fishing is conducted in forest ecosystem near settlement, remote forest settlement, non forest near settlement, non forest remote settlement, beach near settlement and coastal remote settlement. The result of the study demonstrated that An. farauti, An. longirostris and An. punctulatus were positive from plasmodium caught in the beach near settlement, in the remote forest settlement and in non-forest near settlement ecosystems of Manokwari Regency, respectively. Anopheles farauti caught in non-forest near settlement ecosystem of Raja Ampat Regency was also found to be positive from plasmodium. However, none mosquitoes and larvae caught in Fak-fak Regency was positive. It is concluded that those mosquitoes caught in Manokwari and Raja Ampat Regency might act as vectors of Malaria.

scholarly journals SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION OF MALARIA VECTORS (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) IN RURAL LOCALITIES OF PORTO VELHO, RONDÔNIA, BRAZILIAN AMAZON

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Herman Soares GIL ◽  
Moreno de Souza RODRIGUES ◽  
Alzemar Alves de LIMA ◽  
Tony Hiroshi KATSURAGAWA
Keyword(s):  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Power Line ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Human Landing Catch ◽  
Anopheles Darlingi ◽  
Anopheles Species ◽  
Federal Highway ◽  
Human Landing ◽  
Porto Velho

We conducted a survey of the malaria vectors in an area where a power line had been constructed, between the municipalities of Porto Velho and Rio Branco, in the states of Rondônia and Acre, respectively. The present paper relates to the results of the survey of Anopheles fauna conducted in the state of Rondônia. Mosquito field collections were performed in six villages along the federal highway BR 364 in the municipality of Porto Velho, namely Porto Velho, Jaci Paraná, Mutum Paraná, Vila Abunã, Vista Alegre do Abunã, and Extrema. Mosquito captures were performed at three distinct sites in each locality during the months of February, July, and October 2011 using a protected human-landing catch method; outdoor and indoor captures were conducted simultaneously at each site for six hours. In the six sampled areas, we captured 2,185 mosquitoes belonging to seven Anopheles species. Of these specimens, 95.1% consisted of Anopheles darlingi, 1.8% An. triannulatus l.s., 1.7% An. deaneorum, 0.8% An. konderi l.s., 0.4 An. braziliensis, 0.1% An. albitarsis l.s., and 0.1% An. benarrochi. An. darlingi was the only species found in all localities; the remaining species occurred in sites with specific characteristics.

scholarly journals Comparison of capture methods for the diagnosis of adult anopheline populations from State of Mato Grosso, Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 555-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nanci Akemi Missawa ◽  
Ana Lúcia Maria Ribeiro ◽  
Giovana Belem Moreira Lima Maciel ◽  
Peter Zeilhofer
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Anopheles Darlingi ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Transmission Potential ◽  
Human Landing ◽  
Binominal Distribution

INTRODUCTION: The present study compares human landing catches of primary malaria vectors with two alternative methods of capture: the Shannon trap and the Mosquito magnet. METHODS: This study used regression models to adjust capture data to a negative binominal distribution. RESULTS: Capture numbers and relative percentages obtained from the three methods vary strongly between species. The highest overall captures were obtained for Anopheles triannulatus with captures for the Shannon trap and the Mosquito magnet measuring more than 330% higher than captures obtained by human landings. For Anopheles darlingi, captures by the Shannon trap and the Mosquito magnet were about 14% and 26% of human landing catches, respectively. Another species with malaria transmission potential that was not sampled by human landing captures weascaptured by the Shannon trap and the Mosquito magnet (Anopheles oswaldoi). Both alternative sampling techniques can predict the human landing of Anopheles triannulatus, but without proportionality. Models for Anopheles darlingi counts, after totaling daily captures, are significant and proportional, but prediction models are more reliable when using the Shannon trap compared with the Mosquito magnet captures. CONCLUSIONS: These alternative capture methods can be partially recommended for the substitution of human landing captures or, at least, as complementary forms of monitoring for malarial mosquitoes.

scholarly journals Effects of flooding of the River Paraná on the temporal activity of Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) darlingi Root (Diptera: Culicidae), at the border state of Mato Grosso do Sul and São Paulo, Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 516-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Almério de Castro Gomes ◽  
Marcia Bicudo de Paula ◽  
Delsio Natal ◽  
Sabina Léa Davidson Gotlieb ◽  
Luis Filipe Mucci
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Hydroelectric Power Station ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Anopheles Darlingi ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

INTRODUCTION: Study of the temporal activity of malaria vectors during the implantation of a hydroelectric power station on the River Paraná, intended to generate electrical energy. The river separates the States of São Paulo and Mato Grosso do Sul, in Brazil. The objective was to verify whether alterations occurred in the wealth and diversity indices of Anopheles, following two successive floods, extended to the temporal activity and nycthemeral rhythm followed over a five year period. METHODS: Mosquito capture was performed monthly using the Human Attraction Technique and Shannon Traps. The first, executed for 24h, provided the nycthemeral rhythm and the second, lasting 15h, permitted the tracking of Anopheles during the two floods. RESULTS: The bimodal pattern of Anopheles darlingi defined before these floods was modified throughout the environment interventions. The same effect had repercussions on the populations of An albitarsis s.l., An triannulatus and An galvaoi. Activity prior to twilight was less affected by the environment alterations. CONCLUSIONS: The dam construction provoked changes in Anopheles temporal activity patterns, permitting classification of the area as an ecologically steady and unstable situation. Differences observed in Anopheles behavior due to the capture methods revealed the influence of solo and multiple attractiveness inside the populations studied.

scholarly journals Species diversity and insecticide resistance within the Anopheles hyrcanus group in Ubon Ratchathani Province, Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anchana Sumarnrote ◽  
Hans J. Overgaard ◽  
Vincent Corbel ◽  
Kanutcharee Thanispong ◽  
Theeraphap Chareonviriyaphap ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Insecticide Susceptibility ◽  
Human Landing ◽  
Early Peak

Abstract Background Members of the Anopheles hyrcanus group have been incriminated as important malaria vectors. This study aims to identify the species and explore the insecticide susceptibility profile within the Anopheles hyrcanus group in Ubon Ratchathani Province, northeastern Thailand where increasing numbers of malaria cases were reported in 2014. Methods Between 2013 and 2015, five rounds of mosquito collections were conducted using human landing and cattle bait techniques during both the rainy and dry seasons. Anopheles mosquitoes were morphologically identified and their insecticide susceptibility status was investigated. Synergist bioassays were carried out with An. hyrcanus (s.l.) due to their resistance to all insecticides. An ITS2-PCR assay was conducted to identify to species the Hyrcanus group specimens. Results Out of 10,361 Anopheles females collected, representing 18 taxa in 2 subgenera, 71.8% were morphologically identified as belonging to the Hyrcanus Group (subgenus Anopheles), followed by An. barbirostris group (7.9%), An. nivipes (6.5%), An. philippinensis (5.9%) and the other 14 Anopheles species. Specimens of the Hyrcanus Group were more prevalent during the rainy season and were found to be highly zoophilic. Anopheles hyrcanus (s.l.) was active throughout the night, with an early peak of activity between 18:00 h and 21:00 h. ITS2-PCR assay conducted on 603 DNA samples from specimens within the Hyrcanus Group showed the presence of five sisters species. Anopheles peditaeniatus was the most abundant species (90.5%, n = 546), followed by An. nitidus (4.5%, n = 27), An. nigerrimus (4.3%, n = 26), An. argyropus (0.5%, n = 3), and An. sinensis (0.2%, n = 1). All An. hyrcanus (s.l.) specimens that were found resistant to insecticides (deltamethrin 0.05%, permethrin 0.75% and DDT 4% and synergist tests) belonged to An. peditaeniatus. The degree of resistance in An. peditaeniatus to each of these three insecticides was approximately 50%. Addition of PBO (Piperonyl butoxide), but not DEF (S.S.S-tributyl phosphotritioate), seemed to restore susceptibility, indicating a potential role of oxidases as a detoxifying enzyme resistance mechanism. Conclusions A better understanding of mosquito diversity related to host preference, biting activity and insecticide resistance status will facilitate the implementation of locally adapted vector control strategies.

scholarly journals Evaluation of mosquito electrocuting traps as a safe alternative to the human landing catch for measuring human exposure to malaria vectors in Burkina Faso

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Sanou ◽  
W. Moussa Guelbéogo ◽  
Luca Nelli ◽  
K. Hyacinth Toé ◽  
Soumanaba Zongo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Infected Mosquito ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Human Landing Catch ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Human Landing ◽  
Biting Behaviour

Abstract Background Measuring human exposure to mosquito bites is a crucial component of vector-borne disease surveillance. For malaria vectors, the human landing catch (HLC) remains the gold standard for direct estimation of exposure. This method, however, is controversial since participants risk exposure to potentially infected mosquito bites. Recently an exposure-free mosquito electrocuting trap (MET) was developed to provide a safer alternative to the HLC. Early prototypes of the MET performed well in Tanzania but have yet to be tested in West Africa, where malaria vector species composition, ecology and behaviour are different. The performance of the MET relative to HLC for characterizing mosquito vector population dynamics and biting behaviour in Burkina Faso was evaluated. Methods A longitudinal study was initiated within 12 villages in Burkina Faso in October 2016. Host-seeking mosquitoes were sampled monthly using HLC and MET collections over 14 months. Collections were made at 4 households on each night, with METs deployed inside and outside at 2 houses, and HLC inside and outside at another two. Malaria vector abundance, species composition, sporozoite rate and location of biting (indoor versus outdoor) were recorded. Results In total, 41,800 mosquitoes were collected over 324 sampling nights, with the major malaria vector being Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) complex. Overall the MET caught fewer An. gambiae s.l. than the HLC (mean predicted number of 0.78 versus 1.82 indoors, and 1.05 versus 2.04 outdoors). However, MET collections gave a consistent representation of seasonal dynamics in vector populations, species composition, biting behaviour (location and time) and malaria infection rates relative to HLC. As the relative performance of the MET was somewhat higher in outdoor versus indoor settings, this trapping method slightly underestimated the proportion of bites preventable by LLINs compared to the HLC (MET = 82.08%; HLC = 87.19%). Conclusions The MET collected proportionately fewer mosquitoes than the HLC. However, estimates of An. gambiae s.l. density in METs were highly correlated with HLC. Thus, although less sensitive, the MET is a safer alternative than the HLC. Its use is recommended particularly for sampling vectors in outdoor environments where it is most sensitive.

scholarly journals Low-density genetically diverse natural Wolbachia infections in malaria vectors in Kayin state, Myanmar

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Sunisa Sawasdichai ◽  
Victor Chaumeau ◽  
Tee Dah ◽  
Thithiworada Kulabkeeree ◽  
Ladda Kajeechiwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Human Landing Catch ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Mosquito Vectors ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Vector Species ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Human Landing ◽  
Malaria Mosquitoes ◽  
Rrna Sequences

Background: Natural Wolbachia infections in malaria mosquitoes were recently reported in Africa, and negatively correlated with the development of Plasmodium falciparum in the vectors. The occurrence and effects of Wolbachia infections outside Africa have not been described and may have been underestimated. Methods: Mosquitoes were collected by human-landing catch during May and June 2017 in ten villages in Kayin state, Myanmar. Closely related species of malaria vectors were identified with molecular assays. Wolbachia infection rates were assessed with quantitative real-time PCR. Results: Low titer of Wolbachia DNA was detected in 13/370 samples in six malaria vector species. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA sequences revealed a high diversity of Wolbachia strains and identified lineages different from those described in the African malaria mosquitoes. Conclusion: These low-density genetically diverse natural Wolbachia infections question the ecology and biology of Wolbachia-Anopheles interactions in Southeast Asia. Their effects on malaria transmission and mosquito vectors are yet to be determined.

scholarly journals Semi Field Evaluation of Freestanding Transfluthrin Passive Emanators and the BG Sentinel Trap as a “Push-Pull control Strategy” Against Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mgeni Mohamed Tambwe ◽  
Sarah Moore ◽  
Hassan Chilumba ◽  
Johnson Kyeba Swai ◽  
Jason Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Human Landing Catch ◽  
Regular User ◽  
Pull System ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Human Landing ◽  
Bg Sentinel

Abstract Background The use of volatile pyrethroids and odor-baited traps in a push-pull system has been shown to reduce house entry and outdoor bites for malaria vectors. This technology has the potential to control other outdoor biting mosquitoes such as Aedes aegypti that transmit arboviral diseases. In this study, semi-field experiments were conducted to evaluate whether a push-pull system could be used to reduce bites from Aedes.Methods The push and pull under investigation consisted of two freestanding transfluthrin passive emanators (FTPE), and a BG sentinel trap (BGS) respectively. The FTPE contained hessian strips treated with 5.25 g of transfluthrin active ingredient. The efficacies of FTPE and BGS alone and in combination were evaluated by human landing catch in a large semi-field system in Tanzania. We also investigated the protection of FTPE over six months. The data was analyzed using generalized linear mixed models with binomial distribution.Results Two FTPE have a protective efficacy (PE) of 61% (95% Confidence interval (CI): 52.18–69.91) against human landing rate of Aedes aegypti. The BGS did not significantly reduce mosquito landings; the PE was 2.14% (95% CI: -2.87-7.16). The combination of FTPE and BGS (push-pull) provided the PE of 64.46% (95% CI: 59.06–69.85). However, there was no significant difference in the protective efficacy between the push-pull and the two FTPE against Ae. aegypti (p = 0.286). The FTPE offered significant protection against Ae. aegypti at month three, with a PE of 46.44% (95% CI: 41.12–51.76), but not at six months with a PE of 2.20% (95% CI: -9.00-14.02).Conclusions The protective efficacy of the FTPE and the full push-pull system are similar, indicative that bite prevention is primarily due to the activity of the FTPE. While these results are encouraging for the FTPE, further work is needed for a push-pull system to be recommended for Ae. aegypti control. The three-month protection provided by the FTPE against Ae. aegypti bites suggests it would be a useful additional personal protection tool during dengue outbreaks, that does not require regular user compliance.

scholarly journals Host-seeking behavior and hourly biting rhythm of vectors in malaria endemic district of Arba Minch area, Southwest Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melkam Abiye Zeru ◽  
Simon Shibru ◽  
Fekadu Massebo
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Malaria Vector Control ◽  
Southwest Ethiopia ◽  
Anopheles Mosquitoes ◽  
Host Seeking ◽  
Human Landing ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The early and outdoor biting behaviors of malaria vectors are among the key challenges in malaria control. Hence, understanding the host-seeking behavior and the peak biting time of malaria vectors is important in malaria vector control programs. This study assessed the host-seeking behavior and hourly biting activity of malaria mosquitoes in Chano Mille village in Arba Minch district, southwest Ethiopia. Methods The first trial was done by keeping cattle together with human that collects the entered mosquitoes in tent, while the other was done by keeping cattle outside a 1 m distance from human collector inside a tent. In both trials, mosquito collation was done inside tents baited by cattle and human using human landing catches (HLC) techniques. Four human volunteers’ were recruited and trained to collect mosquitoes in the four tents from 18:00-24:00 for three months. Two tents were selected randomly for human alone and two for cattle baited collections in the first night and then rotated to minimize the variation due to location of tents and collectors skill. The tent trial was done close to the shore of the Lake Abaya to minimize the interference of other animals on mosquito movement. The peak biting hour of malaria vectors was assessed within a Chano village from 18:00-6:00. Mosquito collation was done both indoor and outdoor by HLC. Morphological speciation of Anopheles mosquitoes was done. The sporozoite infectivity status of Anopheles pharoensis was examined using enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay technique. The data was analyzed using a Generalized Estimating Equations with a negative binomial distribution. Results An. pharoensis, An. gambiae complex and An. tenebrosus were the three species documented during the trial. Keeping cattle together with human collector inside the tent attracted 42% ( P < 0.001) more An. pharoensis compared to human alone tent. Also, keeping cattle outside near to a tent with human at 1 m distance, attracted the entering An. pharoensis into the tent inside with human by 46% ( P = 0.002) than human in a tent with no cattle outside the same tent. The impact was not significant for An. gambiae complex and An. tenebrosus. Anopheles pharoensis and An. gambiae complex showed early night biting activity with peak biting from 19.00-20:00 which was significant for both An. gambiae complex ( P < 0.001) and An. pharoensis ( P = 0.015). Anopheles gambiae complex was mainly biting humans outdoor in the village. Conclusions Finally, keeping cattle within and close to human dwellings could increase malaria vectors bite exposure particularly to the zoophilic malaria vector An. pharoensis and, hence deployment of cattle far from human residence could be recommended to reduce the human exposure. The outdoor and early hours biting behavior of the An. gambiae complex could be a threat for success of current indoor based interventions and hence, tools could be designed to reduce this threat.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document